Cold Wind yeWestern Winds

Inenge 70% yepasi pose inobatwa nemvura yeNyika Ocean. Vanoramba vachifambisa pasi pesimba rekugara kwenguva refu kana kwenguva pfupi yezvitsva zvakasiyana-siyana. Kufamba kwakadaro kwemvura yakawanda ine simba rose pasi pemamiriro okunze mune imwe nzvimbo yakapiwa yenyika uye pasi pemamiriro ekunze kwepasi rose. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwenyika, simba iri rinoshandiswa nemhepo ine simba inotonhora, inonzi inhasi yemhepo yekuMadokero.

Zvinokonzera maruva emvura

Mvura yeWorld Ocean munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana yenyika inosiyana nekupisa, kuwanda, salin, ruvara uye haigoni kumira mumuviri mumwechete. Kubviswa kwaro kunowanzokonzerwa nekuita pamwe chete kwemauto mashoma anoita zvakasiyana pane zvakadzika zvakasiyana.

Pamusoro pegungwa, chinhu chinokosha pakuumbwa kwemhepo kune mhepo ine simba. Mhepo dzekutengeserana dzine nhungamiro dzinogara dziripo dzinonzi chikonzero chikuru chekuumbwa kwemitsara miviri mikuru inoramba ichichengetedza mazano kwenguva refu: Nenyuchi nekumaodzanyemba equatorial currents. Vanopinza mvura kumavirira kumadokero kweAtlantic nePacific, apo, zvichienderana nehupenyu hweakondinendi, kuparadzaniswa kwakasiyana kunoitwa. Kune mhirizhonga inotsigira kusanganisira mhepo inonzi monsoon ichivhuvhuta muzhizha kubva kugungwa kuenda kune imwe nyika, uye munguva yechando - pane zvinopesana.

Yakadziya uye inotonhora

Nyika yegungwa ndeyepasi rose air conditioner yenyika, iyo ine mitemo yakawanda yekushisa. Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandura kwemvura inosiyanisa pakati pemhepo inodziya uye inotonhora. Icho kutonhora kwegungwa kuyerera hakusi zvachose, asi chiyero. Kushamwaridzana kunogadzira nzvimbo yakanotonhora, uye kunotonhora-kunokwira mumvura yakanyorova yakadzika uye mumamiriro ekunze anonyanya kupisa.

Kazhinji kacho ikozvino inotungamirirwa kubva kuEricator, kubva kumusoro yakakwirira kusvika kune yakaderera, inodziya. Kana rukova rukabva kumaodzanyemba kana kuchamhembe kweEquator uye inotakura mvura kubva kunzvimbo inotonhorera, zvino inotonhora.

Kuwirirana kwehutano hwekushisa kwemvura inoyerera kunoonekwa pamuenzaniso wemiromo miviri yeoceanic iri panzvimbo dzakatarisana dzepasi. Gulf Stream - gungwa rakakurumbira kupfuura ikozvino riri kuumba mamiriro okunze muNorth Hemisphere, ine kutonhorera kwemvura mukati ma4-6 ° C uye rinoreva kutonhora, kunopisa kunoshambidza mabheji. Iko kunotyisa kwemazuva ano ndiBengelskoe - imwe yematavi ezvino maWestern winds. Kunze kweCape of Good Hope, inotakura mvura inopisa kusvika 20 ° C.

Panzvimbo yeAntarctic

Mafambiro makuru emvura munzvimbo dzepakati dzemaodzanyemba kweSouth Hemisphere ndeye simba pane rose panyika. Dzinoumba Antarctic circumpolar (chiLatin circum-round + polaris-polar) ikozvino, inopoteredza pasi rose pasi rose kubva kumadokero kusvika kumabvazuva. Iyo yakanyanya kupisa kwemazuva ano ndiyo yekuzadza kukuru kwekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yakasarudzwa - Southern Ocean, yakaumbwa nemvura yePacific, Indian uye Atlantic Oceans, iyo inoshambidza Antarctica.

