Kupi uye sei kukura maonde?

Maonde - dangwe achitsva chirimwa ane guru yakasiyana uye anobatsira zvivako, izvo zvisiri undervalued. The zita echiLatin mutsika kungova genus Ficus (Ficus rokuti carica). Plants munyika dzakasiyana inonzi muonde, maonde kana muonde. Wide kukurumbira yava kubva kare. Maererano nedzimwe kududzirwa the Old Testament, kureva maonde vakaravira Adhamu naEvha muchero wakarambidzwa.

Vazhinji zita muchero ajaira, asi vashoma vanoziva pamusoro zvinobatsira zvivako uye zvimwe zvinhu zvechadenga mukuru Horticultural zvirimwa, kusanganisira apo, kukura maonde. Photos uye tsananguro pfupi pazasi hachizoswederi kuzivisa zvose zvinofadza uye anokosha ruzivo.

Useful ehupfumi

Maonde, nemhaka rinobatsira ehupfumi ririmo, runoonekwa imwe yenzvimbo zvinovaka zvibereko. Haasi utano, asi pane dzimwe contraindications kuti kushandiswa kwayo Somuenzaniso, vanhu vane gout uye zvirwere nemudumbu chibereko ichi asingagoni. Dried michero hadzina varumbidzwa kushandisa panguva pamuviri, chirwere cheshuga mellitus. The zvazvingava zuva nezuva hwakanaka munhu - 3-4 michero.

Maonde anobatsira yakachena uye waoma chimiro kuti kudzivirira zvirwere zvakawanda uye noutano hwakanaka. Mukurapa, zvibereko pamuonde rinoshandiswa senzira:

• antibacterial;
• ronda kupodzwa;
• antiparasitic;
• utano;
• protivoonkologicheskogo.

Maonde vane uremu uye musha kubika

Dried maonde, kunze chimwe, ndiwo inobudirira uremu, sezvo inosiya kunzwa mukaguta kwenguva yakareba uye ane zvishomanana laxative kushanda. Uyewo zvinokosha zvinhu, michero vane yakakwirira palatability. Asi, pasinei kwayo caloric kutapira michero ari hwakanyatsorwisa pasi (49 kcal pa 100 magiramu). Fruit akashandisa itsva, akaomeswa uye zvomumagaba chimiro. It anosarudza munhu terrific jamhu, zvihwitsi, muto uye waini, saka maonde akawana mumwe zita "womuonde".

Mashizha womuonde muIndia anoshandiswa sezvo chikafu yezvipfuwo, uye muFrance somunhu mbishi mashoko pagadzirwe zvinonhuhwirira vatsva zvinonhuhwira. Muonde latex Zvichisanganisa: malic acid, rabha, renin, Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, uye vazhinji zvimwe zvinokosha zvinhu. Pashure kuonana latex muto paganda rako kana isina pakarepo dzadzimwa, unogona kuwana ashatirwa.

How zvikure?

Izvi shrub guru (8-10 m) pamwe makobvu kumeso korona pahupamhi. Hunde dhayamita kunosvika masendimita 18, mudzi hurongwa hwayo - 15 m, mumwe kudzika 6 mamita midzi. Mashizha makuru muonde nesimba meno gogonera pamwe kumicheto murima-rwegirini kusvikira vhudzi-girini ruvara. Kureba jira iri masendimita 15 yakafara - masendimita 12.

Good kuziva: miti yose Ficus akakamurwa vechirume vanhu vavo pollinating wasps blastofagi dema. wasps izvi zvakanaka mabasa avo, saka kuti uchapupu - dzakakwirira goho.

The inflorescences muti panova buri pamusoro kuburikidza iyo pollination kuitika. Uye chii muti kukura maonde, kunobva, muchero dzinodyiwa kana kwete, izvi ndizvo chete nhunzvi, izvo maruva regai zvinoda pollination.

