Kuongorora kwendima ye "Listok": mufananidzo mumabasa evanyori vakasiyana

Mifananidzo yemashizha inowanzowanikwa mumutauro weRussia uye wokune dzimwe nyika. Vanyori vazhinji nevanyori vekutenderera vanotendeukira kwaari. Zvisinei, nguva imwe neimwe chiratidzo ichi chine chinangwa chaicho. Chinyiko - shati - mumabasa evarongi veRussia? Kuongororwa kwenhetembo "Listok" kuchabatsira kunzwisisa nyaya yacho.

"Leaf" naMu Yu Lermontov

Basa racho rakanyorwa muna 1841, panguva chaiyo yeLermontov kudzokera kuCaucasus mushure mekuenda kwake muSt. Petersburg. Nguva yekupedzisira yekugadzirisa inokanganisa nhetembo dzemudetembi: vanova chiratidzo chekufungisisazve hupenyu hwomunyori.

Mune nhetembo, mufananidzo webhizha unoonekwa sechiratidzo cheumwe munhu, asingagariki (iro raive rakajairika mumabhuku ekunze panguva iyoyo). Kuongororwa kwenhetembo "Leaf" neLermontov hakufungidziki pasina kutsanangura musoro wayo. Musoro mukuru webasa iri refilosofi nderokutsvaga mweya wega wekona yakanyarara munyika ino ine mhepo. Nhetembo iyi ndeye autobiographical. Izvi zvinoratidzirwa nechokuti mashizha anotungamirirwa kumaodzanyemba (nokuti munyori uyu ndiye Caucasus anodikamwa), uye kuti iye anofanira kutenderera pasi kwete ega pachake.

Nzira yekuziva sei rudzi rwebasa iri? Sezvo zvichinyatsoratidza zvinangwa zvehupenyu hwemunyori uye weheyori hero (izvi zvinoshungurudza uye kusurukirwa), munhu anogona kutaura kuti vaverengi vane masimba.

Kuumbwa kwendembo "Listok" naMu Yu Lermontov

Kuumbwa kwebasa iri nyore - yakavakirwa pane kushorwa. Kune mumwe nemumwe pano panosiyana mapepa emiti yemapane uye ooki. Kuongororwa kwenhetembo "Listok" Lermontov inoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva kuti kugamuchirwa kwevhiringidzi kunowedzera kukakavadzana kwemifananidzo. Ikoki iri yakatsvuka uye yakasviba, uye muti wendiza uri mutema uye wakachena, mashizha emuouki inodzungaira, uye muti weplane unowedzera. Mashizha emuti weplanesheni ane ushamwari nenyika, uye muouki hauoni hukama mune chimwe chinhu.

Pakupedzisira kwebasa iri kupedzisira kupedzisira kwetariro huru yemhare yekuwana mufaro nerugare munyika chaiye. Inokurudzirwa nenzwi redambudziko uye chokwadi chokuti shoko rekupedzisira rechinarasi rinosiya riri shure kwayo.

Nhetembo yekupedzisira yakazaruka. Asi hazvidziviriri kunzwa mukati maro zvinodzokorora kuputsika kwetariro yekufara. Zvingangodaro, iyo hero inotongerwa rufu kana kuti kushamisika kunoshamisa kubva kure nemusha. Kurwisana kwekutenda muroto uye chokwadi chiri munhetembo inoratidza manzwiro omunyori wenhema pachake.

Kuongorora nhetembo yaDavydov "Listok"

Denis Davydov haasi murondedzeri akadaro anozivikanwa saM. Yu Lermontov, asi akakwanisa kuita mupiro unooneka kumabhuku eRussia. Nhetembo inonzi "Leaf" yakanyora muhukuru hwehupenyu uye nzira yekusika. Basa iri rakfupi - mitsetse 14 chete, asi munyori akavhara zvinoreva zvakadzama mazviri. Kuongororwa kwenhetembo "Listok" naD. D. Davydov haigoni kubatwa, kana iwe usingarevi zvinyorwa zvakadaro: munyori akashandisa iambic ine mavara mana uye yakasiyana-siyana rhyme.

