Old varwi Russian: zvipfeko, zvombo uye midziyo

musha wese rine parinogumira, izvo zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva muvengi incursions, kubva huru necheSalvic kugarwa, vanoda ichi agara aripo. Pakati Ancient Russia kunetsana yasakadzwa nyika, vaifanira kurwa kwete chete zvokunze kutyisidzira, asiwo vedzinza. Kubatana uye kuwirirana pakati machinda akabatsira kuumba rudzi rukuru, rwakazokura kudzivirira kugona. Old varwi Russian akamira pasi rimwe mureza uye akaratidza nyika simba ravo uye ushingi.

kukupfura

Slavs vaiva vanhu vanoda rugare, saka varwi Russian yekare havasi zvokutadza kumira kubva vanhuwo vanhuwo zvavo. Kuti vadzivirire musha wavo vasava namapfumo, namatemo, mapanga netsvimbo. Military zvokushandisa, zvombo vachaonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye zviri zvikuru achifunga kudzivirira wayo, pane kurwisa. Muzana X remakore pane mubatanidzwa yemadzinza necheSalvic anoverengeka kumativi Muchinda Kiev, izvo anounganidza mitero uye kuchengetedza nharaunda pamusoro nechisimba inowanzorimwa, nyika yeSweden, ivo Byzantines, eMongolia. Akaumba kukupfura, rinoumbwa 30% rinoumbwa varwi unyanzvi (kazhinji varwi: Normans, Pechenegs, vanhu vokuGermany, Hungarians) uye nevarwi (varwi). Panguva iyi, zvombo vekare murwi ine maces, mapfumo, minondo. dziviriro chiedza hakuiti kuita kufamba, uye hunopa mufambo muhondo uye rutsigiro. The chikuru ruoko basa raiva inifanduri, mabhiza aishandiswa sezvo rongedza mhuka uye kuendesa mauto kuhondo. Horse akaumba pashure kundikana kwemotokari pamwe inowanzorimwa vanhu vakanga yakanaka vatasvi.

kudzivirira

Old hondo Russian vakanga chakajairika vanhu Russia V - VI emakore hembe uye zvengarava zviri bast shangu. Munguva yehondo wokuRussia-Byzantine muvengi yakarohwa ushingi uye ushingi "Rus", iro akarwa pasina zvokuzvidzivirira, akavanda seri nhoo kuvashandisa panguva imwe chete ari chombo. Gare gare vakauya "kuyak", iro chaizvoizvo munhu hembe pasina maoko, zviri sheathed pamwe ndiro kubva amabhiza mahwanda, kana dehwe zvidimbu. Naizvozvo akatanga kushandisa ndiro simbi kuti achengetedze muviri kubva kuvhunduka uye anotema nemiseve muvengi.

nhoo

Nadzo wevarwi yekare dzakanga chiedza, inopa yakakwirira maneuverability, asi panguva imwe chete akaderedza mwero kudzivirirwa. Large, ari kureba pamapuranga anoshandiswa necheSalvic marudzi kubvira munguva dzekare. Vakafukidza musoro Murwi wacho, saka yokumusoro chikamu aiva buri maziso. C nhoo X remakore akaita dzeraundi chimiro, avo mhete simbi, akafukidza reganda nokushongedza zvakasiyana Generic zviratidzo. Maererano neuchapupu Byzantine venhoroondo Russian kusika rusvingo nenhoo zvakasimba akavharwa nemumwe, uye pachena mberi pfumo. Nzira iyi yakaita kuti zvisabvire yepamusoro zvikamu muvengi kupaza kuna rwemberi eRussia. Pashure pemakore 100, chimiro iri dzakashandisa mhando itsva mauto - emauto. Nhoo vari womuarumondi serin'i, ane mbiri kutara aida kubata muhondo uye kufamba. With kwakadai midziyo vekare varwi Russian akaenda musango uye vakasimuka kuti vadzivirire nyika yavo pamberi nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa nepfuti. tsika zhinji uye ngano chokuita nhoo. Vamwe "mapapiro" uri wavo kusvikira nhasi. The vawa uye varwi vakuvara vakaunzwa kumba musi nhoo dzavo, apo kutiza kuenda regiments nokukanda navo pasi petsoka mabhiza navaivatevera. Akakundwa pamasuo Constantinople, Prince Oleg ichimuremera chete nhovo.

