Russian rinorema zvigwagwagwa uye runyararo. Kuenzanisa rinorema zvigwagwagwa

Kunyange World War First muhondo akazviratidza vangasimudzira itsva uye rinotyisa chombo - rinorema zvigwagwagwa. Mumakore iwayo kwakanga kusina dzokurwa, iro aizokwanisa kuvadzivirira, uye pokugara, izvo setsika aishandiswa inifanduri (enyika uye huni) Kazhinji inorema mabara rakapinda nepagedhi. Kunyange nhasi, rinorema zvigwagwagwa chinhu chakanakisisa chishandiso kuparadzwa muvengi inifanduri kurwa motokari, warrior vashandi vatakuri uye helicopters. Pfungwa, mumwe anogona nekugogodza kunyange ndege, asi ano rwisana ndege kwavari zvakare kutsanya.

Zvisinei, chikuru zvazvakashatira zvombo zvose zvakadaro ayo uremu uye miganhu. Vamwe mhando (nemubhedha) zvingabudirira kuyera makirogiramu anopfuura maviri. Sezvo kuverenga wake kazhinji ine vanhu vaviri chete kana vatatu, nedzimwe zvakasimba achifambisa kutaura zvavo kwete zvakakodzera. Zvisinei, rinorema zvigwagwagwa aigona vachiri Mobile zvombo zvakakwana. Ichi ndicho chokutanga yasimbiswa asi panguva iyoyo World War I, kana vakatanga kupfeka jeeps uye kunyange chiduku rori.

DSHK

Muna 1930, yakakurumbira mugadziri Degtyarev akatanga kuva zvachose itsva pfuti. Saka anotanga nyaya kunozivikanwa DSK, izvo nhasi inomira mubasa munyika dzakawanda pasi pose. Gunsmith akafunga kugadzira nokuda chitsva panguva katuriji B-30 vane bara caliber 12.7 mm. Aizivikanwa Shpagin kusikirwa pfuti itsva kwakasiyana hurongwa bhandi simba unopfuura. Pakutanga 1939, iye rakagamuchirwa Dzvuku Army.

Revised Shpagin

Sezvatakamboreva, chepakutanga shanduro chombo yakazokudziridzwa muna 1930. Makore matatu gare gare akatanga Serial kugadzirwa. Pasinei akawanda akanaka nounhu, akanga maviri payakaipira zvakakomba zvikuru: mwero moto wakanga 360 chete dzinenge paminiti, uye mwero anobatsira yakanga kunyange yakaderera, sezvo ari chepakutanga kugadzirwa kunosanganisira kushandisa rinorema kana netsa muzvitoro. Ndokusaka chisarudzo pamusoro kugumiswa Serial kugadzirwa pfuti rakagamuchirwa muna 1935, riri kunyanya kunoenderana nechokwadi nguva yake.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko, kukura akaunzwa kunozivikanwa Shpagin, uyo pakarepo aida kushandisa Drum simba wedzerai redunhu ane bhendi zvokudya zvombo. By pakutevedzera wemuTesitamende maoko famba ruoko, izvo exchange nesimba upfu magasi ari dhiramu, yakanga yakakwana nyika yaivapo. Kunakisa yakanga kuti okunatsiridza kwakadaro kusingasanganisiri chero zvakakomba uye anodhura okunatsiridza kuti muduku Soviet Republic yaikosha.

akadzokorora nemafungiro

The pfuti yakanga kuzodzosera wokurera muna 1938. Ndiye kunyanya kuonga zvakanaka multi-basa michina, nako ANC anochinja kuva chombo yezvisikwa: inogona nyore kushandiswa kudzvinyirira muvengi pasi mauto (kusanganisira kuparadzwa masvingo), kuparadzwa helicopters low-kubhururuka ndege, uyewo kuvakanganise chiedza warrior motokari. Kuparadza mhepo zvinhu muchina yaora pamwe mawa Kumutsa zvinotsigira bipod.

Nokuda kwayo rwisana unyanzvi soro DSK ainakidzwa vakakodzera kukurumbira pakati pamatavi zvose zvehondo anenge. Pakapera hondo pfuti ndavhiyiwa zvishomanana nadzurudzo. Chakasimudzira sei zvimwe zvinoumba ari mashandiro simba uye shutter gungano. Uyezve, imwe zvishoma dzakachinjwa nzira vanomhanyisa Upfu.

Last nadzurudzo of pfuti, kuisa basa muna 1946 (DShKM), rinoshandisa imwe siyanei nheyo kushandisa michina. Powder magasi mu Upfu nepakaburi. Hunde munhu asiri replaceable, aigovera kuti kutonhora zvimbi (kufanana redhiyeta). Kuti neutralize simba hazviiti akashandisa tomu mabhureki -siyana mazano.

