Yepasi pemvura "vakanciq", chirongwa 677

Military akavhiyiwa mugungwa vane guru yepakutanga zvinhu. Ndosaka Naval basa hwagara zvakurukurwa kunyanya uchikudzwa, uye musoro "Admiral" inenge nguva aikoshesa kupfuura vemauto. Mumwe zvinhu hondo iri mvura kuti unogona nguva dzose kumirira kurwiswa kwete chete pane chikamu muvengi pamusoro zvikepe uye ndege, asiwo kubva pasi mumvura.

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura eGermany rwaityisa chaiyo dzairwisa panguva Second World War, kutumira mamiriyoni ematani zvinhu uye zviuru ngarava nechepasi kuAtlantic. The Soviet Union vakaonga mupiro rokuGermany kukura yepasi pemvura rengarava, kutangira muna yepashure pehondo yemhando kukura mune mirayiridzo iyi.

Paaitaura shoko "yepasi pemvura" mune vanhu vakawanda kamwe pane kuwadzana chihombe yepasi pemvura chikepe akatakura zvinouraya nhumbi muchikepe muchimiro rinorema ballistic zvombo, inokwanisa kuunza chihombe dambudziko fungidzira mupikisi. Panguva iyoyowo vanhuwo kukanganwa kuti Navy ano hapana zvishoma zvinokosha ndivo duku Diesel-dzemagetsi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Ndivo hunokosha Chokwadi okupandukira, nokuti nechivando kumhara pamhenderekedzo muvengi.

"Vakanciq" mumwe inobudirira zvikuru chirongwa aiva yepasi pemvura. Nezvazvo nhasi uye tichazvidudzira.

tsananguro

667 Court chirongwa akaronga kuita ushori uye sabhoteji mabasa pamusoro pemvura zvikepe uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura romuvengi, kudzivirira kumahombekombe nzvimbo kubva muvengi dzepabonde, uyewo kugadzirwa minefields uye nezvimwe zvinetso zvakafanana. Nokudaro, yepasi pemvura "vakanciq", iro rine mufananidzo munyaya iri optimally yakakodzera mabasa zviri muhondo dzemazuva ano, izvo zvinoda kunonyanyisa famba uye namano.

A chepfungwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzino ndiye zano kuvakwa dzavo, rinonzi "muzvina matatu". Chokwadi chokuti muviri (akaita hwendarira AB-2) rine chete dhayamita kumarudzi kureba kwayo. Kusiyana guru yenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, uta uye shure kuva yakajeka idenderedzwa chimiro. Nokuda bulkheads ari Hull rakakamurwa yoga zvikamu zvishanu. Anoshonga mungarava matatu.

Chaizvo hydrodynamic Unhu inopiwa munhu yakarongerwa muviri streamlined zvikurukuru zvakanaka. Mudhirowa zvidzidzo vane anawo tiguu anenge inozivikanwa nezvikepe chirongwa 877, asi muswe empennage akaita crosswise, uye pamberi mavhiri vari akatasva miviri. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti varege kusika mudukusa zvaibvira kuvhiringidzwa mune Akash zvokushandisa, izvo nepokuongorora yepasi pemvura. The "Harmony" iri mupfungwa uyu chipimo chaiyo: zviri zvikuru akanyarara, zvakaoma chaizvo kuziva achishandisa Akash uye pasi pemvura acoustics.

chombo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura

The chikuru nzira yokuzvidzivirira uye kurwiswa ndiwo motokari nhanhatu kuti vomurova torpedoes caliber 533 neMM, pamwe mumigodhi maviri pamusoro yokumusoro uriri zvakagadzirirwa vachiridzira asingandirayiridzi munitions. Mureza zvombo yaisanganisira 18 torpedoes. Kakawanda, yepasi pemvura "vakanciq 677" anoshandisa Generic mhando zvombo (SAET-60M, UGST), anokosha torpedoes kuparadza muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. On bhodhi angava rwendo zvombo, uyewo 22 nemigodhi DM-1 womuenzaniso. Zvinokwanisika kurwisa kushandisa Anti-mhando zvombo "Squall."