Maonde, peya serin'i vachikura 10 masendimita refu, chinonhuwira uye manune yero-manyoro kana rima pepuru. Ichi negomba mudziyo duku dzine ubatanidzwewo Akanyatsovharwa pachiyero. Size uye ruvara muchero kunobva-siyana. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa kuonekwa rima zvitema, yellow yellow-rwegirini.

Kuibva michero haagoni kudya, nokuti ane latex inedible. Zvichienderana siyana yemaonde vakakura ingasanganisira kubva makuru mbeu duku 30 kusvika 1600. Kukura mumwaka ezvinhu, muonde unogona kubereka zvibereko kwemakore 200. Blossom muti unogona kanoverengeka kwemakore, asi zvibereko vari makamuisa pamugumo inodziya nguva, kubva zhizha kusvika matsutso.

Apo inokura?

Maererano zhinji dzekare, muonde wakanga wokutanga murume dzaichengetwa zvinomera, izvo kuva zuva shure makore 5000 akapfuura. Ficus nhoroondo kumusha kuna Saudi Arabia, apo chirimwa iri zvinowanzoshandiswa zvokudya uye zvokurapa maindasitiri. Nokufamba kwenguva, nharaunda apo inokura maonde, rapararira kuEurope uye Canary Islands.

Kare muna 1530, zvibereko Ficus wokutanga akaedza England, apo mbeu vaitenga kuna South Africa, Australia, Japan, China neIndia. History amaonde American chinotanga 1560, ipapo vakauya mbeu akatanga kukura muMexico.

KuCaucasus nharaunda (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan), uye pamusoro dema nepagungwa Russia (Abkhazia, South pemhenderekedzo Crimea) Ficus inokura kwenguva refu. Where maonde vachikura Russia muna mbizi ekunze unodziyirwa uye chakaoma. nzvimbo huru yecocoa dziri pedyo Turkey, Greece uye Italy, uye Portugal.

In Venezuela, muchero uyu nhasi rimwe zvikuru nevanhu. chirongwa hurumende akasikwa 1960, nemhaka iyo yakatanga zvakakomba kusimudzira maindasitiri kugadzirwa chirimwa ichi. In Colombia, kwenguva refu nguva zvaionekwa maonde muumbozha. Nhasi mafungiro kuti muchero yachinja, nekuti pane kuwedzera maonde mubindu ose. zvinhu zvakanga zvakanaka, asi rudo bheri hakuna kuderera.

Climate uye ivhu

In dzinopisa uye subtropics maonde kukura pamusoro nemumakomo nzvimbo panguva 800-1800 M pamusoro pegungwa. Undemanding uye akaomarara chirimwa, kupisa nemishonga kusvika -20 ° C. Dry Climate - akakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu kurima michero yakanaka. Kana mwando muchero tanga kutsemuka uye nokukurumidza kuipa. Zvisinei, zvakare overdried okunze kwakakanganisa kunokanganisa madzidziro fruiting, muchero kutanga idonhe, hapana nguva ripen.

Nokuti kurimwa zvakakodzera chero ivhu, akapa kuti pane zvakanaka yakagadzirirwa kudiridza hurongwa rakakodzera:

• akapfuma loam;
• rinorema nevhu;
• jecha chiedza;
• reraimu;
• acidic ivhu.

Maonde kukura zvakanaka pedyo dzimwe tsika, pamusoro sandara nomunzvimbo dzine, neyemitenusirwa, matombo uye scree. Miti inenge isina kukanganiswa zvirwere, uye tupukanana siyana.

Apo muchero zvekumwe kukura muRussia?

Zvinoita sokuti hazviiti, asi kukudziridza subtropical zvirimwa zvinogona zvikuru kubudirira kwedu kuchamhembe okunze uye pasinei chakakomba yechando frosts zvahuchaunza goho rakanaka. It chete kunoda yakakodzera zvokurima nzira.

