The midziyo uye kushanda nheyo induction injini. Asynchronous gwenya mhando: kushanda musimboti, tsananguro uye mashandiro

Sezvazviri Motors vakawanda, AC induction injini (BP) ane yatarwa dzokunze chikamu riri kunzi stator uye rotor kutenderera mukati. Pakati pavo pane yakanyatsofungwa dzaona mhepo pakakoromoka.

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Design uye nokushanda asynchronous Motors, kufanana nevamwe vose, inobva chokwadi kuti actuate rakaramba riri rotor kushandisa simba remagineti kutenderera. Three-danho AD ndiro chete mhando injini, pazviri wakasikwa takasununguka nekuti yezvakaita simba. In DC Motors rinoshandisa zvemaziso kana yemagetsi nokuchinja, uye mune chimwe chinhanho AD - Zvimwe magetsi zvinoriumba.

Kushandisa injini, unofanira kuva nemhando mbiri electromagnets. The uchishandisa nheyo induction injini ndechokuti chete achiumbwa munyika stator kuti ayo ichitenderera kwakabatana AC kunobva. Maererano nomutemo Lenz raMwari, izvozvo induces iri rotor pamusoro remagetsi simba (EMF) zvakafanana sezvo voltage akanyengera iri yechipiri ichitenderera pamusoro transformer, ndinosika tipiwe electromagnets. Nokudaro rimwe zita BP - induction injini. The midziyo uye nokushanda asynchronous Motors inobva papfungwa yokuti kudyidzana pakati rinobva minda electromagnets izvi zvinowanisa munhu torsional simba. Somugumisiro, mashoko rotor rotates nenzira kunoguma torque.

stator

The stator ine vakawanda matete mahwendefa aruminiyamu kana kukanda simbi. Vari chakatsindirwa mumwe kuumba negomba makirisito humburumbira pamwe grooves. Vari vakaisa insulated waya. Nerimwe boka windings pamwe yakapoteredza chinoumba pashure nokushandisa anoumba rakatumbuka ano electromagnet. Kuwanda AD namatanda kunobva dzomunyika kubatana zviri stator windings. Chinoitwa zvokuti apo unobva simba panobva aumba kutenderera remagineti.

rotor

The rotor ine anoverengeka matete simbi matete pamwe noruvara vanoda pamusoro arikunze kuti aruminiyamu tsvimbo kana mhangura. In yayo rinofarirwa kupfuura mhando - shorted kana "tsindi keji", - mativi pematanda vari mechanically uye electrically chokuita ne mhete. Vanenge 90% kuti BP anoshandisa zvakagadzirwa ichi, nokuti nyore uye hwakavimbika. The rotor rine cylindrical laminated chinoumba pamwe axially inofambirana grooves akaronga kuisa conductors. In nomumwe paburi ikodzere tsvimbo hwemhangura, aruminiyamu kana chiwanikwa. Vane pfupi-circuited kumativi ose pamwechete magumo marin'i. zvakagadzirwa ichi chakafanana tsindi keji, nokuti chii uye akashatirwa zita rakakodzera.

ari rotor cheap car insurance haasi chaizvo noku nomubato. Vari yaakaita duku skew zvikonzero zvikuru zviviri. Rokutanga kuitira ishande BP Akaroromesawo rinobva ruzha uye harmonics. Wechipiri kuderedza mikana yacho rotor snagging: meno ayo kurukura stator slots nokuda zvakananga rinobva kukwezvana therebetween. Izvi zvinoitika kana nhamba yavo chete. The rotor akatasva nomubato achishandisa mabheyaringi panguva imwe magumo. Chimwe chikamu kazhinji kupfuura vamwe, nokuti mutoro kutyaira. Mune dzimwe injini panguva maturo kuguma mugodhi akatasva nokukurumidza sensors kana chinzvimbo.

Pakati stator uye rotor kune mhepo pakakoromoka. Kuburikidza simba kutapurirana. The vanowanika torque kunokonzera rotor kuti tenderera uye mutoro. Pasinei norudzi rotor, kuti midziyo uye kushanda nheyo induction injini anoramba kuzochinja. Kazhinji, BP dzinoiswa maererano nokuwanda stator windings. Kusiyanisa pakati kuroorwa uye zvitatu danho dzemagetsi Motors.