vachiridzira maitiro rinobvumira zvose kwepfuti kuroora uye volley vachiridzira kubva zvimbambaira panguva imwe chete nhanhatu. Panguva recharge Avangard mhinduro kunzwisisa "Murena", iro rinoita yose kuvhiyiwa ari zvizere otomatiki nzira. The yose muitiro inotongwa kubva murayiro mukuru pfungwa, izvo nepokuongorora yepasi pemvura zvachose. The "Harmony" aiva wokutanga muSoviet Union kukura asiri renyukireya yepasi pemvura muchikepe, izvo aizoshandiswa vanoverengeka kunzwisisa uye mukuru-waivako kushandisa michina.

Kubatsira kudzivirira igwa kubva ndege kurwisa muvengi, vashandi vemo vanogona kushandisa yemashoko MANPADS "Igla-1M" matanhatu. Kufambisa ose rwisana gadziriro kunosimbiswa kuburikidza kushandiswa "Lithium" hurongwa. Nokudaro, yepasi pemvura "vakanciq", zvombo kuti isu kupendwa, ayo kukura duku anokwanisa kununura dambudziko guru chero anokumhan'arira.

Akash dungwerungwe

For Akash ubanguranyika rinoungana kunzwisisa "Lira", izvo zvinosanganisira simba tisanzwe tunonzwa. The chikwata ine antennas matatu chete, mumwe riri uta yacho yepasi pemvura, asi vaviri - vari akatasva mumwe uku. Mainjiniya kunonyanyisa dhayamita nokuda kwakawedzera rakarurama nokuyerwa pasi pemvura ruzha. Saka, pamberi kanyanga inoremekedzwa anenge ose nzvimbo panguva uta yacho yepasi pemvura. In zvinoitirwawo kuvadza on-bhodhi midziyo kwaita Akash midziyo kuti yepasi pemvura "vakanciq" (Project 677) anogona sorwonzi shure kwake kufamba.

wekushandisa hurongwa

Navigation maitiro - inertial mhando. Ko basa kupa umboo pamusoro chaiyo nzvimbo muchikepe, uyewo vakatsunga optimum nokukurumidza panguva iyo iri-bhodhi zvombo dzaigona kushandiswa kunonyanyisa kunyatsoshanda.

Sezvo chikamu ezvinhu ane periscope michina yakadai Criminal Procedure Code "nechikepe-98", iro rinoumbwa zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Rakapinza periscope mutungamiri, "nechikepe-98KP". It ane zuva uye yakaderera pamwero hova (Manyiminya uye TV). The mwero kuwedzera zvichisiyana 1.5 kusvika 12X, anogona kurekodha vakacherechedza mashoko.
• Mast PHC, non-rakapinza mhando "nechikepe-98UP". Zviri zvechokwadi multi-basa zvakasikwa periscope. Sezvo chikamu design - migero maviri (yakazara uye yakaderera-pamwero), ukuru zvezvibereko - akafanana mukuru teresikopu, pane mukuru-unongotaura Laser rangefinder.

Nokudaro, yepasi pemvura "vakanciq", iro tichati TTX kupendwa, unogona zvakafanana zvakanaka kushandiswa masikati nousiku ezvinhu. Zvinogara inoramba usingaonekwi kuti muvengi.

Zvimwe zvinhu zviri kufamba hurongwa

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndiyo radar hurongwa Radar womuenzaniso KRM-66 "Kodak". Kunosanganisira ari nhengo dzaro vanoshingaira uye pusa redhiyo migero zvinogona kushanda mune imwe nzira yaisanganisa. Kana kushingaira kushandiswa zvinogona kusashanda zvikuru kuchengetedzwa yakavanzika gwara. Rinopa yakazara mufananidzo zvinhu yakapoteredza yepasi pemvura (kusanganisira pamusoro-mvura), asi hazvina unmask chikepe. Mupfungwa iyi, yepasi pemvura "vakanciq" (Project 677) vari munzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana chinhu, izvo chaizvoizvo havana analogues munyika, zvisinei kuti trite rokuti kurira.

