Battleships of USSR muHondo Yenyika II (mufananidzo)

Zvikepe Linear vari atirari warrior vemauto motokari, vane hombe misha uye nezvombo zvakanaka. Battleships of USSR zvave chaizvo dzakasiyana-siyana hondo, sezvo ivo nyore kutsungirira kuparadzwa muvengi rehondo wengarava nokushandisa atirari rinopamura pamusoro nhovo huru iri pamahombekombe.

Features

Battleships vane simba atirari warrior motokari. Pakutanga Guru Patriotic War mubasa nyika yavo yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru. Battleships of USSR akanga unhu basa akasiyana-siyana zviridzwa zviri kuramba upgraded. Kakawanda chombo raiva guru-caliber zvigwagwagwa, Avangard sepombi. Ngarava idzi zvinopa kudzivirira Leningrad, Sevastopol nemamwe maguta ari pedyo nemhenderekedzo.

Kirasi "Sevastopol"

Battleships kirasi iyi vane tarisisa muviri chimiro, sezvamakaropafadzwa nzvimbo yacho freeboard uye chokumisa icebreaking fomu kushoma. Kana chiduku nokureba Hull chikepe tonnage yakanga matani 23,000, asi chaizvoizvo yaiva anenge 26,000 matani. The mafuta akashandiswa marasha, uye kana aida kumanikidzwa oparesheni, mafuta. Izvi Soviet Navy battleships vakanga vakapakata nesimba muti 42 000 litres. a. panguva kumhanya 23 change uye kushambira daro 4000 mamaira.

Sezvo zvombo raanoziva vakapakata Linear dzichapambwa pfuti vakaronga linearly uye zvakasiyana hwokugadzira vachiridzira yevanhu 1,8 paminiti. Rakashandiswa ihwohwo mumugodhi 16 pfuti 120 neMM, ane mwero aiva 7 vaitenderera paminiti, vakabata nhumbi dzose kuiswa pakati achipfeka. placement Uku atirari kwakakonzera yakaderera kunyatsoshanda ari kupfura, iyo, pamwe pasi seaworthiness pamusoro chigadzirwe wakavaita kuoma kudzora.

battleships izvi USSR vakanga pasi mazuvaano kunyange pamberi Hondo Yenyika II, zvakazoita kuvandudzika ngarava Silhouette: vaiva tangi-wedzera-pakuti zvakasimba inoomerera muviri, uye musoro akanga akafukidzwa vafuke flooring. Kuchinja zvakakanganisa uta, simba zvinomera uye kuvandudza mararamiro nokuda chikwata.

"Paris Tauriranai"

yehondo iyi ari upgraded ichangobva. Nokufamba kuvandudza misha yaro zvakawedzera injini simba rakanga yepamusorosoro uye vakasvika 61 000 zvapano, ngarava ine pamusoro kumhanya 23.5 nokusunungura mapfundo. nzeve zvikuru mazuvaano kwave inobhadharwa kwokungosimbisa mhepo kuzvidavirira zvombo: shure uta uye vaiva 6 pfuti Anti-ndege 76 neMM, 16 atirari pfuti uye 14 zvigwagwagwa. battleships izvi Hondo Yenyika II, Soviet Union zvaishandiswa kudzivirira Sevastopol. Nokuti zvose Kurwa muHondo Yenyika II chigadzirwe vaiitawo 15 rutsigiro rwemauto, akaita 10 atirari vachiridzira, akaratidza anopfuura 20 aizotambudzazve nendege muvengi ndokupfura pasi ndege muvengi matatu.

MuHondo Yenyika II, ngarava payakanga akadzivirira Sevastopol uye Kerch Strait. Kurwa wokutanga kwakaitika musi November 8, 1941, uye chete kekutanga kurwa vaparadza vakawanda matangi, pfuti, motokari uto kutakura zvimwe zvinhu.

"Vanya"

battleships izvi USSR akadzivirira nzira kuna Leningrad, achitungamira kudzivirira guta 8 mazuva. Panguva imwe kurwisa nomuvengi muchikepe vakauya mabhomba maviri chete kuti akaparadza uta muchikepe uye kwakakonzera detonation pakati deko wedzimba. Somugumisiro ichi chiitiko chinorwadza vakauraya 326 vanhu - rakarira nhengo. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, ngarava kukwana buoyancy aft chikamu adzoka, izvo akanyura, akavapo. VeGermany kwenguva refu akaedza kuparadza hunenge yehondo, yaishandiswa edu muchiuto sezvo nhare dzokurwa.

Zvisinei, pashure Kwechinguva chigadzirwe chakagadziriswa uye zvishoma rakadzorerwa, asi kunyange izvi akamubvumira kudzivisa atirari moto muvengi: pashure kudzorerwa zvikepe vakaparadzwa ndege, mabhatiri, uye vashandi nomuvengi. Muna 1943, yehondo pakati USSR Yakazopiwa zita rokuti "Petropavlovsk", uye kunyange pashure 7 makore zvachose wakasuduruka basa uye hwakatamisirwa inodzidzisirwa.

