Jeti German "Messerschmitt-262": nhoroondo yokusika, zvakagadzirwa features, mapikicha

High-nokukurumidza turbojet murwi-interceptor Messerschmitt ME-262 Schwalbe ( «Messerschmitt ME-262 kumedza") akazviratidza muhondo chete muna 1944. Hatigoni kutaura kuti chokwadi, motokari iyi yakanyorerwa chii anoshanda. Kuedza pamwe ndege akaramba kunyange muhondo. Iye aiva murwi (kusanganisira usiku), bhomba uye ushori ndege. Muchina ndaroora uye kaviri, yetsiva uye kurovedza. It makasimbisa Newest mamiriro bofu kumhara, experimental radar midziyo wakaedza zvisakamboonekwa pfuti kubva calibers siyana, uye zvakawanda experimental michina. indasitiri German yakabudiswa anenge 25 mushanduro ndege.

"Messerschmitt-262" yaiva nyika yokutanga guru-yakabereka ndege injini, tora zvakananga chikamu mune utsinye. VokuGermany akaitumidza "Inomedza» (Schwalbe), vokuAmerica uye British - 'petrel »(Petrel). Kusvikira pakuguma hondo michina yacho bhizimisi German muna 1433 yakabudiswa. Nokudaro, "Messerschmitt ME-262" rinogona kunzi kupfuura kwakapararira kwendege Hondo Yenyika II.

Nhoroondo ndege

Zvichida hapana muenzaniso ndege kwave kuchiita nematambudziko akawanda kudaro vari nedanho raro inotungamirwa, se "Messerschmitt-262". History of pakasikwa muchina uyu, ayo kukura uye vachiuya kuna vakawanda kugadzirwa kuoma kwete chete nokuda bureaucratic sokunonoka uye kushaya mari, asi dzakasiyana-siyana kwezvinhu matambudziko.

ndege yayo yokutanga, sezvinotaurwa ne A. Speer - Minister of maoko German, ndege akaita mwedzi pamberi kurwisa revarwi German pamusoro Soviet Union. In muenzaniso pakutanga, ME-262 ane pisitoni injini yaishandiswa. Zvisinei, havana simba rakakwana. Gore rakatevera kwakasarudzwa kushandisa ndege injini Jumo-004, izvo kwakasimbiswa uye akatanga kugadzira takasimba "Junkers".

Nhoroondo anoziva zvakawanda zvinhu apo zvakagadzirwa kuuya rurege kushanda zvakazara kukosha yapfuura chizvarwa zvombo. "Messerschmitt-262" anogona kunzi mumwe wevaya. The mukana muchina mutsva pamberi ndege muvengi akanga pachena, asi uduku nezvirwere hwenyika German vava chipinganidzo chisingakundiki kune ayo vakawanda kugadzirwa.

Pakati matambudziko huru kuti dogged kukura ndege munhoroondo yacho zvinosanganisira zvinotevera: Chokutanga, zviri unreliability of Jumo ndege michini, izvo vakapakata "Messerschmitt-262". Vakashanda vasingavimbiki zvikuru muna rarefied mhepo uye zvinoda refu uye kungwarira elaboration. Chechipiri, tai akatasva vhiri undercarriage uyewo haana zvakasiyana unhu. Kazhinji hombodo panguva kumhara, asi kumhara kumhanya ndege yaiva 190 chete km / h. Pamwe zvakaoma muchiuto uye mamiriro ezvinhu enyika muGermany uye kuzengurira murayiro yakakwirira paivakwa ndege itsva, mamiriro ezvinhu aya kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti "Messerschmitt ME-262" (mufananidzo pamusoro) akaoneka mumunda hondo yechipiri yezana 1944, pamwe chete kunonoka Semi-pagore . Aisagona kuva chishamiso chombo, izvo zvinenge kuna Adolf Hitler, kuti kubatsira Germany vavezve Hukuru ari airspace muEurope. Asi aigona kunge zvakaitika.

Kana zvose zviparare vave remedied, ivo vagadziri German, zvakava pachena kuti zvose chokupika zvechadenga muchina mutsva chinosara kure shure parameters pakati omubatanidzwa ndege. Akagadzira ndege "Messerschmitt-262" aigona nyore kuonekwa Nyanzvi yacho wechipfuwo avhiyesheni indasitiri.

tsananguro

Ichangobva wokuenzanisira ndege "Messerschmitt-262", kuvakwa izvo asina akafanana ndege muchina ano, zvakanzi dzinofambiswa zviviri turbofan injini uye mapapiro ngaatarire kutsvaira. The kunonyanyisa kumhanya rwokufamba rakanga anenge 850 km / h. A nekukwirira 9000 metres akawana pamusoro 7 maminitsi. Kunonyanyisa kukwira kwakanga 11, 000 metres. Zvombo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa mana 30mm MK 108 cannons, mumwe projectile aigona nyore izvo kuuya pasi rinorema bhomba. Vakanga vakaronga vaviri vaviri nerimwe wamapapiro, mumwe kumusoro mumwe. Paivawo mukana kugadzwa anosvika 12 unguided zvitundumuseremusere.

