Peter Lavrov: Biography, mabasa uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Peter Lavrovich Lavrov (1828-1900) inozivikanwa seimwe huru ideologists Russian Narodnichestvo. Pane imwe nguva akanga rebei simba pamusoro paumbwe echimurenga kufamba munyika yedu. Kufarira chacho zvidzidzo Sociological nouzivi kunzwisisa mafungiro intelligentsia kune socio-enyika ezvinhu Russia muna yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, uyewo sekudomera pokuwa Bolshevism.

mhuri

Peter Lavrov aibva mumhuri vanokudzwa inozivikanwa. baba vake, S. Laurel, akashanda muuto uye aiitawo Hondo 1812. Akanga shamwari musoro Imperial Chancellery uye misha nemauto Alekseem Arakcheevym, uyo ainakidzwa chivimbo chizere Alexander Mukuru. Pashure pehondo, L. S. Lavrov pamudyandigere pamwe chinzvimbo konoro ose atirari uye vakaroora Elizabeth Karlovna Gandvig. Akabva Swedish vanokudzwa mumhuri Russified, uye akanga zvakakwana kuumbwa kuti nguva yaro. Muna 1823, gore vaiva mwanakomana, Peter. Panguva yaakaberekwa mhuri vaigara wemunda Melekhovo yaiva muPskov province.

Peter Lavrovich Lavrov: pfupi Biography (youth)

Kufanana nevamwe vezera rake kubva kwamachinda, remangwana muzivi kubva pauduku kudzidza mitauro yokumwe. Zvikurukuru, nokuda amai uye ane ruzivo muperekedzi zviri mangwanani zvikuru nyanzvi French uye German.

Muna 1837, Peter Lavrov akatuma St. Petersburg, apo iye vakabudirira vakapfuura bvunzo uye muChikoro School of atirari. Paaiita zvidzidzo zvake ari muchiuto chesekondari ichi zvakakurumbira jaya akaratidza kuva mudzidzi anoshingaira uye kwainzi yakanakisisa mboni Academician M. Ostrogradskii. Izvozvo zvaiva zvokuti pashure dhipuroma rake repetitorstvovat wakasara yake yaakaberekerwa chikoro. In zvinofambirana pamwe zvidzidzo, Peter Lavrov vakazvimiririra kudzidza mabhuku nesayenzi pamusoro evanhu sayenzi uye dzezvoupfumi, kunyora nhetembo uye kutsvakurudza mumunda masvomhu. Great zvakamuorora akaita mabasa utopian Socialist.

mberi basa

nokukurumidza duku womunguva kwemasvomhu Sciences vakagamuchira ruremekedzo nevamwe uye akagadzwa murayiridzi uto iri Mikhailovsky atirari Academy of St. Petersburg, achifumira kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu konoro. Muna 1860 akatamisirwako kuna Konstantinovsky Military School, paakange mentored akazviona akawanda.

upenyu Personal

Muna 1847, Peter Lavrov akaroora yakaisvonaka chirikadzi-AH Loveyko. Marriage naamai vana vaviri, uye kunyange German nokuda mavambo (Nee Kapger) chinangwa Laura Stepanovich, uyo Kurota kwakajeka kumirisana mwanakomana wake. Somugumisiro, Peter akanga kunyimwa mari yomubereki. Nokufamba kwenguva, murume nomudzimai akaonekwa mamwe mana uye vanakomana nevanasikana vakawanda, kuita zvinhu nzvimbo hwemhuri zvakatowanda chokwadi. Kuti zvimwe "kubuda," Lavrov akamanikidzwa vawane mari tutoring "parutivi" uye nyora anokosha nyaya "atirari Journal". The mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja nani pashure pokufa kwababa vake uye mukoma, kana Peter Lavrovich akagamuchira nhaka yakanaka.

Chaiko uye nesayenzi mabasa

Pasinei nematambudziko eupenyu, ari indefatigable Peter Lavrov aiva nguva kuongorora mabasa inozivikanwa kwazvo vazivi kuEurope nguva yake, yakabudiswa nhetembo ari A. I. Gertsena, muchirongwa pakusikwa "Encyclopedic Dictionary" rakabudiswa nyaya pauzivi uye evanhu, uyewo nyaya pachena dzetsika , mabhuku, unyanzvi uye dzidzo paruzhinji.

Uyezve, bhuku rake rokutanga yakabudiswa muna 1860. In basa iri, rinonzi se "Essays panyaya dzinoshanda uzivi," Lavrov vakati tsika munhu haagoni kupinda vachinetsana munzanga kusaruramisira anotonga. In maonero ake, akakodzera vanhu vanogona bedzi kuva hurongwa kunobva chokuzvidira pamwe yetsika uye vanhu vakasununguka.

Kusungwa uye nhapwa

Muna 1860 Peter Lavrovich Lavrov, Biography iyo kunoratidzwa apa, kushingaira mukwikwidzi mudzidzi uye echimurenga inofamba. Akava ushamwari N. G. Chernyshevskim uye akava nhengo sangano rokutanga "Nyika uye Freedom".