Design uye nokushanda chete-danho induction injini

Single-danho BP murimo kuti kupfuura chikamu yemagetsi Motors. Hazvina musoro kuti kudhura uye cheesy pabasa injini rinowanzoshandiswa. Sezvo zita rinoreva, chinangwa, Zvakaitwa induction injini nhungamiro iyi mhando dzinobva pamberi stator rimwe chete ichitenderera uye chete-danho simba. Zvose izvi mhando BP rotor chinhu tsindi.

Single-danho Motors musatanga hwavo. Kana injini zvakabatana simba romugove kubudikidza huru ichitenderera rakatumbuka razvino hunotanga kuyerera. Zvinowanisa munhu pulsed remagineti. Nokuda induction rotor iri kwakapa. Sezvo huru remagineti pulses, kuti torque kunodiwa kuti tenderera injini, hauna kunotangira. The rotor anotanga kuzunguza tsandanyama pane tenderera. Naizvozvo, rimwe chete danho AD kunoda chikungiso. Rinogona kwokutanga riwedzere, zvichiita nomubato kutama.

Kutanga mashandiro chinhu chimwe-danho BP rinoumbwa kunonyanya mimwezve stator ichitenderera. Iye anogona kuenda nyaya capacitor uye Centrifugal chinja. Kana voltage wedzerai kuitika kune huru ichitenderera voltage lags shure nokuda kurwisa kwayo. Panguva iyoyowo, magetsi ari pokutangira ichitenderera ari shure kana mberi romugove voltage maererano impedance pakati chikungiso. Kusakarongeka pakati rinobva minda vanowanika nokuda ichitenderera huru uye kutanga dunhu zvinowanisa Pamusana remagineti. It rotates mumwe divi. The rotor anotanga kutendeukira nenzira Pamusana remagineti.

Kana injini ichimhanya rinosvika vanenge 75% of chezita kukosha, ari Centrifugal chinja disconnects kutanga ichitenderera. Uyezve, injini anogona kuchengetedza torque yakakwana ushande vakazvimiririra. Kunze Motors uchinyanya pokutangira capacitor, zvose chete-danho Motors, vari yemanyorero kushandiswa vaunze simba isingadariki 500 watts or. Zvichienderana siyana pokutangira nzira, chete-danho AD zvatowedzera Classified, sezvinorondedzerwa zvinotevera zvikamu.

BP paradzanisa danho

Basa mudziyo uye nokushanda asynchronous injini ine mahwanda chokutambudzika kwakavakirwa kushandisa imomo pakati windings maviri uye kutanga core. Launcher wakagadzirwa duku waya dhayamita uye vashoma anotendeuka hama kuti mukuru, kusika munhu mukuru nemishonga. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuMabvazuva ayo remagineti nenguva necheparutivi. Zvakasiyana nechokugedhi huru remagineti, iyo inosvitsa vachishandisa kutenderera rotor. Kushanda coils, izvo zvakagadzirwa waya kurei dhayamita, injini unoshanda vamwe nguva.

Pokutangira riri pasi, kazhinji kubva 100 kusvika 175% vezita. The Injini anoshandisa refu pokutangira kuitika. Ndiye 7-10 nguva kupfuura chezita. Kunonyanyisa torque rinobatsirawo 2.5-3.5 nguva. Izvi mhando injini inoshandiswa mukuyi diki, mafeni uye blowers, uyewo mune dzimwe mafomu yaida yakaderera torque inokwana kubva 40 kusvika 250 watts or. Dzivisa kushandisa injini kwakadaro uko kakawanda Zvinonzi musi-kure kana zvinoda yakakwirira torque.

BP kutanga capacitor

Condenser mhando induction injini yayo nheyo nokushanda inobva pakuti kutanga Coil wayo kutsemura danho capacitance kwakabatana munguva series, ichipa kutanga "kufamba kweropa". Sezvo muzvirevo dzakasiyana pamusoro michini, kunewo Centrifugal chinja. It disables yokutanga redunhu kana injini nokukurumidza chinosvika 75% vezita. Sezvo capacitor zvakabatana muna series, izvozvo anosika mukuru pokutangira torque, richisvika 4.2-mudanga yacho uchishandisa. A kutanga kuitika kazhinji munguva chezita 4,5-5,75 nguva, izvo zviri kudzika kupfuura nyaya paradzanisa-danho, nokuda makuru waya dziri kutanga ichitenderera.