Omubatanidzwa pavakanzwa kwaita "Messerschmitt-262"

Dzine kubatikana European Sky vatsigiri dzakavhiringika kubudikidza pakuonekwa ME-262. Most zvose, izvi hazvirevi kushamisa sokuti American bhomba, vakajaira vaite kurangwa masikati vachirwisa napamaguta uye zvemauto muGermany. Zvaiita zvishoma uye zvose zvakanakira ari mumhepo richaparara.

Asi kubatsira Anglo muAmerica, Adolf Hitler akauya asingatarisiri. Chokwadi kuti Pakutanga vokuGermany vakabudirira kushandiswa ndege "Messerschmitt-262" sezvo murwi-interceptor. Führer zvinodiwa zvakasimba kushandisa ndege somupristi-nokukurumidza bhomba, vaikwanisa haana kuteerera varwi kushorwa, kuvhiringidza pakuonekwa dzairwisa iri European pachimiro utsinye.

vezvikepe German itsva chizvarwa motokari

Muna 1943, kuti dziedze motokari itsva rakauya pachake mukuru Ndege ndege yacho Luftwaffe General Adolf Galland. The pazvidhindo akaratidza pfupi okuti: "motokari iyi dzichibhururuka sokunge ndivo vatumwa." Maererano neimwe mutyairi wendege, Jörg Stsypionski, "Messerschmitt-262" (mapikicha izvo zviri munyaya) haana kunyanya kuoma kushandisa. Chinhu chikuru - kuita zvose maererano nemirayiridzo, ipapo muchina achazvikudza chinyararire uye haangavi capricious. Nokuda refu mwero kunyanya ari nguva kubata pamberi muvengi ndege muhondo. Panyaya iyi, mutyairi akava mambo panzvimbo.

Kunorwa ndege yakanga yakasimba zvokuti rimwe salvo yakanga yakakwana zvose zvakanga pamusoro. Zvisinei, kunyange ruzivo vezvikepe zvaisazova nyore kukurira ichi vakaoma musoro muchina. Zvaida zvakafanira apiwa kudzidzisa, izvo zvaida nguva yakawanda.

Fighter of "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Mumwe categorical vavengi Hitler uye Goering mapedzero vaishandisa murwi "Messerschmitt-262" ave bhomba aiva mutungamiri Luftwaffe Ndege ndege, musoja Battle kweBritain, Adolf Galland. Muna January 1945, pamusangano, iyo wakapindwa yose utariri chikwata avhiyesheni muGermany, iye pachena akaratidza chokwadi pamusoro kukwanisa Goering mukuru munyika mhepo rengarava. Somugumisiro pakati nharo vakawanda ambomiswa basa. Zvisinei, haana kukanda mapfumo pasi.

Kuti aratidze mhosva yavo, Galland aida kuti aumbe rinokosha kubatana pasi ake murayiro, yokusimbisa ndege yayo "Messerschmitt ME-262." The vashandi inotungamirwa nevamwewo ndanyoresa Gerhard Barhorna (panguva iyoyo akanga 301 zvemuchadenga kukunda), Heinz Baer (220 Unobata), Walter Krupinski (197 Unobata), Johannes Shteynhoffa (176 Unobata), Gunther Lutzow (108 Ratio) uye said. The remubatanidzwa ainzi "chikamu Fighter" Yagdferband 744 (J744) ».

Short Biography "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Muna March 1945, dzimbahwe kubatana idzva riri yendege Munich-Riem, apo uye akatanga nokuba armadas pakati omubatanidzwa Ndege akaita masikati vachirwisa musi Germany. Over mwedzi uyu kwandaive vepamusoro mhepo zviumbu paitova 45 ndege akapfura pasi batana ndege. Asi akazosvika refu. May 3, 1945, iye vakakundwa mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany muna Salzburg.

Adolf Galland pachake haana kuramba achidzora yacho ndege. Akatora chikamu pakuvhiya zhinji kunomisa omubatanidzwa Ndege vachirwisa. April 25, panguva imwe pavo yakarohwa nomukuru American Ndege pabutiro "Ripablik P-47." Mutyairi akakuvadzwa ari pamabvi zvose uye akanga asingakwanisi zvakanaka kuisa murwi ake mumunda pitted pamwe craters.

Victory vezvikepe German

The kukunda yokutanga seri vhiri ndege "Messerschmitt-262" akanga akunda naAdolf Schreiber. Zvinhu zvakaitika chiitiko June 26, 1944. Kuwedzera vezvikepe izvi "Messerschmitt-262" kwakabatsira yakakurumbira Franz Schall - pamusoro ME-262, iye scored 14 kukunda (kubva 137), Hermann Buchner - 12 (58), Georg Peter naEdheri - 12 (78), Erich Rudorferu - 12 (222) , Carl Shnorreru - 11 (46), Johannes Steinhoff - 6 (176), Walter Nowotny (zvachose 248 Ratio), uye vamwe.

vezvikepe German vaiona "Messerschmitt-262" kudaro invulnerable kuti vakashinga kuhondo pamwe nekure kupfuura nhamba wavanorwisana. Somuenzaniso, March 19, 1945 28 vezvikepe German, pachivako achidzora kuti "Mesershmittov-262", havana kutya kurwa guru gore American ndege, raiumbwa 1,300 Ndege uye 750 murwi viomak. Pasinei zvavo zviduku nhamba, vakakwanisa overclock yacho armáda yose, kudzivisa Dombo rimwe nzvimbo muGermany.