Digital kutaurirana hurongwa "kure" muenzaniso. Kunoitawo kuti kupanana ruzivo pamusoro yakachengeteka gwara bidirectional mashoko yedzimudzangara kutsigira murayiro mbiru, ngarava uye ndege (nokuti Rupiwe pa periscope udzamu). Kana uchida kutumira kukurumidza shoko kukosha udzamu guru, tichishandisa chiutsi towed kanyanga. midziyo iyi zviri kuenzana chaizvo, kukwanisa kwayo kudzivirira kunyange munyaya ruvengo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti "Harmony" - igwa riri akaoma musoro chaizvo.

Pakupedzisira, kutaridza wekushandisa michina "Appassionata." Rine mhando inertial kufamba maitiro uye kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai module GPS / GLONASS. Kururama Pakusarudza nzvimbo panguva kushandiswa yakakwirira zvikuru, asi kunobva napedyo zvitsigiro chechitima padzimwe kuti "Anotipa" kunyanya.

simba chirimwa

The "mwoyo" pakati yepasi pemvura iri Diesel-Magetsi chirimwa, akaita maererano zano iro rinoita kuti kufamba vachingoshandisa yemagetsi jana. Izvi zvakasiyana vatorwa analogues yepasi pemvura "vakanciq". TTS (senga uye zvekushandisa mugadziriro), ngarava wokumwe mukirasi iyi inogona kufamba chete pamusoro Diesel injini.

The Diesel Injini iri muna mupanda rechina. Kuti vaunze magetsi jenareta vari mavanga maviri 28DG Conjugate pamwe rectifiers yavose sezvavakatarirwa pa 1000 KW neimwe. The simba anochengeterwa mumapoka maviri mabhatiri. In nomumwe zvinhu izvi ndiyo 126 (vari vokutanga uye wechitatu nezvikamu). Vachikwanisa akasanganiswa yose wemuTesitamende yepamusoro ezvinhu - 10580 KW / h. Kushanda injini - yemagetsi, inovapo pamusana magnets a zvachose. Mark But-1, chaiyo simba riri 4100 KW.

The yasarudzwa Injini simba uye kukwanisa pamusoro mabhatiri haisi netsaona. Chokwadi kuti ukama ichi kunova zvinokwanisika wakakurumidza vachizvitakudza pamusoro mabhatiri, iro rinenge kaviri akazoita pamberi yepasi pemvura panguva periscope udzamu. Sezvo chikamu jenareta haisi kapepa ari mumakwenzi Unit, kuvariritira uye nokushanda yose chokugadza riri itsanangudzo zvikuru uye nani zvikuru. Panyaya iyi, "vakanciq" - chikepe, kunyanya mberi nguva yaro.

Basic redunhu kushanda injini

Shanduka nokukurumidza yemagetsi propulsion hurongwa kuridza chikuru unomutsa mune zvose kungofamba ezvinhu muchikepe. Pfungwa, Tatotaura pamusoro chokwadi kuti sangano iri imwe Diesel chete panguva yakapiwa pfungwa. The hwindimiri rina mashizha nomwe, inoumbwa chaiwo, pasi ruzha rwokugadzira. mamiriro ezvinhu aya akanga zvikuru kubudirira anoonga muchimiro Saber mashizha, hunokonzera usingashandi ruzha kana uchityaira. Mukuwedzera, yepasi pemvura ane mbiri mavanga RDK-35 kure gozvo mbiru.

The vaifanira kuvapo velocity panyika rinosvika 21 nokusunungura mapfundo. In anyatsofukidzwa yepasi pemvura isiri vakapararira pamusoro 10 nokusunungura mapfundo. Cruising dungwerungwe anenge 6,000 mamaira, asi kana uchityaira zvoupfumi mberi kunogona kuwedzera upenyu basa anenge mumwe 650 mamaira.

About kurarama uye kushanda zvemupiro vashandi

The vashandi zvinosanganisira vanhu 35. Kuti anunure vanhu pakuparwa zvashata kununura inopiwa KSU-600 hurongwa. Kunosanganisira otomatiki kure kusunungurwa liferafts muenzaniso PSNL-20. Dzinokwana zvidimbu zviviri, vari kunzvimbo dziri superstructure nokuda zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope mano.

