TU-144 - uchirwisa mutasvi supersonic ndege

Tu-144 - kwete "zviratidzo zvokutanga" pane supersonic mutakurwi ndege. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zviratidzo yaitonga munyika yeSoviet "Hondo Yemashoko" uye ayo hwokugadzira ukuru pamusoro munyika dzokuMadokero. Tu-144, anenge kaviri kumhanya inzwi uye mashomanana emakore pachine nguva yayo, chakaratidza kutanga zvitsva nguva mutakurwi ndege, izvo, zvisinei, haana kuuya kusvikira ikozvino. Its mukwikwidzi chete mumunda ichi - Chirungu-French "Concorde" - akatotambura kupfuura inosvitswa kukundikana.

Munguva sixties vanhu, zvichida, zvakanga zvichiri yemazuva ano uye nesayenzi haasi kugadzirira akadaro kubudirira. Ipapo nyika sayenzi iri anenge hapana aizivikanwa pamusoro simbi kuneta. Nhoroondo yose makwikwi aya michina maviri achabatsirwa kuramba dzoga nokukundikana kumativi ose.

Pazvakava vachiziva Joint Anglo-French chirongwa kuvaka vangasimudzira itsva supersonic mutakurwi airliner, Soviet Union akaita pakarepo. The Kupindura basa iri aifanira kuva Tu-144. "Yokuwirirana" akanga dzaona pamusoro cruising nokukurumidza iri kuwanda 2200-2300 km / h. analogue Soviet kunodiwa kusapfuudza nhamba ichi, uyewo vamwe vakawanda. Nikita Khrushchev, hapana aida bvumidza vavengi vavo Western.

Kukura iyi chinzvimbo basa akapiwa Tupolev. New ndege akanga paakavapa chiratidzo "TU-144", uye kuvakwa kwayo kwaibatanidza Voronezh fekitari ndege. Kuberekwa mwana mutsva Soviet ndege indasitiri pamberi "Concorde" uye michina ukuru Soviet airliner pamusoro Anglo-French muchina vakanga asingaremekedzi chete sezvo enyika rinokosha basa. Mari pakuvaka Tu-144, sezvo yakanga yakaitwa Soviet Union, havana kuurayiwa.

The kuvakwa yose supersonic shiri simbi musimboti ane chiedza uye akura rwokugadzira pfungwa: nyaya pamusoro workpiece zvoga CNC uye goho vakagamuchira zvakawanda kukamuka fuselage kana bapiro ndege. Kushandisa michina zvirokwazvo ngaarege pasi, asi zvakadaro nzira nokuda kwechikonzero kukanganwa kuti nokuda Semi-dzapedza zvinhu zvakadai chihombe kukura uye vara vanoda akakodzera akamboona. Vari panzvimbo kuoma chakuvhuvhu, zvichiguma nokuumbwa vomunharaunda inhomogeneities inclusions kana kuremara, attenuating simbi.

Zvichida ichi haana kuva zvakanaka, kana kwete kuenda machine. Handiti Tu-144 aifanira kukurira inzwi mhinganidzo, uye nokudaro kukunda kukuru zadzisa. Somuenzaniso, ayo kwezvinhu aikwikwidza "yokuwirirana" pashure kwete zvikuru refu operative nguva chaimo ndege vakatanga idonhe mapapiro. Uye chikonzero zvakanga zvisingaiti kuwana kwenguva refu. Iye akabata dzakasiyana-siyana tsime nemiedzo. Kusanganisira pakadzika madziva refu kuvafurira. Pakupedzisira, yakanga ichangobva wakatorwa kugadzirwa.

Inenge zvinoitirwa vaitirwa kuti TU-144. Pashure processing mamiriro akaita chinhu-metal zvose bwendefa guru ukobvu mune dzimwe nzvimbo akaramba dzakaonda (kusvika millimeters maviri) jumper. Vane chinhu nenguva uye raputika pasina kuraramisa nokusingaperi rakakura zadzisa.

Asi Tu-144 iri izwi kushanda kure kupfuura "yokuwirirana", kunyange zvazvo pachine kuyeuka ichi muchina abondera. Zvichida anozivikanwa vavo - idambudziko chakaitika mudenga anoratidza muna Le Bourget muna 1973. The rinokosha ruzivo runowanikwa pakasikwa muchina uyu rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa magadzirirwo uye kuvakwa rinorema supersonic airliner Tu-22M uye Tu-160.

Uye itai Tu-144 kusvika pakati nineties zvave zvinobudirira nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kwesainzi :. Kudzidza ozone goko yepasi, zuva kuora kwemwedzi, etc. On the dikidiki muchina uyu - Tu-144 - akaisa gumi zvinyorwa nyika zvisati arohwa.