Astrakhan province. Accession kuRussia uye rokutendeutsa

Astrakhan Province November 22, 2017 wokupemberera ayo 300th mhembero. It yakaumbwa maererano nomurau Peter Mukuru muna 1717. On Ndima yayo kubva 1480 yaiva Astrakhan umambo, iyo iripo kusvikira 1557, apo yakanga vasiyana Moscow State.

History dzidzo

Makore matatu apfuura, kuti Moscow mauto inotungamirwa Prince Pronsky-Shemyakin akapinda nharaunda umambo kugadzwa kwoUmambo choumambo vakatapwa Derbyshev Khan, uyo akakumbira rubatsiro kubva Moscow uye akatora mhiko yokuvimbika kuna Russian mamiriro nemamiriro yokubhadhara mutero. Pashure hwaakatengeswa muna 1557 mauto eRussia yakatora mashoko Khanate kuRussia.

Russian mamiriro zvido idzi yagara yakakura. Aiva zvinangwa zvakawanda. Wokutanga uye kukosha - kudzivirirwa miganhu kubva vachirwisa vanhu wechiTatar vazhinji, iyo nguva nenguva kuyambuka muganhu kunyika, nokudaro vachikonzera irreparable kukuvara yevagari, hijacking nhapwa vagari. Wechipiri - kweGungwa reCaspian, wakange kuwana inokosha kukosha kuti hurumende. Colonisation kumucheto vakatamira tanetseka chaizvo. Izvi akwanise nokuda kakawanda vachirwisa kuti Tatars uye dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya aizotambudzazve vakasununguka Cossacks uye Kalmyks.

Sezvo 1708 nyika yaimbova umambo wakazopinzwa mundima Kazan province. Great mubereko kumucheto akaratidza Potr Veliky. Ndiye akaita chisarudzo, akachitaura 1717 nyika mundima yeRussian Empire. Astrakhan vaimbova umambo yakava chikamu somunhu administrative chikwata - padunhu, dzinotungamirirwa naGavhuna General.

nzvimbo

Kuwana Astrakhan dunhu - rwezasi-nechokumabvazuva European Russia. Senzira nharaunda yayo, sezvo miganhu mugore ra1914 zvaisanganisira Astrakhan nharaunda uye Kalmykia zvakazara, aoma Volgograd uye Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory, Dagestan uye Kazakhstan Guryev nharaunda.

Zvinonzi rakamiswa pamusoro ari reCaspian dzakaderera, vanenge 500 makiromita chinoitwa kusukwa paGungwa reCaspian. Rezasi kunosvika of Volga River akakamura mudunhu muzvikamu zviviri. Right (the Volga) anonzi Kalmyk inowanzorimwa, Left (Zavolzhskaya) - Shona inowanzorimwa. Wakandibaya Volga mu Astrakhan kudunhu iri huviri uta, kukamurwa kupinda migero dzakawanda, ane nhamba iri pamukova confluence kweGungwa reCaspian 70.

How kushandura Zvinoumba mudunhu

History of Astrakhan dunhu izere kuchinja. Raisanganisira uye Rinobva ndima yakakura. Gubernija pasi Peter yakasiyana magetsi munda. nemiganhu yayo ndokumonereka kubva steppes anopenga Kirghiz kuna Caucasus, kubva Kuban uye Stavropol Territory kuna Middle Volga.

Guta Astrakhan dunhu, vaiva yepakutanga mundima yayo:

• Astrakhan;
• Guryev - Pari muna Atyrau (Kazakhstan) ;
• Dmitrievsky - pari Kamyshin;
• Krasny Yar;
• Kizlyar;
• Petrovsk;
• Samara;
• Saratov;
• Simbirsk - Ulyanovsk panguva;
• Syzran;
• Terek;
• Tsarina - Pari anoshanda;
• Black Yar.

Pashure pemakore 11, ina Volga mumaguta (Samara, Saratov, Simbirsk, Syzran) zvakabviswa kubva ndokupinda Kazan province. Pashure mumwe makore 11, Saratov akawedzera zvakare kune Astrakhan province. Papera gore akava pakati Saratov gavhuna.