Pakati pemhenderekedzo yekondinendi yechitanhatu, pamwe ne 55 ° kumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba, muganhu wekumaodzanyemba kwemuganhu uyu unopfuura, uye kuchamhembe kunogara pamwe chete nemakore makumi mana. Pakatarisana nekunaya kwemahombekombe egungwa kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadzika nechokumaodzanyemba uye nechokumaodzanyemba kwemahombekombe egungwa, mhepo yakasimba yekumaodzanyemba kwenyika inoberekwa.

Forties roaring

Iri ndiro rimwe zita riri pasi pano munguva yemhepo yekuMadokero.

Nzira iyo iyo yakawanda inotonhora iripo inoyerera inopiwa mazita akawanda anodarika. Iko "kutinhira" kwemazana kwakakombwa ne "kuchema" uye "zvechisimba" makumi mashanu uye "kurova" makumi matanhatu. Nhamba yepamhepo inokurumidza kusvika munzvimbo iyi i7-13 m / s. Panhamba yeBeaufort, iyi mhepo inonzi yakachena uye yakasimba, uye dutu uye dutu rine simba (25 m / s) chinhu chinowanzoitika.

Iko kune simba rakasviba rinopisa, risingasangana nechigadziro chepasi, mhepo yakasimba uye yekusingaperi yemhepo yakagadzira nzira idzi shoma kupfuura dzose dzezvikepe. Pano paiva ne "clipper route", yakatumidzwa saizvozvo nemhando yezvikepe zvakakosha zvekuendesa mberi kwezvinhu zvakakosha kubva kune India neChina kuenda kuEurope. Izwi rakakurumbira rokuti "chai" clipper rakagadziriswa zvakadzama majeka muzana remakore gumi nemasere neregumi nemapfumbamwe, kana vakakwanisa kuputira nechekumaodzanyemba kweAfrica neSouth America.

Kureba, kureba, kukurumidza kwekuyerera

Gungwa riripo reMhepo inobva Kumadokero rine urefu hwemakiromita 30 000 uye upamhi hwemakiromita 1 000 ine simba (kutumbuka kwemvura) ye 125-150 Sv (Swedes), kureva, mune yechipiri kuyerera kunotakura kusvika ku 150 000 cubic mamita emvura. Izvi zvakaenzana nesimba iro Gulf Stream rine mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Ikozvino kuitika mukati memvura yakadzika emvura yegungwa kunobva kubva ku 0.4 kusvika ku 0.9 km / h, pakadzika-kusvika ku 0.4 km / h.

Ichando chemvura yeAntarctic circumpolar ikozvino yakasiyana mumatavi awo makuru pane ari mumakungwa matatu akasiyana. Nzira yemhepo yekuMadokero inosanganisira:

• Falkland uye Bengal ikozvino muAtlantic.
• West Australian - muIndia Ocean.
• Pacific Peruvian Current.

Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwemazuva ano, chikamu chepamusoro chemvura yacho ine kutonhora kwe-1-2 ° C, kumucheto wokuchamhembe chiri 12-15 ° C.

Pasi uye mukati

Nyika yegungwa inhengo imwe chete. Iyo yakasimbiswa kuti mukati megungwa huwandu hwemvura huri mukufamba nguva dzose. Mafambiro akareba anowedzera kubhururuka kana zvishoma zvishoma kana kuti zvakanyanya kupisa zvikamu zvinokwira kumusoro. Kudzidza kwepakutanga kusingaoneki kwakadzika kwemvura inoenderera mberi, iyo inowanzotarisana nechepamusoro pemvura inoyerera.

Muna 2010, masayendisiti eJapan akawana simba rakadzika iri kubva kumhenderekedzo yeAntarctica, mudunhu reAdelie Land. MuGungwa reRoss, mvura inoyerera ichibva kumvura inopisa, ichiita mamiriyoni 30 m ³ / s pakadzika mamita 3000 mamita. Iko kumhanya ikozvino 0.7 km / h uye kutonhorera kwemvura pane + 0,2 ° C. Iyi ndiyo inotonhora yakawanda muSouth Sea.