Where maonde muchikura dzomusango, neavhareji zuva tembiricha kuti +10 ° C yose kukura mwaka tembiricha mari inosvika +4000 ° C. Panguva prices izvi ichabereka zhinji uye yakatsiga. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti vakazvimiririra kupa zvakafanana ezvinhu kuti kurima netsika, uchishandisa negorongawo nzira.

Under zvimwe zvinhu, pamwe kwairayirwa pokurara nokuti chando ekudyara muonde unogona kuva nechepakati Russia. Paaiva kuCaucasus uye kuCrimea richiwanika munyika nyati kukura fomu. Mune Krasnodar nharaunda iri October-November, nemionde zvinoda chaiyo hothouse mamiriro vapukunyuke muchando. In kumatunhu ane hasha Continental ezvinhu tsika akaberekwa muna conservatories uye greenhouses. Maruva maonde ane 2-3 gore pashure kudyara. High Kukohwa kunounza makore 7-9. Culture inoparadzirwa mbeu, cheka uye layering.

How kukura maonde kumba?

Nokuti kudyara mumba akasarudza zvipfupi mhando. Mizambiringa yakabva kumwe kazhinji ugare tubs kana mabhokisi, kuti vanogona kuva nyore kuti mumugwagwa kana nhurikidzwa. Chirimwa vanofanira kugamuchira mugove wavo chezuva, uye mishoma pagore. Izvi zvinoitwa kana zviri vatotanga ushamwari ekunze uye usiku Zvechokwadi haazorambi -oma. Tichikwanisa pakudyara yasarudzwa yakasimba kutsungirira zvakanaka vakapedzwa ivhu uye kurema chirimwa.

Ivhu rakasangana mu kukura 2: 1: 2 nejecha uye mufudze. Kuumba chete muti hunde kana kukwirira 0.5 mamita vaipisa muromo. Gore negore, vanokwanisa anofanira kuchinjwa, uyewo ivhu, nokuti maonde ichikura nokukurumidza uye midzi yawo inoda nzvimbo. In nemifiri unogona kubereka chibereko kusvika 3 pagore: muchirimo, muzhizha mushakabvu uye kunonoka kuwa. Zvakakosha kupa mamwe kupisa uye chiedza nokuda ekupedzisira fruiting muriwo vasingazomutswi chiwondomoke nguva isati yakwana.

Zvinoumba kurimwa

Chikwata Vazhinji vanonetseka pamusoro kuturika kuti chirimwa kukura uye nekudeura mashizha mune imwe nguva kunyange kana urongwa kutarisirwa zvakanaka. Experience hakusi zvakakodzera nokuti kukura maonde iri subtropics uye kunoonekwa sechinhu Deciduous muti, ine nguva yokuzorora. Panguva iyi muti anoiswa munzvimbo inotonhorera nzvimbo, uye chinofanira kutanga pusa dyisa uye mvura.

Maonde akura mumba, kazhinji kubereka muchero uye kupa inonaka, manune uye utano muchero, izvo neDare muviri ehupfumi havasi muduku dzomuzana kubva mubindu yechando. Tree chinopukunyuka zvakanaka munharaunda, kunyanya mu inodziya kudzi-. Zvakakosha kuziva sei kukura maonde muyeuke kuti kuburikidza kumidzi, izvo chiri panzvimbo muonde uri anenge pasi uye iye anowana ose zvinovaka muviri, kusanganisira okisijeni inokosha kudaro.

Naizvozvo, ruzivo vachengeti nokungwarira uye aigara sunungura pasi pedyo hunde. Munzvimbo dzinotonhora hahusi chaizvo zvikuru nyore uye inoshanda nzira kukura pedo Upfu mudenderedzwa uswa uye cheka nayo. Vazhinji Ficus wakasimwa sechinhu Sora chirimwa nokuti mashizha vane yakanaka - guru uye kuenzana.

Ko maonde muchikura Crimea?