"October Revolution"

yehondo ichi pakutanga vachishandisa Tallinn, asi pamwe pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II rave kutamiswa Kronstadt, rekukwazisa guta rakatanga podstupat vokuGermany. "October Revolution" kwava yakavimbika atirari kudzivirira guta, sezvo kuedza zvose kunyura imwe yehondo pakati German Army havana kubudirira. Munguva yehondo, chikuru yehondo pakati USSR akaratidza somunhu akavimbika muvengi pamusoro mvura.

From "Gangut" kuti "Revolution"

Zita yepakutanga yaiva yehondo "Hanko". Yakanga pasi zita iri, ngarava akatora mugove World War First: pasi wawo ndokugara minefields, vakazochinja akaridza hakuna German ngarawa. Mushure rakavapa zita idzva chikepe akashanda ari Second World War, vanhu vokuGermany vakanga kuedza zvose kubata nawo akundikana. battleships Soviet Hondo Yenyika II zvavo akavimbika: somuenzaniso, "October Revolution" akanga pasi vakawanda avhiyesheni uye atirari kurwiswa, uye zvichiri vakaramba. The chaizvo chete chigadzirwe munguva yehondo yakabereka anenge 1500 anoshongwa wairatidza dzakawanda mhepo vachirwisa, akapfura pasi 13 ndege uye ane vakawanda vakuvara.

Main musango "Gangut" ( "October Revolution")

An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti zvakunoreva zvikepe hondo yedu haina kamwe panguva mbiri dzenyika - vekutanga nevechipiri - zvikasaitwa muhondo ari battleships muvengi. Kurwa chete waiitwa "Sevastopol" ichiri muna Civil War, kana ngarava tucked mu muparadzi "Azard" uye dzinga kurwisa sokukudza British kuvaparadzi nomwe.

Kazhinji, "Hanko" akashanyira matatu danidziro mauto kuBaltic, apo akapa zvangu kwenheyo, akateverwa Red Army, iye akapiwa zita idzva, uye waibatanidzwa muGungwa reBaltic wengarava mauto. Yehondo aiitawo muSoviet-Finnish War kutsigira moto pasi mauto. Chinonyanya rakaoma raiva chigadzirwe Leningrad kuzvidzivirira.

Muna 1941, 27 September, panguva chikepe rakarova bhomba yairema 500 makirogiramu, izvo dzakapasanura napakati uriri, akabvarura neshongwe.

"Arkhangelsk"

Havasi vose battleships ose USSR panguva Second World War dzaimbova mubasa wenyika yedu. Saka, mashoko yehondo "Arkhangelsk" Pakutanga chikamu Naval rengarava Great Britain, uye ipapo hwakatamisirwa Soviet Union. Hazvina kunoshamisa, asi chikepe akarega kuna US, iri vakapakata ano radar enyika nokuti mifananidzo zvose zvombo. Ndokusaka "Arkhangelsk" inonziwo iri HMS Royal Changamire.

Mumakore interwar, kuti yehondo akanga modernized kakawanda, uye zvokutamba. Uye kuchinja vakanga achinyanya retrofitting pfuti. Hondo Yenyika II yehondo kuti akanga atova zvisingachashandi, asi, pasinei ichi, achiri waibatanidzwa zvikepe munyika. Asi basa rake haana akashinga sezvo dzimwe battleships: Muganhu Kola Bay, izvo zvakapa moto tsamwisa mauto eSoviet uye kubvisa vanhu vokuGermany akabvarura "Arkhangelsk" kunyanya akamira kure. Muna January 1949, ngarava payakanga mumaoko UK.

Projects battleships USSR

Battleships of USSR, zvirongwa zvakatendeka vakava dzakasiyana-siyana mainjiniya, vagara zvakurukurwa pakati kupfuura akavimbika munyika. Somuenzaniso, imwe injiniya Bubnov sverhdrednouta aronga chirongwa, iyo Akakwezva elaboration ose mashoko, atirari simba, mukuru-nokukurumidza pakufamba uye zvakakwana pamwero kuchengetedza. Design akatanga muna 1914, pamwe huru basa zvemainjiniya kwaiva nenzvimbo matatu chetyrehorudiynye shongwe pamusoro nyaya duku, izvo zvakanga zvisina kukwana kuti zvombo zvakadaro. Zvakaitika kuti chikepe yakaramba iri ezvinhu pasina yakavimbika Anti-Avangard kuzvidavirira. The chikuru zvishandiso zvombo ari muchikepe ichi vaiva:

• chikuru dzokurwa bhandi, izvo asiwo 2/3 Kureba mudziyo;
• chinjikira kuchengetedza mana nhanho;
• tenderera shongwe bhuku;
• 12 pfuti ari shongwe uye 24 zvangu caliber kwepfuti, dzakanga iri casemates.