Basa iri risina njere, risingagoni kutaurwa pamusoro peLermontov's Leaflet. Icho chiri chikumbiro chemunyori kune pepa uye mhinduro yacho. Kuparadzanisa nzira dzechimiro yerimwe nhetembo, munhu haagoni kubatsira kubvuma kukwidza kwomunyori kare. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nemutsara we "Boreas play". Nheyo huru yemurondedzero ndiro simba redombo pamusoro pevanhu.

Kuongororwa kwaZhukovsky nhetembo "Listok"

Basa racho rakanyorwa mune rimwe zuva rebasa redetembi, muna 1818. Mukududzirwa kwemabhuku echiRussia zvachose, nhetembo iyi yakaita basa rinokosha.

Muna 1817, Zhukovsky akapona mumuchato waMr Protasova, uye izvi hazvigoni asi zvinoshandura basa rake. Dhiyabhorosi uye kuora mwoyo muhupenyu hwake hunoonekwa mumusoro we nhetembo "Leaf". Pfungwa huru ndeyiyi: munhu anobva pane zvinodiwa zvekuguma. Haakwanisi kugadziriswa "pano", mufaro wake uripo, "apo zvinhu zviri munyika zvinotsvaka." Nhetembo yose yakagadzirwa pamusoro pekupikisa: girasi roga roga uye bazi rebonde. Iyo hero inonakidza, ichiona gwenzi rinotenderera, rinoziva kuti hupenyu hwake husiri hutsinye. Kuongororwa kwenhetembo "Listok" inoita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa kuti pakati pebasa - chiitiko chegamba. Anovanza njodzi mumoyo make, ane shungu uye anochema.

Nhetembo yemutauro weZimkovsky nhetembo

Zvose zvishandiso zvemutauro zve nhetembo iyi zvinoshanda pakuzarurirwa kwechimiro chinyararire. Inowanikwa zvinonzwika. Mhedzisiro yakadaro inogadziriswa kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzevheekeri dzakanzwika: "o", "a", "y". Zhukovsky nounyanzvi anoshandisa mibvunzo yehutori uye madhishi. Nokuda kwekuti basa racho harina kugoverwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, rinoverengwa mumhepo imwechete uye rinonzwisiswa nenzwi rimwe uye semantic flow.

Munyori akanyora nhetembo ine ietameter iambic, yakakurumbira panguva iyoyo, uye yakashandisa marudzi akasiyana emiromo.

Sheet mubasa raF tyutchev

Muna 1830, Fyodor Tyutchev akanyora nhetembo "Mashizha", achitaura nezvekutanga kwebasa rake. Mitsara yekutanga yebasa inoratidza kuti tine mamiriro ezvinhu akareruka, asi izvi hazvisi izvo, uye kuongorora hurukuro inobatsira kuongorora nhetembo. Tyutchev anofananidza mashizha nemurume. Izvi zvatova mune chikamu chechipiri chebasa. Icho chikuru chekugadzira chigadzirwa pano ndechekuenzanisa. Munhu akafanana nehizha, uye nguva yekuchinja kwemwaka wegore ndeyekuyeuchidza kwehupenyu hwehupenyu. Fedor Tyutchev panguva yekunyora nhetembo yaingova nemakore gumi nemashanu chete, uye haana kutenda muhukuru hwekukura uye kusakanganiswa kweiyo. Iyi nheyo yakazara nemitsetse. Munyori anoyeuka kuti hupenyu huri nguva, uye mumwe anofanirwa kufara mumazuva ose. Pane imwe nguva, zvose zvinogona kuguma, uye munhu achawira pasi, semashizha echitsvuku shrunken.

Kuongororwa kwenhetembo "Listok" nevanyori vakasiyana-siyana inoita kuti zvive pachena kuti pfungwa huru nemitauro, zvinyorwa zvinoratidza uye zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvakasiyana, pane chimwe chinhu chakafanana. Shizha racho rinowanzosangana nekutambura, kusurukirwa uye kusadzivirirwa kwezvakaipa.