Era - nguva emunhu. Ndezvipi zera wenyika?

Vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa shoko rokuti "nguva", kunyanya pasina kufunga nezvachinoreva. "Victorian nguva", "kweSoviet", "Renaissance" - iro chaizvoizvo chinorehwa izvi mitsara, vourawa nguva pfupi, saka inowanzoshandiswa dzakaitika, vazivi, vanochera matongo uye vamwe vatsvakurudzi?

Tsanangudzo "ichikosha"

Ichikosha - anosiiwa ushe pamusoro nguva dzakabatana. Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi ndizvo gore, gumi, remakore kana chemakore. Paraiitwa ingapedza narini munguva, dzimwe nguva zvinotora makore akawanda, dzimwe nguva zvemakore. Zvose zvinoenderana mwero uye kumhanya kugadzira vanhu. Ichikosha - ndiro chairema nayo periodization nhau muitiro. Izwi riri sevanhu yakananga unhu panguva kukura vanhu.

Periodization pakati kukura vanhu

Historical ichikosha - vanzwisise kwouzivi inomiririra ukuru yebudiriro, vanhu achichinja mumwe pamwero yetsika, zviripo uye magariro kukura, vanokwira kuna soro padanho. Vazivi uye Vanyori dzakasiyana vakaedza kugadzirisa dambanemazwi uye kuumba chete akarurama periodization. Kuti aite izvi, masayendisiti vakatora mumwe nguva nhoroondo akadzidza zvakaitika mumazuva iwayo, panguva ipi pamwero okukura paiva vanhu, uye ipapo isu zvabatanidzwa navo. Somuenzaniso, paraiitwa zvenyika yekare - zviri muuranda, imwe nguva itsva - capitalism, etc.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vamwe vanyori venhau vane periodization pakukura kwevanhu, uye ivo vose inosanganisira dzakasiyana nguva mapuranga. The inonyanya kutozopesanisa kare, kuMiddle Ages, imwe nguva itsva. mubvunzo uyu anoramba rakavhurika kusvikira ikozvino, nekuti masayendisiti haasati asvika nekubvirana. Weboka munhoroondo yenyika kubudikidza nguva zvakawanda.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo kupatsanura nhoroondo

Nguva nyika - nguva nguva dzinounzwa maererano zvimwe zvinodiwa. Zvichida kare vakasvika chibvumirano, kana kuongororwa kukura kwenzanga rimwe tsananguro. Uye sezvo pasina kwekuti sei chaizvo kugoverana nyaya chii mavambo. Vamwe vanotora sepokutangira vanhu Maonero yacho, mumwe - padanho kukura mauto zvibereko, vamwe kuva nguva, achisarudza mwero rigidities kana rusununguko wacho.

Pakupedzisira, dzakawanda Vanyori vakabvumirana kuti munguva - a muzvigadzirwa padanho kukura vanhu. nguva kwakadaro munhau vaiva vashoma, uye vari akakamurwa pakati muzvigadzirwa chimurenga. The yakanakisisa pfungwa kurwa zvakaoma kufunga chii mumatanho vanhu yakatotanga akapfuura, uye izvo iye asi kuti zviitike.

Main ichikosha nhoroondo yenyika

Masayendisiti ziva mana makuru epochs okukura nzanga: yacho zvekare, agrarian, maindasitiri uye post-maindasitiri. Wokutanga kumwedzi zvinoreva VIII - VI CC. BC Zvekare nguva kunoratidzwa chinokosha budiriro vanhu mberi, kuchinja pezvakaita vanhu, ivo kwaita nheyo statehood, hombe wevanotungamirira pakaitika. Munguva iyi raibudirira urbanization, vanhu vakawanda vaigara mumaguta. Uyewo, pane zvave zvinokosha kuchinja zvehondo.

Agrarian nguva inowira pasi V-IV emakore. BC Society kubva chinyakare zvaiita anoenda agrarian-enyika. Panguva iyi, kwaiva yakawanda ukuru, ushe uye umambo pamwe centralized utariri. Paiva weboka vabatire anofudza, zvokurima uye ndege. Nguva iyi kunoratidzwa zvokurima kugadzirwa nzira.

On the maindasitiri yaitonga (XVIII - .. 1st yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri) yakaitika rose kuchinja socio-kwoupfumi, zviripo uye enyika. Asi, mafekitari vaiva mafekitari, kureva remaoko chikatsiviwa michina. Somugumisiro rakawedzerwa basa musika, kuwedzera negoho, ruzivo simba urbanization. The post-maindasitiri nguva rakatanga yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, inonzi "nguva pasina mitemo." Dzinoratidzwa kukurumidza kukura zviitiko, ari kushandisa michina inoshandiswa. Era akatanga kuchinja munyaya zvose zvoupenyu, hazvina richiri kuitwa.