Hydraulic hurongwa: mhando uye kupatsanura, mapikicha

Pane siyana hydraulic zvivako, marudzi uye kupatsanura zvingareva zvakawanda kushandiswa. Chero pezvivako izvi yakavakirwa mvura - kubva nzizi uye madhamu kugungwa kana pasi - uye zvinodikanwa kuitira kurwisa simba rokuparadza mvura maatomu akafanana. Mumwe hurongwa ine maitiro ayo uye mudzimu kuvakwa.

Sei dzinoiswa?

Under hydraulic ouinjiniya zvakagadzirwa kunonzwisiswa hurongwa inobvumira kushandisa zvakanaka mvura pfuma uye kudzivirira zvinokonzerwa zvakawandisa mvura zvakatipoteredza. All ano hurongwa (kudiridza, Watershed, kudiridza) anonzi "waterworks". Types uye kupatsanura pakati pavo, zvichienderana zvechadenga chokugadza kushanda zvinotevera:

• gungwa, nyanza, rwizi kana dziva;
• pamusoro kana pachivande;
• akashanda nemvura zvekutepfenyura;
• yaishandiswa maindasitiri akasiyana.

Modern waterworks - ichi Dam, uye mai uye spillways, uye mvura inlets uye makwara. Kazhinji, chero maitiro kuti yakaiswa pa muviri mvura.

mvura decorations

Water ukaramba hydraulic hurongwa zvivako zvinogona kushandiswa pakupa kana kuumba kumanikidza musiyano pakati mvura nhanho pamberi uye shure mai. Nyanzvi dzinoti mvura hurumende iri backwater mapazi dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana okunze yacho. Vodpodpornye waterworks - chinonyanya kukosha kusika munhu kuvaka madhamu, sezvo ivo pamusana hombe mutoro nokuda mvura kufurirwa. Kana kamwe kamwe mvura ukaramba mamiriro zvinopera, kumanikidzwa mvura pamberi achava zvakaoma kudzora, uye izvi zvingaita kuti inosuruvarisa.

Kupererwa nemvura

Water conveyance Zvivako ine intakes, spillway, nehoro migero. waterworks ichi kuti kushumira uchatamisa mvura chaiyo pfungwa. Individual nzeve, mvura yaunodya hurongwa kuti kutora mvura kubva dura uye kuidzosera ari hydropower zvivako, mvura uye kudiridza. basa ravo - inonzi mvura zvinoenda rukoronga iri ushandiswe mari, asi uwandu uye kwemvura kushandisa purogiramu, ukuwo. Zvichienderana apo mvura yaunodya mamiriro anogona kuva:

• pamusoro: mvura dzokubudisa rinoitwa panguva vakasununguka pamusoro chechetere;
• Depth: withdrawals akaita pasi ufanane vakasununguka pamusoro;
• pazasi: mvura inotorwa kubva rakadzika mugove norwizi;
• longline: yakadaro Fenzi amakavaitira dzakasiyana siyana mvura - nayo hunotsigirwa wayo dhigiri mumvura dura uye unhu kwayo panguva yakasiyana kudzika.

Kakawanda akatasva penzizi mvura yaunodya waterworks. Photography inoratidza kuti constructs kwakadaro kunogona kuva mukuru kana pasi.

Water withdrawals nokuti reservoirs siyana

Zvichienderana mhando panobva, angava intakes rwizi, nyanza, negungwa, pedyo Dam. Pakati rwizi zvikuru nevanhu mano vari onshore, akayangarara, rwizi mubhedha, izvo zvinogona pamwe kupomba dzemapurisa kana kugomo navo somunhu:

• Shore kugadzwa inofanira kuiswa, kana kubhengi iri mawere. zvakagadzirwa ichi - zvinosanganisira kongiri kana kongiri huru dhayamita yaunodya waterworks. Photo inoratidza rusvingo pamberi inotanga pamhenderekedzo.
• Fluvial hurongwa vari kupfeka zvinyoronyoro Mahombekombe uye zvakasiyana magumo masvingo, rakashandurwa murwizi.
• Zvinoyangarara pagadzirwe mamiriro vari chikepe kana dzakashongedzwa negadziriro pombi mvura inotorwa kuburikidza iyo kubva murwizi uye nyere kumhenderekedzo.
• Bucket yaunodya hurongwa kutora mvura kubva gungwa riri pamhenderekedzo mugomo.