Musiyano mukuru pakati maviri okunatsiridza pfuti - mudziyo of feeder. Saka, muna DShKM aishandisa yemasiraidhi mhando hurongwa, apo nowakautangira - Drum. Zvisinei, Kolesnikov maitiro muchina anoramba zvachose kuchinja kubva 1938, sezvo chinhu tichaona hazvibviri kuchinja. Machine pfuti pasi pepuranga ichi anoyera 160 makirogiramu. Chokwadi, handina kunyanya kunaka kuti zvivanakire kushandiswa kwayo. Zvisinei, chombo zvinowanzoshandiswa sezvo Anti-ndege uye kushandiswa kudzora chiedza warrior motokari romuvengi, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa rinorema muchina zvakakodzera.

Kushandiswa kwazvino ANC

Panguva Great Patriotic War of Soviet Union panguva miti zvakanga zvaitwa zvuru mapfumbamwe pfuti muenzaniso uyu. Zvisinei, pashure pehondo, kuti ANC nomukurumbira chaizvo munyika yose. Saka, nadzurudzo kwayo, DShKM, achiri anoramba kubudiswa Pakistan uye China. Panewo mashoko mumatanda ari pfuti ari kuchengeterwa depots wehondo Russian. Very dzakakurumbira chombo Russia mukurwisana mu Africa.

Veterans yeuka kuti zvose zvombo izvi chaizvoizvo anocheka pasi matete miti uye rinobaya zvakanaka kuburikidza kwaye chaizvo girth hunde dzacho. Saka pamusoro havaratidzi zvombo inifanduri (uye chii zvinowanikwa munzvimbo iwayo), uyu "murume wekare" anoshanda zvakakwana. Asi chikuru mukana pfuti, riri kunyanya kushanda panyaya havaratidzi vakadzidziswa mauto - zvayo zvinoshamisa akavimbika uye nyore ichishanda.

taura pfungwa

Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi mauto kuti ANC uye kunyange DShKM shora. Chokwadi kuti ichi chombo akanga yakataurwa zviri Yechipiri World War. Zvadaro nyika yedu yave chakaipa upfu, asi nokuti nyanzvi vakasarudza Kuwedzera kune ruoko. Somugumisiro, nhare rinorema uye kwete kukwirira simba. Saka, anorichengeta yedu - 12.7h108 mm. NATO anoshandisa chete zvombo kubudikidza Browning ... 12,7h99 mm! Uye izvi proviso kuti cartridges vane ndezvomuzana chete simba.

Zvisinei, pane chiitiko ichi ndiyo yakanaka divi. Domestic caliber zvombo zvose 12.7 uye 14,5 mm - munhu tsime chairo gunsmiths ano. Pane prerequisites zvose nekuda pakusikwa cartridges kupfuura simba kuti icharega ravo guru-dimensional maitiro.

NSV "koralliriutta"

Kare 70s uto eSoviet kutanga muna ezvipfuwo kutamira pfuti Nikitina design, Volkov uye Sokolov - "The Rock." Zvombo, akagamuchira rakapfupikiswa zita HCB, ndokuiswa basa muna 1972, asi nhasi anoramba chikuru rinorema pfuti weHondo Russian.

Imwe yacho chinosiyanisa zvinhu ndiyo zvikuru yakaderera uremu. It anoyera rinorema pfuti NSV 41 chete makirogiramu pamwe muchina! Izvi zvinobvumira dzemaitirwe chaiyo anokurumidza kuchinja unhu hwavo muhondo. Kana tikaenzanisa pfuti itsva chete DShKM, pakarepo akauraya neDare nyore, zvipfupi uye ndaisagona nepurani. Flame arrester ane conical chimiro iri hunde, izvo zvakarurama vanogona "ziva" "Dombo". The chombo anozivikanwa zvikonzero zvakasiyana chaizvo.

"Antisnayper"

NSV akava nomukurumbira kuti chinhambwe chimwe kiromita (!) Nharaunda pamusoro mabara vakawaridza asingadi kupfuudza metres rimwe nehafu, iyo iri mhando chombo anenge semhedziso chinyorwa. In pfuti yakanga ruremekedzo zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Antisnayper" zviviri Chechen danidziro. Munzira dzakawanda, izvi nokuda specificity kuti chikumbiro chayo achiri simba anodzoka, zvichiita kuti kupfeka zvinenge zvose okunatsiridza ano simba kuona kuti ichi mhando chombo.

