Mozart: pasi. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: okugadzira zvinhu

The hunoshamisa yeAustria wenziyo V. A. Motsart ndomumwe vamiririri pakati dzenhoroondo Viennese chikoro. chipo chake wakaratidzwa muduku. Mumabasa Mozart vanonzwawo kupangidza pfungwa racho "Sturm and Drang" uye Germany Kujekerwa. Mimhanzi, akaita mifananidzo zvakaitika zvakasiyana tsika uye zvikoro zvenyika. Yakakurumbira mabasa Mozart, ndandanda riri hombe, vakatora nzvimbo yavo munhoroondo mumhanzi. Iye akanyorwa operas anopfuura makumi maviri, symphonies makumi mana nerimwe, concertos nhumbi dzakasiyana-siyana kwaya, mukamuri mumhanzi uye piyano mabasa.

Brief ruzivo pamusoro wenziyo

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (yeAustria munyori) akaberekwa musi 01.27.1756, yakaisvonaka taundi Salzburg. Kuwedzera kunyora? aiva shasha harpsichordist, kondakita, organist uye gitare virtuoso. Aiwana Mhedziso nzeve mimhanzi, Dete kuyeuka uye chido nokuda improvisation. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ndeimwe makuru Vanyori , kwete chete yake nguva, asiwo chipo. shasha yake zvinoratidzwa nemabasa akanyorwa zvakasiyana siyana uye Genres. Works of Mozart yakakurumbira kudaro kure. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti munyori aiva "nomuedzo nguva." zita rake kazhinji kutaurwa chete mweya pamwe Haydn uye Beethoven, somumiririri Viennese Classicism.

Biography uye rokusika nzira. Makore 1756-1780 oupenyu

Mozart akaberekwa musi waJanuary 27, 1756. Nyora vakava mangwanani, vakapoteredza makore matatu. Yokutanga mudzidzisi mumhanzi aiva baba vake. Muna 1762 akaenda baba vake uye hanzvadzi hombe zvinoyevedza rwendo kumaguta yakasiyana Germany, England, France, Switzerland, Netherlands. Panguva ino mabasa Mozart rokutanga. List kuti zvishoma nezvishoma richikura. Sezvo 1763 ava vaigara Paris. Anosika Sonatas nokuti Violin uye Harpsichord. Munguva 1766-1769 hwevana vari Salzburg uye Vienna. Nomufaro Kunyudzwa kudzidza nziyo dzose vatenzi kukuru. Pakati pavo, Handel, Durante, Carissimi, Stradella nevamwe vazhinji. Muna 1770-1774 gg. It iri kunyanya Italy. Akasangana yakakurumbira panguva munyori - Joseph Mysliveček, vane simba kunogona kurondwa mune ramangwana basa Wolfgang Amadeus. Mumakore 1775-1780 nzendo kuna Munich, Paris uye Mannheim. Kuitirwa matambudziko zvemari. mai kunyimwa. In iyi mabasa mazhinji yakanyorwa Mozart. Zvinyore iri rakakura. Ivo:

• Concerto nokuti senyere uye nembira;
• Six kiibhodhi sonatas;
• anoverengeka choruses zvokunamata;
• Symphony 31 D rakakura tonality, iro rinozivikanwa sezvo Paris;
• gumi kutamba makamuri nezvimwe pamakwara zhinji.

Biography uye rokusika nzira. Makore 1779-1791 oupenyu

Muna 1779, kushanda Salzburg mudare organist. Muna 1781 muMunich achibudirira zvikuru kuratidzwa kwe dhanzi ake "Idomeneo". Iri raiva chijana mutsva njodzi rokusika unhu. Ipapo mupenyu muVienna. Muna 1783 akaroora Constanze Weber. Panguva iyi, enda operas akashata Mozart. Zvinyore hakusi kukuru. dhanzi ichi L'oca Del Cairo uye Lo sposo deluso, zvakasara konekwa. Muna 1786 akanyora rakanakisisa "Le Nozze od Figaro" pamusoro libretto kubudikidza naLorenzo Da Ponte. Rakanga kufanorongwa muVienna uye rakabudirira. Vakawanda vaidavira kuti ichi ndicho yakanakisisa Mozart kuti dhanzi. Muna 1787 akabudisa hapana zvishoma kubudirira dhanzi, rinova akasikwa pamwe chete naLorenzo Da Ponte. Ndicho "Don Giovanni". Panguva iyoyo akanga akagadzwa "Imperial uye youmambo kamuri muimbi". Yaakanga akabhadhara 800 florins. Akanyora nokupembera pamusoro masques uye enyambo dhanzi. In May 1791 Mozart akatora pambiru mutevedzeri kondakita pamusoro Cathedral St. kwaStefani Cathedral. Iye haana akabhadhara, asi mukana afa Leopold Hoffman (akanga achirwara kwazvo) atore nzvimbo yake. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuitika. Muna December 1791 mumwe munyori shasha akafa. Pane shanduro mbiri chikonzero rufu rwake. Chokutanga sequelae chirwere rheumatic nefivhiri. Chechipiri shanduro rakafanana ngano, asi chinotsigirwa musicologists zhinji. Munyori uyu Salieri chepfu Mozart.