The dzakachinjwa musimboti akasiyana Starter injini uye zvemukati nemishonga. In kwakadai injini vanokwanisa kuchatsiviwa imwe resistor. Kupikiswa inoshandiswa kune zviitiko apo yakaderera pokutangira torque pane kushandisa capacitor. Kuwedzera yakaderera cost, hazvina kupa zvakanakira pamusoro capacitive kutanga. injini izvi zvinoshandiswa vezvikwata pamwe bhandi nemotokari: conveyors diki, hombe mafeni uye pombi, uyewo mano vakawanda zvakananga ngarurege kana giya.

AD ane anobatwa danho-ochinja capacitor

The midziyo uye nokushanda induction injini iri mhando dzinobva zvachose kubatana zviri capacitor chokuita mu ngaatevedzane pakutanga ichitenderera. Mushure exiting injini pa yavose sezvavakatarirwa kumhanya anova upiyona pokutangira redunhu. Sezvo mudziyo inofanira rakagadzirirwa kuramba kushandiswa, hachigoni kupa kwokutanga kupomba pokutangira capacitor. The kutanga torque iri injini yakaderera. Ndiye 30-150% of chezita. Kutanga Kuyerera diki - asingasviki 200% of chezita, izvo zvinoita dzemagetsi Motors iri mhando yakanaka apo zvaida kakawanda nokuchinja pamusoro uye kure.

zvakagadzirwa Izvi wandei zvakwakanakira. Scheme ari nyore dzakachinjwa kuti kushandiswa nokumhanya controller. Electric Motors inogona configured kuti optimum kunyatsoshanda uye yakakwirira nesimba chinhu. Ivo vanonzi kupfuura yakavimbika chete-danho Motors kazhinji nokuti Centrifugal kutanga chinja harishandiswi kwavari. Ivo zvinoshandiswa mafeni, blowers, uye dzinowanzova zano. Somuenzaniso, muna kugadzirisa zvenhengo gadziriro nokudurura masuo garaji masuo.

BP ne kutanga uye inoyerera capacitor

The midziyo uye kushanda nheyo induction injini iri mhando dzinobva sequential pokutangira capacitor chokuita yokutanga coils. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave zvakawanda torque. Uyezve, ine zvachose capacitor kwakabatana munguva ngaatevedzane hwebetsero ichitenderera pashure kutanga mugaba. zano Izvi zvinoita guru zadzisa torque.

Izvi rworudzi injini rakagadzirirwa rezasi uzere mutoro dzenzvimbo, izvo zvinoita ayo kunyatsoshanda zvikuru. zvakagadzirwa Iri chinodhura nokuda pamberi pokutangira, uchishandisa capacitor uye Centrifugal chinja. Kushandiswa kuveza michini, mhepo compressors, mukuru kumanikidzwa mvura pombi, Vacuum pombi uye apo mukuru torque kunodiwa. Power - kubva 0.75 kusvika 7.5 KW.

BP ne shaded danda

Design uye anoita induction injini kwakadai kuri pakuti ane chete chete chikuru ichitenderera asina kutanga uye. Start anoitwa nekuti chiduku mugove kunhivi nerimwe stator matanda rine mhete kudzivirirwa mhangura, mauri remagineti iri nharaunda shure kusango unshielded mugove. The kukurukurirana cheminda maviri inotungamirira vachishandisa kutenderera nomubato.

Sezvo pasina kutanga-up coils kana capacitor kana chinja, injini iri electrically nyore uye yakachipa. Uyezve, ayo kumhanya inogona tungamirwe kusiyanisa zviri voltage kana ichitenderera hara. The Injini magadzirirwo pamwe kudzivirirwa nematanda achibvumira vakawanda kugadzirwa. Kazhinji vaitirei "mumwe-kure", sezvazviri isingadhuri zvikuru kuti kutsiva pane kugadziriswa. Kuwedzera kune unhu hwakanaka yakadaro urongwa ane nhamba zvainovhiringidzawo:

• Low torque zvakaenzana 25-75% of yavose sezvavakatarirwa mutengo;
• yakakwirira pitikoti (7-10%);
• yakaderera kunyatsoshanda (asingasviki 20%).