Panewo tangi musiyano wezvinyorwa, unova chidimbu NSVT. Zvinonzi akatasva Matangi, kutangira T-64. Mutungamiriri mudzimba dzokurwa, T-90, uyewo ine zvombo. Tichingotarisa NSVT pamusoro michina izvi rinoshandiswa sechinhu Anti-ndege chombo, asi tsika rinoshandiswa sezvo nguva kudzvinyirira pasi kunangwa. Uyai pasi munhu ano rwisana neherikoputa (tisingatauri ndege) Anti-ndege pfuti iri hunonzi zvichibvira, asi kuti chinangwa ichi ndicho chombo nani akakodzera chombo Russian.

KORD

Netambo anomirira "Kovrov gunsmiths-Degtyarevtsy". Basa iri yokusika kwayo muna Kovrov vakatanga pakarepo pashure pokuwa USSR. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena: kugadzirwa "The Rock" panguva iyoyo akanga ari wenharaunda Kazakhstan, chisingazivi kundosangana wakazovapo zvinofarirwa munyika.

Mugadziri mukuru chirongwa chitsva vaiva Namidulin, Obidin, Bogdanov uye Zhirehin. Hwaro yakatorwa chaiwo NSV, asi hakungoitwi banal gunsmiths mazuvaano kwayo. Chekutanga, chiedza pfuti pakupedzisira kukurumidza kuchinja dhiramu. It akasikwa Korpela tsvakurudzo anenge yose Kudya, asi zvinoguma mutengo; riri chinoitirwa chaiyo ano, iyo inopa kunonyanyisa yunifomu kutonhora zvinhu panguva vachiridzira. Just nekuti mumwe zvinhu zvakarurama uye kururama (zvichienzaniswa NSV) yakawedzera kusvika kaviri! Mukuwedzera, netambo rekutanga pfuti, nokuti icho pane "yepamutemo" shanduro NATO katuriji.

Pakupedzisira, ndicho chombo chete ari mukirasi, izvo zvinoita inoshanda moto ine bipod. kurema kwayo 32 makirogiramu. Kure nokuva dzakafanana, asi vaviri unogona kuba. Sighting siyana panguva pasi huru anenge maviri makiromita. Chiizve rinorema zvigwagwagwa vari Russia?

CPV KPVT

Uye brainchild Kovrova zvakare. Ndicho nhengo simba kupfuura vekirasi guru-caliber zvigwagwagwa munyika. Chombo ndiko simba ravo rwisana inonanga: Chine simba Anti-tangi pfuti uye zvigwagwagwa. Pashure pezvose, rinorema pfuti katuriji CPV - "chete", asi kunozivikanwa 14,5h114! Munguva ichangopfuura iyi, achibatsirwa kwayo unogona gurunurai chero revarwi neherikoputa kana chiedza warrior motokari zvinogona mupikisi.

kukura kwake unyanzvi gunsmith, akabatana muna 1943, musi ayo pachangu. The hwaro mugadziri akatora-ndege pfuti muna 20 yake zvakagadzirwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nguva pfupi asati paakarasikirwa Hurumende Miedzo ShVAK, asi mamiriro ayo aiva nyore chaizvo uye yakavimbika chinangwa wakaiswa Vladimirov. We digress zvishoma. Gunsmith zvakazara kukwanisa kuziva chinangwa chake muupenyu: hwake rinorema zvigwagwagwa (mufananidzo uri munyaya ino) nhasi anoziva ose crewman akashumira pakati Matangi Soviet!

Kana afunge Vladimirov akashandisa dzekare zano ane pfupi hazviiti, izvo zvakava kwazvo kunyange mu "Bamba". Automatic pfuti rinobvumira Nokuraramisa chete otomatiki moto. Mune inifanduri shanduro CPV rinoshandiswa easel chimiro, akafanana chiedza pfuti. The muchina yave upgraded kakawanda, uye muhondo varwi kazhinji kuzviita pachavo, maererano hunhu muhondo. Somuenzaniso, muna Afghanistan vose mapato mukakavadzane akashandisa CPV pamwe mukaravhani iiswe Manyiminya kuona.

Muna 1950, kukura tangi okunatsiridza zvinonyatsoziva-nekusimba chombo kwakatangwa. Nokukurumidza Vladimirov rinorema pfuti rikatanga dzinenge dzose dzehondo dzose USSR kugadzirwa. In nadzurudzo iyi, maoko zvakakomba dzakachinjwa: wemagetsi shutter (27B), hapana sighting mano, dzinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo Manyiminya zvinotyisa tangi kumabasa murwi uye wavarwi.