April 4, 1866 pamasuwo ari Summer Garden D. Karakozov akaita kuedza musi Alexander II. Zvakanga anotambudzika, zvisinei, akaita kuti udzvanyiriri kutambudza kusanganisira Peter Lavrov. Akasungwa pamusoro mhosva "pakuparadzira pfungwa dzinokuvadza" uye nevanhu Chernyshevsky, Mikhailov uye pamwe Professor Pavlov. Pashure mujeri pfupi uye dare akamutumira kubatana kuna Vologda Province. Kwaaigara kubva 1867 kusvika 1870 uye akasangana vakatapwa nebato wePolish yemuna A. Chaplitsky, uyo akava mudzimai wake zvakafanana-law.

"Historical Letters"

In muutapwa, Peter Lavrovich Lavrov akanyora zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa mabasa ake socio-enyika, kurutivi mberi Russian intelligentsia.

"Tsamba Historical" ake akadana vechiduku kumuka uye kunzwisisa dambudziko enhoroondo nguva, uyewo vanhuwo vanoda, kumubatsira kuona simba rake. The pakuonekwa chigadzirwa ichi chakanga zvinopfuura yakakodzera, sezvo echimurenga intelligentsia yakanga kundotsvaka nezvaanogona itsva ayo chikumbiro simba. "Historical Letters" Lavrov vaiva "ombera rokutinhira" uye mumwe Pfungwa motivators kuti sangano basa anobatsira ari echimurenga intelligentsia.

Biography (Peter Lavrov) pashure 1870

Ndadzoka kubva kuutapwa echimurenga vakakwanisa zvisiri pamutemo kubva munyika uye uende Paris. Ikoko akawana nekuonana pamwe vamiririri Western European basa kufamba uye akabatana I International. Panguva yacho Paris Tauriranai akaenda kuLondon nechinangwa kuronga Kununurwa rakakombwa mamwe masoja.

Paaigara guru British Empire Lavrov akasangana Marx uye Shona.

Mumakore 1873-1877 echimurenga akava mupepeti magazini "Forward" uye zvakafanana zita pepanhau 2-vhiki - nenyanga kutungamirirwa Russian populism, inonzi "lavrizmom". Pashure chigaro Alexander II, Peter Lavrovich akava noushamwari neVanhu. Iye kunyange akabvuma aongorore "Bulletin of People Kuda" pamwe L. Tikhomirov.

Panguva iyoyowo kukura kwayo rudado dzakawanda. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti muna July 1889 nhengo Armenian bato Gnchak - wokutanga Socialist Party, ine mahofisi pamusoro munharaunda dzePerisia hweOttoman Empire, Peter Lavrov mvumo kumiririra izvozvo. reCongress of International Second.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Kusvikira mazuva ake okupedzisira, Peter Lavrov akaramba liaise pamwe echimurenga kufamba. Zvisinei, pakupera hwake kufarira nhau chokuita nhoroondo uzivi. Somugumisiro tsvakurudzo ake dzesayenzi zvakanyorwa yokungotaura mabasa akawanda, kusanganisira monograph "The kunzwisisa mabasa zvenhoroondo."

Peter Lavrov, pfungwa huru dzakanga hwaro People sangano, akafa muParis muna 1900, makore makore 72 okuberekwa uye akavigwa kumakuva kuti Montparnasse.

Pashure akabva yakakura mabhuku nhaka, kusanganisira 825 mabasa uye 711 tsamba. Ndiyewo muvambi dzakawanda enyika nhetembo, ramakagadzwa vakanakidzwa mukurumbira mukuru "Working Marseillaise", kutanga nemashoko "kusiya yekare nyika ...", kuti icho mumhanzi yakanyorwa papera. Mumakumi emakore maviri remakore rechi20 rokutanga, rwiyo urwu mumwe inonyanyoshandiswa anoitwa panguva parinouya, parinouya, uyewo congresses ari kuipandukira, uye mumakore okutanga simba Soviet uye nevanhu wevatariri.

maonero ouzivi

The yepamutemo sayenzi akabvuma kuna Lavrov kuti eclecticism. Uye ichi dzinoruramiswa, kubva muna kwayo positivist-agnostitsisticheskoy uzivi, akaedza nokubatanidza hurongwa Hegel, F. Lange, Feuerbach, Comte, Proudhon, Spencer, Chernyshevsky, Bakunin uye Marx.

Maererano naye, nyaya inoita tsika uye akaumba vashomanana pachavo, saka basa kuipandukira wokutanga kuva tsika yakanaka.

Munguva 1870s paiva panguva zamu vateveri Lavrov vake, vanonzi boka bashentsev. Uyezve, akava aibvuma mutungamiri rworudyi Bapiro kuipandukira yeRussian Empire. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kugara kwenguva refu, uye vatsigiri vakawanda dzematongerwe ake vakadzokera akananga okunyanyisa Bakuninism. Zvisinei, lavrizm airidza hapana muchinangwa kugadzirira ramangwana nhengo dzokutanga zvemagariro democratic yeChina.

Zvino kuti munoziva kuti P. Lavrov. Somumwe mashoma nhengo kwamachinda vakatsvaka zvikuru kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo, Peter Lavrovich harina kukanganwika nezviremera rokutanga mamiriro vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo munyika. Zvikurukuru, Furshtatskaya mumugwagwa Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Leningrad nokukudzwa kwake. Nokuda ichi nhasi, vazhinji vakakurumbira Petrograd Palace Petra Lavrova, apo muchato mitambo inoitwa. Uye zvikuru kwokufananidzira, sezvo yakakurumbira muzivi kamwe zvapa zvemari zvakanaka kuva nokuda muchato wake kumukadzi waanoda, uye akagara naye kwemakore matatu vafare.