nengowani

Old masoja Russian kuti IX - X remakore aipfeka pamusoro wake zvatinosiita nguwani, izvo zvisina kudzivirirwa anotema muvengi nenjodzi. nengowani Chokutanga, kuwanikwa nevanochera, zvakaitwa Norman mhando, asi muRussia havasi zvakapararira. More hunoshanda nokudaro conical chimiro hwava kushandiswa nevakawanda. Ngowani iyi kana rivet mana edare, vakanga yakashongedzwa nemabwe anokosha uye minhenga (kubva anokudzwa varwi kana gavhuna). chimiro ichi kunoita bakatwa kuti Vaiisa pasina kukonzera kumukuvadza kune munhu, balaclava chedebwe kana akanzwa dzinopomhodza nokurohwa. Ngowani achinja nokuda mamwe yakachengeteka mano: Barmitsa (Chain pajira riya) nanosnik (simbi yairema). Kushandiswa nedziviriro muchimiro Masiki (Masiki) mu Russia yakanga husiri nyore kuwana, vakawanda izvi vakabatwa nengowani, izvo zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa muEurope. Tsananguro murwi yekare, rakachengetedzwa yenhau, anoti vanhu havasi vakavanda, uye scowl aigona ndingomubayirira pasi muvengi. Nengowani kugadzirwa nehafu-chifukidzo kuti vapfumi uye anokudzwa varwi, ivo nenzira yoku decoration mashoko, regai nohwupi kutakura unodzivirira mabasa.

chainmail

The yakakurumbira chikamu zvipfeko yekare murwi, maererano matongo nzvimbo, rinowanika munzvimbo VII - VIII remakore. Mail iri hembe maringi zvesimbi zvakasimba interconnected. Panguva ino, vanatenzi zvakanga zvakaoma kuita kudzivirira kwakadaro, basa rakanga rakanaka uye vakashumira mumwe tatamuka refu nguva. Metal achiumburuka kupinda waya iyo muzvindori zviri akapeta uye welded, vari wakaiswa mumwe maererano zano 1 kusvika 4. At anenge 20 - 25 tysyach zvindori vakatora kusika chiketani tsamba, izvo pachikero 6 kusvika 16 makirogiramu. Vashongedze machira rakarukwa Links mhangura. In XII remakore punching zvemichina rinoshandiswa kana flattened rakarukwa mhete kuti anopa zvakawanda kudzivirira nzvimbo. Munguva imwe chete chainmail kuva yakareba, pane mamwe nadzo zvinhu: nagovitsy (simbi, rakarukwa masokisi) Barmitsa (yepasi kudzivirira pamutsipa), bracers (simbi Magorovhosi Chipfeko). Under zvombo kumbopfeka quilted zvipfeko, kunyoroveswa simba aaiitawo. Panguva iyoyo kuRussia vakashandisa lamellar (ndiro) chombo. Nokuti zvaAtemisi kwaida hwaro (hembe) ganda kuti zvakabatanidzwa zvakasimba mutete simbi lamellae. kureba kwadzo kwakanga 6 - 9 cm pahupamhi kubva 1 kusvika 3. ndiro chombo zvishoma akasundudzira tsamba uye kunyange inotengeswa dzimwe nyika. MuRussia, scaly, lamellar, uye tsamba kazhinji zvabatanidzwa. Yushman, bahterets vaiva chaizvoizvo cheni tsamba kuti kuwedzera inodzivirira ehupfumi kwamahwendefa kusvitsa pamusoro pachipfuva. Pakutanga mashoko XIV remakore ane mhando itsva dzokurwa - Mirror. Metal mahwendefa makuru saizi, zvikuru kukwenenzverwa kazhinji kumbopfeka pamusoro tsamba. Panhivi uye mapfudzi chokuita ne reganda anosungira, kazhinji yakashongedzwa siyana zviratidzo.

chombo

Unodzivirira zvipfeko yekare murwi haana kwegore risingapindiki dzokurwa, asi ndiye chiedza kuti anopa zvakawanda maneuverability varwi uye nouta muhondo ezvinhu. , Maererano mashoko awanika kubva Byzantine zvenhoroondo dzekare "Rusich" Pane simba chaizvo. In V - VI emakore zvombo amadzitateguru edu akanga chaizvo chinyakare, kushandiswa pedyo yetsiva. Anokonzera chinokosha kuvadza muvengi wakanga rinorema uremu, uye mberi akanga vakagadzirira pamwe achirova zvinhu. Kushanduka zvombo kwakaitika pamusoro yaitwa rwokugadzirwa mberi uye kuchinja nzira yehondo. Propelling maitiro, kukombwa michina, stitching uye vakatema maturusi simbi yave kushandiswa emakore akawanda, uye magadzirirwo yavo yave ichi- hwakavandudzika. Vamwe zvakagadzirwa kudzidza kubva mamwe marudzi, asi vanotanga Russian uye gunsmiths nguva dzose zvakasiyana mavambo yokuswedera uye rakavimbika kugadzirwa gadziriro.

kugwinha

Zvombo pedyo rwisana azivikanwe nemarudzi ose, pamukova mambakwedza yebudiriro, ayo chikuru maonero aiva nuija. Uyu rinorema tsvimbo, iyo pakupera akatendeuka simbi. Mune dzimwe embodiments, vazvionere yakatesvera panyanga dzacho simbi kana nezvipikiri. Most kazhinji vanotaurwa yaMakoronike Russian pamwe nuija nuija, morningstar, bludgeon. Nokuda nyore gadzira uye kubudirira muhondo wavanozvisunga zvombo kwakanga kwakapararira. Sword uye Saber nayo zvishomanana misha, asi varwi uye varwi kuramba kurishandisa muhondo. Vezvenhau yakasimbiswa pachishandiswa Chronicle Data zvinyorwa uye Zvakafukunurwa hwokufananidzira mufananidzo murume aizivikanwa somunhu Russian musoja yekare. Photos pazvinhu, uyewo akachengetedzwa dzedu mufananidzo magamba nguva, iva nechokwadi kuti zvinosanganisira chero mhando tsamwisa zvombo, kazhinji vanokwanisa ichi anoshumira kunozivikanwa nuija.

