Cicero - wezvematongerwe enyika, mumiririri, somuzivi

Cicero ... adjectives kwete zvakakwana mutauro wokuRussia kuti kutsanangura guru anoziva Roman, yokutungamirira, somuzivi inoshamisa.

The kubudirira

Nemhaka mabasa akanyora Cicero, - hurumende, mutemo madzimambo uye madzimambo vaongorori ano vanogona kutsanangura zvakarurama zviitiko nguva.

The Roman somuzivi huru akadzidzisa uzivi panguva nokududzirwa inokosha, uye yava vakasuma wandei pfungwa itsva. Somuenzaniso, tsanangudzo - kutaridza tsananguro zviratidzo chero chinhu; mberi - Climbing, kufambira mberi, uye zvichingodaro.

Pakutanga nguva Stoicism

Imwe dzepamusorosoro vamiririri vechiStoiki uzivi raiva Cicero. Iye akataura zvakawanda nezvokuti chete mufaro hakusi chinhu asi chakanaka kwevanhu. Unhu hwakanaka kunzwisisa Cicero akaisa kwakadaro unhu uchenjeri, ushingi, kururamisira, mwero mukuedza zvose.

Nokudaro, kuburikidza nedzidziso dzake uye pfungwa imwe somuzivi Roman Ndakaedza kunzwisisa, chii dambudziko yokurwisana pachake pfuma uye tsika basa. Kunzwisisa panyaya iyi, Cicero vakasvika pakugumisa kuti kudzidza hunobatsira uzivi.

Culture Ancient Rome: aesthetics, runako uye achitsetsenura

Moral zvishande muzivi nezvetsika vaisanganisira reupenyu kubatana pakati achitsetsenura uye tsika tsika zviri wacho. Inobva Kuwanikwa pachavo unhu data, maererano Cicero, aikwanisa kuwana chaizvo mumiririri akanaka.

Panguva mwoyo yeRoma uzivi kunouyisa runonyatsotsigira tsika Greek yekare. Cicero akataura pamusoro kunzwisisa wechokwadi pfungwa kwouzivi pfungwa panyaya yacho zvinokonzera kuti kuvimba achitsetsenura zvechokwadi pamusoro - vanofanira kuva ose kuzvipira pamusoro muRoma. Kudzidza unyanzvi kutaura - chii chinodiwa kuti Roman muvanhu.

Pamwe nomuvuki muzivi akasimbisa kukosha kwetsika runako. "Hazvibviri kuti vabudirire pfungwa yakadzika uye zivo yechokwadi, kana pfungwa dzenyu unceasingly tevera ignoble zvinangwa", - akati Cicero.

mabhuku nhaka

Kuwedzera zvakadzama pfungwa Cicero andisiya akapfuma mabhuku nhaka. Hazvibviri kutsanangura bhuku essays, kutaura uye tsamba; vazhinji zvaizivikanwa muupenyu hwake, zhinji yakabudiswa emakore mashomanana. Vazhinji mabasa aitaurirwa dzakananga vanhu - shamwari mumiririri Titus Pomponius uye Marcus Tullius Tiro. Dzinokwana vanenge 57 akachengetedzwa manyoro, anecdotal uchapupu sezvo zvakawanda akarasika.

A nhaka nyika huru mabasa wandei tigutsikane kwouzivi: bhuku "On mumiririri", "mukurukuri" uye "Brutus". Pano Cicero hurukuro pamusoro yakanaka nzira yokurovedza uye pakuita unyanzvi kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi, uyewo mibvunzo ari mukurukuri achifunga pamusoro nomumwe maitiro.

Zvinonyanya mabasa unokosha enyika kugutsikana. The inozivikanwa nhasi mabasa "On Vehurumende", "Mitemo". Pano Cicero, uyo Biography zvinosanganisira utariri ruzivo, anotaura nemamiriro akakodzera mamiriro. Ideas akaisa neimwe basa rayo, vave chinozoiswa kuburikidza weRoma bumbiro: anobudirira wemishonga kwemiviri akadai weSeneti, veHigh uye reVanodzika.

Kunyora Papera anoshanda Cicero akashandisa mutauro wechiLatin sezvo chikuru nzira kutsvaka nzira yokupedza nayo zvinetso vazivi vekare vechiGiriki. A yakawanda mashoko anogona podcherpnut pamusoro muzivi matsamba kuti aitaurirwa vanozivikanwa unhu. All akaramba anenge 4 tsamba kuungano.

Kukosha uzivi mune ramangwana

Nokuda muzivi neyechiRoma akaberekwa ari chaiwo Latin ingano akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya wisdoms kuti kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi, uyewo rakadzika pfungwa youzivi. Kana pakutanga pamusoro ichi mabhuku bato neushamwari shoma nzeve, asi muzana remakore rakatevera zvaionekwa muenzaniso wakanaka uye akarurama zvikuru.

Pakafa Cicero ichienzaniswa vakawanda vakurukuri, pakati waiva Demosthenes akakurumbira - mumiririri wetsika dzechiGiriki uye kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi. Pashure pemakore anopfuura 100, nezvemuenzaniso uyu ndomumwe kupfuura dzichipesana uye hunakidze.

Nouzivi Marcus Tullius vakaonga kwete ano nguva, asi kuMiddle Ages, finicky, uye yakajeka New Times, apo kuziva maonero kare sezvo magetsi aiva husiri nyore kuwana. Cicero aidavira kuti huru yokuona ndiyo kukosha kwevanhu inotungamirwa kwayo, izvo chete anogona kupiwa tsika dzechiGiriki. Akatanga akashandisa richireva humanitas vakadzidza, zvakanaka kuverenga uye vakadzidza munhu wose, ane zvimwe tsika unhu.