Nokuti reference, ari gavhuna - rudzi kuzvitonga. Dzakabatwa gavhuna akagadzwa Moscow, asi, kusiyana gavhuna hauna kuchengeta tichiregeredza ehurumende, uye rakanga riri kudya vanhu pasi ndima. Vavariro yake - kudzora mudunhu uye kuti mitero. Gavhuna vakava kwakapararira paitonga Catherine II. chimiro ichi hurumende yakanga mamirire kwete Russia, asi akatora nzvimbo dzimwe nyika, kunyanya England.

Paiva kunanga asi rinokosha basa iri urongwa munharaunda neHurumende iyo Astrakhan Province ave nzvimbo yayo inokosha kutorwa sezvinoita boka revarwi rinorinda hwacho uye zambuko pakati Russia uye East. Its mugumisiro - nokuumbwa mapurovhinzi matsva, kuchinja kwezvinhu dzimwe nzvimbo kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Muna 1752 muguta akachinjirwa Orenburg Guryev. makore makumi matatu shure Astrakhan rwenyika, panguva imwe chete zvayo sezvamunoita vakapinda muguta Uralsk. Mushure mechinguva Axhtubinsk Black Yar uye Tsarina yakatamira mudunhu.

Kufambira mupurovhinzi

Yakakura nzvimbo dzakanga dzakati vakawanda muruwa Astrakhan. Taigara pano vakawanda anongofamba vanhu; Kirghiz uye Kalmyks. The chikuru cheguta riri pamahombekombe ari Volga - anoisa akapfuma hove uye mafuro. Kuti vave nechokwadi inowanzotorwa kushanda kwaidiwa kusika akagadzirisa vanogara pamusoro munharaunda yayo. Zvakatanga ichangobva pose kwemahofisi kubva European muumambo hwacho muna Kirghiz inowanzorimwa.

Zvinotora sarudzo zvakafanira kuti kunokurumidza kugarwa yendima enyika; kuisa nyika kutengeswa pamusoro zvakanaka mashoko. Uyezve, vakanga vachipisira, vakabvumirwa mahara kushandiswa. Resettlement vakatapwa kubva mumisha yose. Paiva misha itsva Cossack. Astrakhan dunhu yaiva nzvimbo nhapwa, pakanga nhare. Izvi zvakasiya Old Vatendi uye vaipikisa. By pakuguma XIX remakore nhamba yevanhu Orthodox (Russian, Ukrainian) nemakore 55%, Kirghiz (Kazakhs) - vanenge 25%, Kalmyks - 13%, Tatars - 6%.

administrative kupesana

Muzinda mupurovhinzi raiva guta Astrakhan. Gumi rokutanga XX remakore. mudunhu, paiva 5 mumaruwa. County Astrakhan Astrakhan mudunhu aiva pakukura tichitarisa vemo - 219 760 vanhu (1897). Zvino achangobva akasika Enotaevsky, Krasnoyarsk, uye Chernoyarsky Tsarovsky, Kalmyk uye Shona steppes uye Astrakhan Cossack hondo.

The Kuronga mumaruwa shanu aisanganisira:

• Rural munharaunda - 157;
• townships - 47;
• Zvigayo - 13;
• uryadnicheskih nzvimbo - 89.

Kalmytskaya inowanzorimwa zvaisanganisira ulus chidhiraivho nomwe uye Bazaar. Shona inowanzorimwa kwaisanganisira zvikamu zvishanu uye miviri mumaruwa. The Astrakhan Cossack mauto vamapoka maviri, rine misha 13, uye nemisha chikwata. Uwandu vagari aiva zvinopfuura miriyoni. On mundima dunhu kwayo vakavhura machechi 167, 4 dzemamongi Orthodox.

Province iri XIX-XX emakore

Astrakhan norunyoro remakore rechi19 akaramba kuchinja kwayo, zvisinei, havana sezvinoita ari XVIII remakore. Muna 1832, pashure zvikuru nokubatanidzwazve Astrakhan mudunhu uye Caucasus vakatsaurwa zvachose. Kumusoro ikamira magavhuna maviri - rehurumende uye zvechiuto. Unorema kwokushanduka kwakanga kwakakwana. Akaramba Colonisation yacho nharaunda.

Recent miganhu kuchinja kwakaitika pakutanga XX. Muna 1917, Shona inowanzorimwa yakanga kurongwazve kupinda achangobva akasika Bukeyev mudunhu uye mumaruwa Tsarovsky uye Chernoyarsky vakabatanawo Tsaritsyn province. Muna 1925 aparadza mumaruwa nemaruwa 12 aumba.