Sqm pamusoro yepasi pemvura iri muna mupanda rechitatu. Kusiyana pemvura zvikepe USSR uye Russian Federation, vashandi vemo akaita zvakanaka chaizvo nderemagariro. Nokuti vashandi vane miviri cabins. Mumwe mukuru akaisa yoga kamuri.

Kudya kunoitika nezvokudya muimba pamwe pandiri zvivako. Mumatanda zvokudya, zvichienderana maitiro avo uye okuchengetera zvinodiwa zvakarongerwa mu dzaserera uye uncooled mumatura. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika yepasi pemvura dzino vakanga yakaiswa magwa anokwasviwa midziyo muenzaniso chitsva zviduku kukura zvinopa gadziriro uzere uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvokudya rakarira.

mvura yakachena kunochengetwa Matangi ose Stainless simbi. zvokudya mvura yakachena we kunogona zvakananga mumunda ezvinhu. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, desalination zvinomera anopiwa, izvo inoshandiswa kushanda kupisa kubva Diesel injini. Kazhinji, kana nguva dzose aibuda kwemvura chirongwa zvakakwana nechokwadi epamba kwete chete, asiwo rwokugadzira zvinodiwa. Fully dzakatakura ose anodiwa yepasi pemvura iri zvionera kwemazuva 45.

Humwe mashandiro muchikepe uye tarisiro

Sezvazvakanyorwa zvinowanzoitika, kuti yepasi pemvura "vakanciq" kunyanya kubudirira kukurira muedzo nguva. Chokwadi chokuti zvachiri regai zvinodiwa ano dzinoshanda kirasi iyi ngarava. Saka, panguva iyoyo pane ndichibvunza basa pakusika anaerobic propulsion. Pakapera 2012 chido kutenga Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 677 matanhatu "vakanciq" vakaratidza India, ava nemakore ari inokosha mudiwa wenyika yedu.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti nyika inoda yakadaro Diesel-emagetsi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, izvo zvinogona kunge zviri rutsigiro rwemauto napo kwenguva refu, pasina kudikanwa vachisimudza kunyange periscope udzamu. Yepasi pemvura "vakanciq", airindependent simba chirimwa iyo vachaitwa kuti vakwane, achakwanisa kuita mwedzi yakawanda "rinopisa". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kutsvakurudza munzvimbo iyi dziri kubudirira zvikuru.

Chii chitsva?

Zvakagadzirwa pamasikiro Itariro chikepe vachaitwa yakawanda. The yokuvaka anoita kambani yakakurumbira CDB ME "Rubin". Pakati 2013 zvakanzi pakupedzisira akasarudza kuti yepasi pemvura "Harmony" richaramba basa pamwe Russian Navy. The modernized Chokwadi, chimiro.

Zvakawanda ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna mazuvaano nenyanzvi omunharaunda pamusoro-bhodhi zvemagetsi gadziriro. Akanga zvachose akazoongororazve Automatic kugadzwa Avangard kutendeuka anenge zvachose (kwakavakirwa kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano) Mechanics Magetsi chirimwa.

Hadzigari 'vadarika "uye rwendo; kufunga kuti mhinduro itsva vakawanda wakazopinzwa mariri, tinogona kutaura kuti gadziriro iri Re-kusimbiswa. Hazvishamisi kuti akadaro yepasi pemvura "vakanciq" kunotozongoita chinokwezva pfungwa dzimwe vatengi.

First mumatanda achaburuka "Kronstadt". Oddly zvakakwana, asi yaimbova "vakadzi wekare" vanoda kunyora kure, nhasi akava mumwe zvemberi vasiri zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura munyika. Zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti apo kuramba kumhanya basa ivo vangafara kuwana kwete chete musha Navy, asiwo dzimwe vatengi zhinji, kutsigira munyika bhajeti.

Zvisinei, zvikepe vazhinji Project 677 "vakanciq" Nhasi Russia zvakakodzera, sezvo ngarava idzi guru nzira yokuchengetedza nepagungwa kumiganhu uye nemiganhu, iro nyika yedu ine zvakawanda.