Nyanzvi vanoti yehondo - simba kurwisa Unit, iro kuchienzaniswa nezvavatorwa analogues akagona kutanga nokumhanya 25 nokusunungura mapfundo. Zvisinei, Reservations havana kukwana kare panguva World War Chokutanga, uye mazuvaano rwengarava haana akaronga ...

Project injiniya Kostenko

battleships Perfect yeRussia uye Soviet Union kakawanda anonunurwa nemauto eSoviet. Mumwe zviitiko aiva chikepe Kostenko, anonzi zvikuru achangopfuura. mamiriro ayo anosanganisira zvakanaka-mwero maitiro zvombo, ichimhanya zvikuru uye bhuku yepamusoro. Basa kwaibva Anglo-German ruzivo Hondo Jutland, saka injiniya akaramba kuderedza chinotangira atirari zvokushandisa ngarava. Asi ainyanya kufunga vakadengezera muviri dzokurwa mufambo.

Ngarava iyi yakagadzirirwa sezvo zvakawanda mushanduro mana, waitova kuva uchitsanya ndiro pfungwa yokutanga. Muna Bhaibheri Bubnov, kuti chigadzirwe aiva rakakura Inorwiwa, izvo kuzadzikiswa kunoitwa bulkhead kwamahwendefa maviri. Horizontal bhuku akabata shop akawanda, izvo pachazvo vaiita dzokurwa kukuya. Reservation mabasa neshongwe, achicheka, dzeraundi mudziyo, uyezve, wachi injiniya kuti Avangard azvidzivirire, izvo kwokutanga battleships akazviratidza muchimiro nyore longitudinal bulkhead.

Sezvo pfungwa kushandisa zvombo injiniya zvokurimisa chikuru caliber pfuti 406 mm uye 130 mm. Chokutanga iri neshongwe, chinopa zvakawanda moto zvakanaka. Projects ari mudziyo, Sezvambotaurwa, vakanga zvakasiyana, kuti kukanganiswa kuwanda kwepfuti.

Project Engineer Gavrilova

Gavrilov aida kuvaka kupfuura simba, vanonzi shoma battleships USSR. Photo inoratidza kuti mienzaniso yakadaro vakanga mupfupi, asi nezuva hwokugadzira uye operative maitiro akanga tibudirire. Maererano mukuru pfungwa, yehondo yaimirira vakaomerwa chikepe vane nokurondedzerwa vakanga vava kuda kuwana chechetere. Chirongwa akatora kufunga chete simba kupfuura zvombo kuita:

• 16 caliber pfuti huru 406 mm peshongwe mana;
• 24 nezvidimbu 152 mm mu caliber pamusoro casemates angu.

zvombo kwakadaro zvikuru kunoenderana pfungwa Russian shipbuilding apo akaona inoshamisa wemishonga kunonyanyisa inobvira atirari saturation pane mukuru mwero kana Réservation kukuvara. Zviri, panzira, akanga asiri zvomunda zhinji battleships Soviet. Asi chikepe propulsion hurongwa aiva mumwe kupfuura simba, nokuti chiito chacho kwaibva turbines, transformers.

midziyo Features

Battleships of USSR panguva Second World War (Photo inosimbisa simba ravo), maererano Gavrilova zvirongwa vakagadzirira pamwe zvemberi panguva iyoyo enyika. Kufanana yapfuura mainjiniya, iye akateerera Réservation, iyo Réservation rakanga zvishoma zvikuru ukobvu. Asi nyanzvi yakaratidza kuti kunyange atirari simba, matunhu aimhanya pakufamba uye hombe kukura chigadzirwe ichi zvaizenge nyore kana uchisangana muvengi.

zvabuda

Maererano nenyanzvi, mashoko Second World War aiva chaicho danho kuona mamiriro battleships veSoviet Kuwanikwa. Somugumisiro, zvikepe kurwa haana kugadzirira rinoparadza uye nesimba maatomu mabhomba nezvombo zvakarurama-asingandirayiridzi. Saka pedyo kuguma hondo zvikepe mutsetse vakarega kuva uto simba, uye kukura ndege inotakura anotsanangura vasina rokufungwa zvikuru. Stalin akarayira battleships risingabatanidzwi urongwa wengarava shipbuilding nokuti havana kundosangana zvaidiwa nguva.

Somugumisiro, boka raivapo zvikepe dzakadaro dzakanga wakasuduruka, sezvo "October Revolution" uye "Paris Tauriranai", dzimwe mhando akaiswa chengetedza. Zvadaro, Khrushchev akasiya basa munyika mashoma rinorema atirari zvikepe, tichifunga kushanda kwavo pakurwa. Uye October 29, 1955 mu North Bay pakati Sevastopol akanyura pasi flagship kweGungwa Dema rengarava - rokupedzisira chigadzirwe yeSoviet "Novorossiysk". Pashure chiitiko ichi, nyika yedu vanoti bhayibhayi kuti pfungwa yokuva chikamu chacho rengarava battleships.