Basic Mozart. mazita mabasa

Opera - mumwe chikuru Genres basa rake. Ane chikoro dhanzi zingshpili, Opera seria uye buffa, uyewo dhanzi kukuru. Kubva chinyoreso kubva zvinoriumba:

• chikoro dhanzi: "Kushandurwa Hyacinth," inonziwo "Apollo uye Hyacinth";
• Opera seria "Idomeneo" ( "Eriya Idamante"), "La Clemenza od Tito", "mitridate";
• Opera buffa "La Finta Giardiniera", "munyengeri Chikomba", "The Kuroorana Figaro," "Vose vari," "Cairo hanzi", "Don Giovanni", "unyengeri simpleton";
• zingshpili "Bastien and Bastienne", "Zayed", "The Mabhande kubva Seraglio";
• Grand Opera "dhanzi The Mashiripiti nyere";
• pantomime kutamba "Knick-knacks";
• Misa: 1768-1780, yakatangwa Salzburg, Munich uye Vienna;
• Requiem (1791);
• Oratorio "Paakasunungurwa Vetuliya";
• cantata "penitent David," "Mufaro navavaki," "Iwe, mweya wezvose," "Little Masonic Cantata".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Anoshandira boka revaimbi

Mabasa Mozart kuti kwaya yakarova saizi yayo. Ivo:

• nezvimwe;
• Concerts uye Rondo nokuda Piano uye Orchestra nokuda gitare uye boka revaimbi;
• Concerto nokuti Violins vaviri uye Orchestra mu kiyi C guru, nokuti gitare, Viola uye mumhanzi, kuti nenyere uye chikwata iri kiyi G guru, nokuti oboe, klarinetti uye kwaya, Bassoon, Horn nomutopota nembira (C zvikuru );
• Concerto nokuti Pianos vaviri uye Orchestra (E sandara makuru) uye nhatu (F chikuru);
• Divertimenti uye Serenades nokuda kwaya, tambo, mhepo Ensemble.

Zvidimbu nokuti boka revaimbi uye Ensemble

Vazhinji rakanyorwa kwaya uye Ensemble Mozart. Famous mabasa:

• Galimathias musicum (1766);
• Maurerische Trauermusik (1785);
• A musikalischer Spa (1787);
• Anofamba (vamwe vavo akabatana Serenade);
• vachitamba (nyika vachitamba, Ländlers, minuets);
• chechi sonatas, quartets, quintets, trios, duets uye zvakasiyana.

Keyboard (Piano)

Musical mabasa Mozart nokuda chokushandisa ichi kwakakurumbira chaizvo pakati pianists. Ivo:

• Sonata 1774 - C chikuru (K 279), F chikuru (K 280), G chikuru (K 283); 1775 G. - D makuru (K 284); 1777 - C chikuru (K 309), D chikuru (K 311); 1778 G. - Minor (R 310) C chikuru (K 330) Chinhu chikuru (331 K), F chikuru (332 K), Cũ sandara makuru (K 333); 1784 - C Minor (K 457); 1788 - F chikuru (K 533), C chikuru (K 545);
• Gumi Variations zvinogara (1766-1791);
• Rondo (1786, 1787);
• zvounzenza (1782, 1785);
• siyana zvidimbu.

Symphony № 40 ne WA Mozart

symphonies Mozart kwakaita vakasikwa kubva 1764 kusvika 1788. The okupedzisira matatu vava kubudirira mukuru Genre ichi. Total Wolfgang akanyora 50 symphonies. Asi vakaverengwa mudzimba musicology ichaongororwa okupedzisira 41 Symphony ( "Jupiter").

The yakanakisisa symphonies pamusoro Mozart (№ 39-41) vari zvisikwa nemamwe kuti hazvigoni kuti zviiswe apo achitaipa. In nomumwe wavo rine vangasimudzira itsva hwokudhirowa pfungwa.

Symphony nhamba 40 ndiro basa zvikuru nevanhu pamusoro Genre. The mugove wokutanga anotanga vashatirwa mutinhimira violins mubvunzo-mhinduro mamiriro. Home Party anoyeuchidza Cherubino kuti aria kubva dhanzi "The Kuroorana Figaro." Secondary dingindira iri lyrical uye kuora mwoyo, chikuru musiyano. Development anotanga zvishoma rwiyo bassoons. Kune rima uye dzokuchema matauriro. Rinotanga kunoshamisa chiito. Reprise anotowedzera kumukomborera ari voltage.

Chikamu chechipiri hunodzorwa vakadzikama uye kufungisisa kumunetsawo. Rinoshandiswawo sonata fomu. Nziyo dingindira guru violas, ipapo vakanonga wake gitare. Chechipiri nyaya yakafanana "anopapamisa".

Wechitatu - munhu akanyarara, munyoro uye kunonakidza. Development zvinotisvitsa shure kune vashatirwa mwoyo, kufunganya anooneka. Reprise - iri zvakare rakajeka pfungwa. Chikamu chechitatu - Zvisinei minuet pamwe zvinhu kufora, muna uwandu-nepedyo matatu. Musoro - noushingi uye kutsunga. It rinoitwa gitare uye nenyere. The nevatatu ngapaonekwe inzwi segirazi evafundisi.

Kufambira kuguma mberi zvinoshamisa kukura, richisvika yakakwirira kwayo - mugumo. Kufunganya uye mufaro kuri muzvikamu zvose chikamu chechina. Uye chete okupedzisira mbariro vari diki mutsara.

V. A. Motsart aiva shasha harpsichordist, kondakita, organist uye gitare virtuoso. Aiwana Mhedziso nzeve mimhanzi, Dete kuyeuka uye chido nokuda improvisation. kwazvo mabasa ake vakatora nzvimbo yavo munhoroondo mumhanzi.