Sevatsigiri akarwa ME-262

In zvakananga nhaurwa nevakuru "Messerschmitt-262" chero omubatanidzwa ndege rakarongerwa kuti kukundwa. Kurasikirwa ake nokukurumidza uye kutungamirira simba zvombo, kukunda vasingagoni kunyange kufungidzira. Asi achilles chitsitsinho yakawanikwa. Kunyange nomumwe. Chokwadi kuti ndege "Messerschmitt-262" akazviratidza kuva nyore chaizvo panguva yasimuka uye kumhara. Panguva idzi, uye kwakasarudzwa kuti bheji zvinopesana naye.

Pakutanga masimba ose vakatumwa kundosora airfields zvakanga zvakavakirwa ari "Inomedza" German. Pashure paizvozvo, runway yavo pasi shingirira kubhomba. Izvi hwakakanyiwa pasi rinenge zuva nezuva. Akazosvika chero bedzi "Messerschmitt-262", chakavakirwa panhandare yendege, kwete kuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo.

Tinozivawo zvishoma zvinhu yokuparadza "Messers" riri yasimuka. Saka, October 7, 1944, refutenendi Urban Drew, achibhururuka nomunharaunda romuvengi, akaona kutange yendege kuchitsauko jets. Achishandisa kunakisa kureba uye nokukurumidza, mufambisi wengarava chivindi akakunda muvengi ndokupfura pasi vaviri, tisingabvumiri nokukurumidza raundi.

Several ME-262 rakaparadzwa zvemuchadenga kurwa. Saka, November 8, 1944 mumwe aces of Luftwaffe Walter Nowotny, uyo akapfura pasi pamberi 258 ndege muvengi panguva Kurwisa kubatana American bhomba akapfurwa pasi nomumwe evadzimi ake kufukidza "Mustang P-51."

Features "Messerschmitt-262"

Kureba ndege ndiyo 10.6 m, kureba - 3.8 m, mapapiro - 12,5 m, bapiro nzvimbo -. 21.8 M Weight motokari chinhu raiva 3800 makirogiramu, zvisingatomboiti yasimuka uremu - 6400 makirogiramu, kufadza yasimuka uremu - 7140 makirogiramu. Hunoshanda siringi chikwidzo ndiyo 11 km kure. The kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza panguva kunonyanyisa kukwirira kwakanga 855 km / h. On maoko yacho 4 pfuti MK - 108 anokwanisawo kumisa 12 R4M unguided zvombo.

Vakundi jeti "Messerschmitt-262": dzairwisa

Vakundi jeti "Messerschmitt" pakati muvakutsiri, kwete zvokuti. Nokuti chinonyanya chikamu "Inomedza" German akaparadza pasi pasina achivapa mukana kumukazve. Kunyange zvakadaro, akauya pasi "Messerschmitt-262" zvakanyorwa noumhizha George. Bendraulta (386 FS), refutenendi Mukanova (353rd fg), Major H. Connor (78th fg), mupurisa-mutyairi Bob Cole ( 3rd dzechikwata RAF), Lt. Gwayana (78th fg), Wilson Lt. (401-I Canadian mhepo dzechikwata) uye vamwe.

Vakundi jeti "Messerschmitt-262": Eastern Front

Kuwedzera kune Western European yemitambo remapazi, pane "Messerschmitt-262" uye Eastern Front. Zvisinei, mashoko pamusoro ichi zvikuru kuomera. Kunyange zvakadaro, mazita vakundi ari "Messerschmitt-262" rine mazita uye aces neSoviet. Pamutemo downed ndege "Messers" nokuda kwake Ivan Kozhedub Leo Sivko, Ivan Kuznetsov Yakov Okolepov uye Aleksandr Dolgunov. Anofungidzirwa pazvinhu izvi zvinofanira kuverengerwa mamwe mazita maviri: Harry Merkviladze, Pilot 152 vakasuwa Guards hondo uye Vladimir E. kubva 402 fung Fighter Wing.

Zvisinei, simbiso okukunda avo zvakachengetedzwa yakawanikwa.

mhedziso

Nokuti vose muHondo Yenyika II indasitiri German yakavakwa uye akatumwa pamberi ndege muna 1433, "Messerschmitt-262" kusanganisira okunatsiridza siyana. Zvisinei, kwete motokari zvose akatora mugove ruvengo. Kushaikwa mafuta, nokushaya mudonzvo vanokwanisa uye kushaya yakakodzera airfields musha (motokari waida kumwezve runway) vakaita basa rinokosha pakuita njodzi munyika yokutanga kwendege "Messerschmitt ME-262." Asi iye akasiya chinokosha chiratidzo munhau yenyika avhiyesheni. Pamusoro pazvo, kwakava kutanga Nguva kwaita reactive avhiyesheni.