In Africa, kuRussia rinorema zvigwagwagwa kwazvo yakakurumbira vose, pasina chakasara, vari kushandiswa sezvo mauto yepamutemo uye gurusvusvu Assorted emakoronyera. mazano edu mauto rangarira kuti kuita muUN Mauto varwi vakanga vachitya kwazvo CPV, sezvo iye nyore anombotwasanudza nomwoyo chiedza warrior motokari, akamira yose kumadokero muchiuto munharaunda idzodzo. Zvino anenge ose BTR uye BMP zvinogona muvengi "nyore" zvakanaka kudzivirirwa kubva ichi rinorema pfuti. Chero zvazvingava, frontal fungidziro yokuti "akavhara pasi" zvachose.

Zvisinei, vose rinorema zvigwagwagwa Russia (USSR panguva iyoyo) aiva akakurumbira chaizvo vari panhengo Mujahideen muna Afghanistan. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanenge 15% of Soviet Mi-24 vakarasikirwa nemauto zvikonzero, vakapfurwa pasi nokuda zvombo izvi.

Heavy zvigwagwagwa, NATO

Munyika vanovhara NATO kutanga zvombo izvi yainyanya pamwe chete mitsetse, izvo dzaiva dzokufananidzira nokuti nyika (somuenzaniso, caliber zvigwagwagwa anenge kufanana). Masoja vakakumbira simba uye yakavimbika pfuti, pamwe kubudirira wakaenzana Kunochinja ukryvshuyusya nokuda parapets inifanduri uye chiedza warrior motokari nomuvengi.

Zvisinei, pane zvinokosha kusiyana maviri zvikoro zvombo-mugiredhi. Saka, yokuGermany Wehrmacht rinorema zvigwagwagwa zvavo zvakanga zvisina basa. Ndokusaka kazhinji NATO rinoshandiswa kuroorwa M2NV, yatiri kukurukura.

M2NV Browning, USA

The US Army ndiyo inozivikanwa pakuti iye anoda kukurumidza kuchinja zvombo vaishandisa ivhu itsva uye zvinovimbisa. Kana ari M2NV mutemo uyu haashandi. Izvi "sekuru", zvakagadzirirwa nokuda kunozivikanwa Browning, mubasa kubva 1919! Chokwadi, pfuti MG-3, vakamira pamusoro maoko Bundeswehr uye modernized kopi MG-42, "Hitler akaona" anogona kuenzaniswa naye yekare mudzinza, asi anoshandisa NATO 7,62h51 caliber.

Machine pfuti akapinda basa muna 1923. Muna 1938, izvozvo upgraded nokuwedzera elongated hunde. Kutaura zvazviri, mune chimiro ichi, kuchiri ariko. Kubvira ipapo, "murume wekare" airamba kunyora kure, nguva dzose kuitisa makwikwi kuritsiva, asi zvakadaro kure mukana wakakwana nzira kune nekusimba nezvombo.

Nhoroondo yacho kukura unofadza zvikuru. US Army nokukurumidza inoda rinorema pfuti, izvo aizopa yakavimbika kukundwa muvengi ndege (murayiro wakabva General Pershing, mutungamiri Expeditionary Force). Browning, uyo akanga kupererwa mazuva vakapinda nyore uye Washington.

Sezvo nheyo chero chombo katuriji, uye mukana wakakwana caliber pfuti kubva Yankees mumazuva iwayo haana, kungova akatora katuriji 7,62 wayo zvakagadzirwa uye kwakawedzera kaviri. chiyero ichi chakaonekwa kwenguva pfupi, asi chisarudzo akabudirira zvinoshamisa: zvinenge zvose rinorema zvigwagwagwa kuMadokero ari kushandisa zvombo ichi.

Zviya, nzvimbo iyi kuti digression. Ungave wakacherechedza kuti katuriji, iro rinoshandiswa mudzimba uye dzimwe zvombo muchikwata ichi, ndiye anoita zvakafanana. Tatotaura pamusoro zvikonzero Fani iyi, asi ngatiite kutaura mashoko mashoma. Kana kutarira okufananidza patafura, muchaona kusava zvakakwana zvombo 14,5 mm rinorema zvigwagwagwa pakati NATO.

Izvi zvakare imhaka musiyano padzidziso muchiuto: Yankees vanoti (kwete kutarisira) kuti mabasa kwaiita chombo kuzvigona akwegura nhare chakagadzirirwa Browning. Zvose hune geji, yaiva kumadokero kupatsanura kare rinoreva "maturusi diki" uye naizvozvo haisi pfuti.