Kucheka, kubaya

Munhoroondo Russia yekare nomunondo inokosha. Haasi chete huru mhando zvombo, asi chiratidzo dzoumambo simba. Akashandisa mapanga vane akawanda siyana, vakanga vakadamwa panzvimbo akapfeka: zasapozhnye tichitsanangura podsaydashnye. Vakanga akashandiswa, pamwe nomunondo uye ine nuija. Zvombo vekare murwi zvachinja X remakore, kwakatsiva munondo kuuya Saber. Her Russian rwisana unhu dzinoongororwa muhondo pamwe muArabhu vanenge rakumbirwa uye chimiro. Mapfumo namapfumo vari pakati mhando dzakawanda vekare kubaya zvombo, iro rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa masoja ari kuzvidzivirira uye kunogumbura. Kana kushandiswa zvakafanana, havana vakashanduka inonanga. Mapfumo zvishoma nezvishoma yakatsiva mapfumo kuti vawedzerwe muna Sulitsa. Namasanhu akarwa kwete chete kuvanhuwo zvavo (wegumi uye nevarwi), asi yomuchinda navaranda. In kwakadai vakatasva varwi chombo aiva pfupi mubato, Marines (Warriors) ainakidzwa namatemo avo refu miseve. Berdysh (demo ne navanopinda chipande) muna XIII - XIV remakore anova chombo Strelets mauto. Gare gare kutendeuka kuti halberd.

diki

Mari All anoshandiswa zuva nezuva pamusoro pakuvhima uye kumba, masoja Russian senzira chombo uto. Luke yaigadzirwa nyanga mhuka uye yakakodzera huni (Birch, omujunipa). Vamwe vavo vaiva mamita anopfuura maviri refu. Yokuchengetera kushandiswa miseve fudzi goba, chakarairwa nedehwe, dzimwe nguva yakashongedzwa brocades, anokosha uye Semi-anokosha. Kubudisa miseve rakaiswa nomudonzvo, Birch, nomudonzvo, muti womuapuro, kuti zvakanga dzakabatanidzwa Lysina simbi muromo. In X remakore uta magadzirirwo kwave zvikuru kunzwisisa, uye ayo mukugadzira rikurumidze ramazuva. Crossbows vaiva aibudirira zvikuru mhando projectile zvombo. Vakaomerwa yavo riri mwero moto, asi sikuruu (kushandiswa senzira projectile) zvaanodurura wanyanya kana akadonhera punching dzokurwa. Kudhonzera munhu bowstring crossbow kwakanga kwakaoma, kunyange akasimba varwi akazorora kuti ichi vari garo uchikava. Muzana XII remakore kuti mhanyisa uye aivabatsira izvi vakatanga kushandisa chiredzo kuti vapfuri aipfeka pabhandi rake. Pamberi nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa fire- maoko uta, crossbows, crossbows dzaishandiswa muuto Russian.

hembe

Vatorwa aishanyira guta yeRussia pamusoro XII - XIII remakore, vakashamisika varwi kurwa sei. Kana yose zvinooneka bulkiness dzokurwa (kunyanya rinorema vatasvi) vatasvi nyore zvakakwana kuita mabasa akawanda. Agere Chigaro, Murwi aigona kuchengeta itsvo (Edit bhiza), nokupfura nouta kana crossbow uye kugadzirira pedyo yetsiva rinorema munondo. The emauto akanga achifambisa wavanozvisunga simba, saka outfitting mutasvi nebhiza inofanira chiedza asi simba. Chest, bota uye divi steed akavharwa ne anokosha cover, izvo zvakagadzirwa zvinhu pamwe vasonanidza simbi kwamahwendefa. Equipment yekare murwi asiyiwa kuti mukana. Saddles akaita namatanda, Archer akabvumira kutendeukira mu negwara uye kamwe akurumidze, apo kudzora kutungamirirwa inofamba webhiza. Kusiyana varwi kuEurope iyoyo, vakapfeka dzokurwa zvakakwana, chiedza dzokurwa Russian vakanga nezvezvandaifanira vachirwa muArabhu. Panguva vaitungamirira vanokudzwa, machinda, madzimambo zvombo uye zvombo zvave vachirwa uye achimisa, izvo zvikuru vakanga yakashongedzwa uye vakagadzirira pamwe zviratidzo ehurumende. Vakagamuchira nhume vavatorwa akaenda nemazororo.