Ano: tsanangudzo pfupi

Kuvamba dzazvino kunobva 20 remakore fung. nguva ino, maererano dzakawanda dzekare, mumwe kupfuura dzichipesana.

Vhuṱanzi

Nokuti nyika dzakawanda, chidimbu ichi rava mhando pakachinja. Nhoroondo dzazvino anoratidza rusununguko yenyika uye munzanga chimurenga, kuti chidzoke idzva inoti kubva pokuwa yaitonga umambo. Uyezve, munguva ino wakapfuura zvakaoma basa kuchinja mamiriro pamutemo uye magariro. mugovanisi mamiriro yakabuda mune dzimwe nyika. Vezvenhau zvaizobatsira ichi remakore sezvo utsinye sezvo kunoratidzwa vemunzvimbo, vanhuwo zvavo vakawanda uye muhondo mbiri dzenyika. Pakati nyika zhinji nyika kwenguva refu nguva aine vamwe aloofness imwe yakasiyana kurongeka: kwemadzinza, chitendero, pfungwa. Izvi kunonyanya kukonzerwa asiri kufanana mumagakava, upfumi uye nhoroondo kwemashoko ehurumende. Kunyanya kuratidzwa zvakajeka noushamwari pakati inoti ari capitalist uye mugovanisi musasa. Munguva ichangopfuura isu akaumba uye zvishoma zvichengeteke kunyange nhasi vemauto dzakabatana kuti yacho zvinhu dzakawanda. The ukama pakati dzakabudirira mune zvoupfumi uye vaimbova kubatsirwa uye ichitongwa inoti dzinoratidzwa sezvo chakasimba uye zvakakwana yakavhenganiswa.

Development kunyika ano

Pasinei nezvimwe volatility mune dzakawanda ukama, mumwe convergence kunyika pamwe nehasha chete nenhanho kukura enyika uye zvoupfumi. By yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20 ndipo kusangana pamusoro remunharaunda munharaunda yacho. Panyaya iyi, zvinogona yakabviswa pakati songaniro ramangwana. The kupfuura unoshamisa Muenzaniso kusangana kwakadaro anonzi achiumba EU. , Legal enyika gadziriro dzakawanda kuchinja azvaiitwa ndavhiyiwa kuchinja kunokosha zvikuru uye kakawanda zvikuru nharo. Nhoroondo Kugadzirwa vazhinji vavo yakanga izere dzakaoma ezvinhu, inenge kunzvenganzvenga kana kutadza.

The chikuru mirayiridzo okukura kunyika

Pakazopera zana remakore rechi20 rakanga pachena zvose zvisingadzivisiki kusarudza kuDemocratic nzira munyika. Nei izvi zvichiitika? Rinozivisa akawanda nhungamiro pamusoro pokumuka rinoti munguva dzazvino. Periodization acho anosanganisira anotevera: dzidziso kubva kunyika sunungukei gutsaruzhinji, paumbwe evanhu mamiriro, kwekanguva pakagadzwa ive nehurumende anomanikidza (imwe mienzaniso yakanakisisa ndiyo kweNazi muGermany), paumbwe mugovanisi wehurumende, uye yakasiyana yekudyidzana kubva vaNazi uye kubva worupo hweruzhinji.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20 akacherekedza zvakasimba kuzvipira zvakakwana kuna democratization. Zvino chikuru liberalism kukwanisa chete dzenhoroondo chimiro kugadzirisa zvakawanda pakunamata, mutsika, upfumi uye zvinetso.

democratization zvabuda

Nyika dzakawanda pakupedzisira vakakwanisa kukurira vachiri elitist liberalism. Saka, ichangobva nguva aizivikanwa pakatanga zvakaenzana yezvisikwa suffrage, pakusikwa mitemo inodzivirira vamwe munzanga uye basa kodzero vemo. In nedanho sunungukei gutsaruzhinji iri kurasikirwa basa rayo kudzivirira uye kwete kupindira zvoupfumi ukama. Zvino mamiriro iri, kanenge zvishomanana, kupindira mune ukama edzimba pfuma, vakaomerwa navo nyasha zvinonakisa zvido. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona kuti zvishoma nezvishoma Implementation pamusoro murau kuronga imwe musika upfumi. Somugumisiro azvaiitwa zvose zvikuru hwakavandudzika yepamutemo uye mari nzvimbo huru akaturikidzana vemunyika.

Europe munguva dzazvino

Chido inotaura kuti kukura zvakaita kuti kumhanyisa ari kumhanya upenyu, nokuputsa tsika yechinyakare. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi20 rakanga raidudzwa mberi midziyo kuvakwa nokuda kugadzirisa mumaguta. Izvi zvinodiwa nokukurumidza kukura indasitiri, kukura vemo. Technical kukura kwakaita upenyu hwemazuva ano inoti European kwakasiyana chii yakanga yapfuura eras. Human mabasa vari kuwedzera nezvezvandaifanira vakawanda, kure udyire. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvakaitika pashure peHondo Yenyika II zvinofungidzirwa zvikuru zvakawanda. Saka, somuenzaniso, kuEastern Europe kuchinja, maererano vamwe vanyori, haana kunokonzerwa munyika 'zvavanoda, uye kusvika pamwero rakafuridzirwa simba dzakavakidzana. Zvisinei, kuenda democratization pakati Construction Committee Hurumende wechokwadi akaratidzwa kugovera zvakakodzera unhu upenyu vagari, kudzivirirwa chairo kodzero uye rusununguko vanhu.

mhedziso

Munguva ichangopfuura chokwadi sunungukei gutsaruzhinji yakanga akafukunurwa Russia, mativi aro ose (zvose akaipa uye zvakanaka). Panyaya iyi, muna ano sangano kune democratization wakasimbisa chivimbo kudiwa rinokosha kutaura kuti hurumende uye zviri pamutemo masangano. Kana ichi hazvibvumirwi zvokuimba kungatonziwo wokumwe ruzivo. Tikafunga kukura okuti kunoitika misoro kunzwisisa kudiwa kunzwisisa zvakadzama uye kufungisisa nhoroondo rwacho, pamutemo uye zveupfumi nheyo kuti asangane zvido vagari. Kunyatsoongorora statehood nhoroondo anokubvumira kuona zvinofanira vasara kare, uye chii unofanira kudzidza uye kukura.