Gun "Browning M2 HQCB" (Belgium)

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vana chaiwo Browning akatendeuka kubva zvinoshamisa inobudirira, maitiro ayo kurongwa, kwete mauto zvose Western. The Belgians, uyo vagara inozivikanwa unhu maoko, yakasarudza kuitisa yakazvimirira mazuvaano pamusoro American pfuti. Kutaura zvazviri, pakutanga Herstal boka aida kuti chinhu yavo, asi nokuda kwokupa kuderedza mari kwacho uye kuramba chamazuva tsaru nokushanda, nyanzvi dzakamanikidzwa kusiya.

Zvisinei, pamusoro kuvandudzika zvombo hakuna kukanganiswa. Armourers zveBelgium akashongedzerwa izvozvo rinorema mudhiramu pamwe itsanangudzo nomazviri kwayo "kupisa" kutsiviwa. Izvi akavandudzika zvikuru kurwisa unhu zvombo. Mushanduro yapfuura, "thoroughbred" American "mbiri" nokuti kutsiva dhiramu kwaidiwa vanhu dzinenge mbiri, uye basa raiva husiri nyore kuwana ngozi. Vazhinji Masvomhu pamusoro-soro M2NV okunatsiridza vakarasikirwa minwe mairi. Sezvingatarisirwa, vaida ichi chombo shoma. Machine pfuti Browning Anti-ndege nadzurudzo dzinongoita nechikonzero ichi vakanga ne "Oerlikon" pfuti, dzaiva zvikuru simba kwete chete, asi vasina chinetso ichi.

Zvakanzi zvekare akawedzera kunowedzera Chrome rwomumwoyo mugodhi dhayamita, izvo zvakawedzera zvinoshamisa survivability ayo kunyange pasi kunounzwa muhondo. Shooting kubva pfuti kuti siyana izvi zvakanaka nokuti yaitsiva munhu mumwe chete kunodiwa hunde kuwanda regadziriro remapazi riri kushoma, uye ngozi wokusvika vakapisa anenge hapana.

Oddly zvakakwana, asi zvinokwanisika kuderedza mari Chrome pfuti. Chokwadi chokuti yamboshandiswa zvirongo pamwe Stellite unhani. Zvakanga zvikuru dzinodhura, uye upenyu basa Upfu nguva dzinenge mbiri duku kupfuura dzomuzana, zvinenge zvakazara Chrome. Kusvika panguva Belgians kubereka siyana mazuvaano Kits kuti M2NV chero yekare zvinogona dzikwanise M2 HQCB mauto regimental mudonzvo.

Machine pfuti L11A1 (HMG)

Uye kamwe zvakare pamberi pedu - "zvakafanana" Browning. Zvisinei, muna Chirungu shanduro. Chokwadi, yekudyidzana upgraded uye akavandudzika. Vanamazvikokota vakawanda vanofunga kuti zvakanakisisa pakati yose yokufunga "mwana" M2VN.

Pakati zvakagadzirwa - the "nyoro Hardware". Kana isu siya Mubvise acho, ndiwo kwegadziriro damping kwechirwere uye vibration, nokuda iyo unorema pfuti anova chombo zvikuru, zvakarurama chaizvo. Uyezve, nyika gunsmiths Rake mambo akapa shanduro avo ezvinhu anokurumidza kuchinja dhiramu. Kazhinji, zviri muzvinhu zvakawanda yakafanana yaida zano, kuti Belgians.

vamwe mhedziso

Kana tikaenzanisa humboo kubva patafura iyi ruzivo pamusoro vemo rinorema pfuti, zvinova pachena kuti kirasi iyi zvombo zvikurukuru yakafanana. The musiyano inokosha hwokugadzira unhu diki, kuoneka kusiyana vakawanda. Western rinorema zvigwagwagwa vanoyera zvakati zvakawanda. Izvi imhaka yokuti kwavo dzidziso uto kashoma zvinoratidza Infantry chikumbiro chavo, ichipa kugadzwa zvombo zvakadaro zvehondo michina.

The Inonyanya kubata mauto NATO pfuti ndivo 5,56 uye 7.62 (pomureza Ichokwadi). Kushomeka firepower zvidzidzo zvaizopedza ne vakawanda vakanyatsodzidziswa nemasoja akavanda uye pakavha kushanda ari kurwisana ezvinhu mapoka mapoka avhiyesheni uye / kana zvombo. Zvechokwadi, rimwe rinorema pfuti tangi iri kagumi akasimba kurwa simba, saka kuti nzira iyi kodzero upenyu.