In Crimea, maonde zvibereko kaviri, uye unodana muchero uyu kuitira kana maonde, kana maonde. Wokutanga mwaka ichiibvira midsummer, wechipiri - kubva August September. Kusanganisira kupinza mhando, muCrimea, pane vanenge 280 marudzi zvinomera. Zvakaitika kudyara chirimwa ichi vaunganidza huru, kunyange zvazvo maindasitiri kugadzirwa haasati asvika. Maonde kurai kuCrimea uye akasiyiwa nzvimbo, kubva, iye wakarurama anomhanya dzomusango, asi asingaiti kunyangarika.

Academician Pallas P. S. aidavira kuti miti ekare kukura pamusoro Crimean Peninsula, akasara kubva nguva Girisi yekare uye uchapupu ruminant kurima yekare tsika pamusoro idzi. Zvisinei, muzana remakore XVIII, Horticultural kukura yaita kuora.

Nikita Botanical Garden

Kubva maonde inotevera remakore zvakakomba kuroorana pamwe masayendisiti ari Nikitsky Botanical Garden, iro rakatanga kudzidza kwete bedzi chirimwa, asiwo kuratidza mhando dzakasiyana, dzaiva 1904 kare 110. Nhasi, kusanganisira imupota selection, bindu muunganidzwa kunosanganisira zvinopfuura 200 marudzi maonde. Munguva botanical mubindu, unogona kutenga mizambiringa yakabva kumwe emarudzi akasiyana, kusanganisira dzakashandisa siyana kumatunhu Russia.

Kakawanda, miti zvinowanikwa kumhenderekedzo yokumaodzanyemba, apo unogona kuona yepepuru uye chena michero, yakaomeswa, akaomeswa uye zvomumagaba pamisika. Where muCrimea kukura maonde, unogona kutenga michero uye kupinza mhando pamusoro echiShinto zvinogona kuwanikwa chaizvo kashoma. In yakachena chimiro, vakasvika isu havambokwanisi kusvika, nokuti haadi refu senga. Kana wakaita vanokwanisa kuwana zvibereko zvakadaro, zvinokosha kudzisarudza nokungwarira. Vanofanira kuva isina kukuvara, gobvu, asi rikazvisundira duku bhatani.

Kufanana maonde?

Maonde - muchero yakasiyana, rinobatsirawo chero chimiro kana kubatanidzwa nemamwe zvigadzirwa. muchero Fresh uchatumbura ngaatarire womuti udye sezvinoita apuro, zviri manune uye zvinozipa chaizvo. Nokuti siyana, unogona mwaka pamwe ruomba, yakashapa ruomba, ham, doro kana nzungu. Dry bheri akawedzera salads kana makeke, uyewo zvinonaka pamwe nemamwe michero yakaomeswa kana candied michero. Fresh maonde rinoparara saka anounganidza haisi varumbidzwa nani kudya nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kufadza kuti inogona kuverengwa - 3 Mazuva mufiriji.

Zvakawanda zvakataurwa pamusoro zvinobatsira zvivako uye sei kukura maonde. Photos zvinogona kundosangana kupfuura kubudirira muchero, zhinji, nenzira, handidi kuti anotarisa, asi ndiyo kunaka uye chinokosha zvivako yayo usaora zvishoma.

Chiizve tifarire zvibereko muonde?

Maonde akaoma - chaiyo "rwekutanga zvi-", chiri antidepressant akanaka, normalizes kweropa, anopa simba uye anowedzera simba. Zvinobudirira mushonga chikosoro - Dried zvibereko yakabikwa mukaka uye zvokunwa. rubatsiro zvakanaka bronchitis uye tonsillitis. Maererano maonde internet tigutsikane kungava chinyorwa chaicho, potassium uye zvakawanda chete fruit, simbi mukuru kwamaapuri. Saka, Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa vanhu vachitambura kubva simbi kushaikwa kupererwa neropa.