The pasi kwokutanga mutengo anobvumira kushandisa kwaiita BP yakaderera kana Kazhinji kushandiswa namano. Tiri kutaura nezvoupenyu multi-nokukurumidza feni. Asi low-mugumo torque, pasi kushanda zvakanaka uye pasi zvemaziso maitiro hatibvumiri zvavo zvebhizimisi kana maindasitiri kushanda.

Three-danho AD

Motors aya zvinowanzoshandiswa indasitiri. Design uye nokushanda-danho matatu induction injini vagara vandifungira kwayo zvakagadzirwa mabasa - pamwe keji kana muchikuvadza rotor. Nokuti yayo kanda hakurevi kuva capacitor kutanga ichitenderera, Centrifugal chinja kana zvimwe mudziyo. Kutanga pfungwa paavhareji, uye vakareba, uyewo vanokwanisa uye kunyatsoshanda. Kushandiswa kukuya michini, lathes, kuchera michina, pombi, compressors, conveyors, uye dzimwe okurima michina.

BP akapfiga rotor

Ichi-danho matatu asynchronous injini, anodawo nhungamiro uye midziyo zvange zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Nekurangarira kweanenge 90% yose-danho matatu Motors. Yakabudiswa simba 250 watts or yakawanda zana kilowatts. Tichienzanisa chete-danho Motors kubva 750 W, ivo isingadhuri uye angakudzivisai mitoro inorema.

BP muchikuvadza rotor

Design uye Operation ose-danho matatu asynchronous injini ine pitikoti-mhete Motors zvichisiyana BP kuti "tsindi keji" kuti rotor akaronga kuti windings, migumo dzisiri pfupi-circuited. Vari hwakaratidzwa pamusoro pitikoti marin'i. Kunoitawo kuti dzaiitirwa pairi zvimwewo resistors uye contactors. Kunonyanyisa torque ndiyo Proportional kuti rotor kuramba zvakananga. Naizvozvo, panguva yakaderera aimhanya anogona kuwedzerwa kuwedzera kurwisa. High nemishonga kunoita kuti vawane hombe torque yakaderera pokutangira kuitika.

Sezvo kurwisa zvinoderedza kumhanyisa pamusoro rotor kushandura zvinoitwa injini kundosangana mutoro zvinodiwa. Mushure injini zvasvika nechigadziko kumhanya, zvimwewo resistors vakaremara. Uye electric motor anoshanda hwandaiva BP. Iyi mhando ndiyo yakanaka yakakwirira inertial mutoro, yaida kushandisa torque kupeta razero nokukurumidza. Inopa kumhanyisa kusvika kufadza iri shoma nguva shoma nesimba rakawanda.

A zvakaipira injini kwakadaro ndechokuti pitikoti marin'i uye brushes vanoda kugara nazvo, izvo havana zvinodiwa injini ine pfupi-circuited rotor. Kana rotor ichitenderera iri shorted uye akaita kuedza kutanga (t. E. The mudziyo inova mureza BP), richava kuitika chokubuda yakakwirira chaizvo. Zviri 14 nguva yakakura kupfuura yavose sezvavakatarirwa yakaderera chaizvo torque 60% kubva Muongororo yekutanga. Kazhinji, application haisi kuwanikwa.

Ukatora rotational nokukurumidza pazviri torque nokudzora rotor nemishonga inogona dzaisiyana nokukurumidza pane imwe mutoro. Zvinogona zvinobudirira kuderedza wavo anenge 50% kana mutoro zvinoda shanduka torque uye nokukurumidza kuti mune yokudhinda, compressors, conveyors, anosimudza uye elevators. Kuderera zvazvingava pazasi 50% kunoguma yakaderera chaizvo kunyatsoshanda nokuda yepamusoro simba bongozozo iri rotor resistances.