pamutemo

Pamutemo waterworks - chii ichi? Mune imwe nzira, dzinonzi vypravitelnymi mazano, sezvo vanobvumira here waidzora chekubuda nzizi. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nokuvaka struenapravlyayuschih uye vakaomerwa ezvirevo ari mugero uye pamwe pamahombekombe mudhamu. Nemhaka vakadaro gadziriro ndiko paumbwe rwizi aibuda kuti chinomhanya vade velocity nokudaro gwara zvinotsigirwa pamwe zvakafanorongwa zvishoma tsika pahupamhi, kudzika uye curvature. Popular izvi hydraulic zvivako, mhando uye kupatsanura iyo ndedzinotevera:

• guta mamiriro, tiri chikamu mukuru marongedzero murau nzizi uye zvainanga kushandiswa refu;
• lightweight kuvakwa, izvo zvimwe dzinonzi pfupi uye anoshandiswa kunyanya yenzizi diki uye unosvikirwa vhoriyamu.

Zvivako yokutanga ine madhamu, achidzivirira miti, madhamu uye zvakakwana kutsungirira kukanganisa uye simba mvura inoparadza. Light pamutemo hurongwa - nayo kuti maketeni, inodiwa tumiti, zvinongova zvakananga kana kurerutsa chekubuda mudziyo.

kudiridza waterworks

Types uye kupatsanura kunosanganisira panoparadzana nokuvapo madhamu - kana Dam. Yokutanga hurongwa dzinosanganisira kusikwa risiri chairo gwara, izvo runosvika kubva murwizi pane imwe akachinjikana uye anotora chikamu norwizi chokubuda. Kuti emadhaka kubva pasi regai kupinda imwe kudiridza Canal kuvakwa zvakadaro iri concave zvikamu kumahombekombe. Kana mvura kuchikosha, ipapo zvaida kuvakwa madhamu, izvo zvaizoitawo zvingava asingafungi kana rakadzika.

culverts

Culverts waterworks - iri Linear zvinhu, zviri weirs uye mahwindi. Izvi hurongwa zvinodzorwa kana otomatiki chiito. With spillway resets zvakawandisa mvura kubva dura, uye Weir ari hurongwa umo mvura wadururirwa pachena kuburikidza muzinga mvura ukaramba mamiriro. Zvichienderana zvechadenga kufamba mvura, zvakadai gadziriro kunogona kuva pasina kumanikidzwa kana kumanikidzwa musoro.

anokosha-chinangwa

Pakati chinangwa chinokosha hydraulic mabasa vari: hydropower, kudiridza zvivako, abudise, kudiridza gadziriro uye ezvirevo mvura zvifambiso. Funga izvi patani mashoko:

• Hydropower Zvivako dzinovakwa, kubudikidza nzira, dhamu kana derivational. Kwakadaro gadziriro ine vasanaiwa nemvura zvivako flowlines, turbine emagetsi, izvo mapaipi zvinoyerera uye mavharuvhu ose siyana. HPP aifanira kutendeutsa mvura iyerere ichipinda yemagetsi simba.
• Water senga: izvi hurongwa ine kiyi, chikepe anosimudza, chiteshi zvivako, izvo akatasva penzizi, migero pamwe yakasiyana siyana mvura mavari.
• Reclamation: izvi hurongwa kubvumira kuti funga matanho zvainanga yakakura kuvandudzika nyika. Sezvo chikamu reclamation rinoitwa abudise uye kudiridza munzvimbo. Tiine abudise ezvinhu vakapedzwa zvakawandisa mvura uye kudiridza hurongwa chendangariro yakakodzera achidiridzira nharaunda. Abudise hurongwa zvingava chinjikira kana tote.
• Fish-: date waterworks zvinopa hove kupfuura apasi kusvikira rokumusoro remvura pamwero kunyanya panguva yaro zviri kukonzera yokutama. Izvi hurongwa muri mhando mbiri: yokutanga kunosanganisira yakazvimirira hove ndima kuburikidza chaiyo hove manera, wechipiri - kuburikidza chinokosha rybohodnyh pakashama uye Manera hove.
• Emadhaka: dzinokosha Zvifambiso, izvo kuenda kutambisa kugadzirwa uye maindasitiri effluents.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mukuru uye anokosha zvivako ikashandiswa, dzakadai spillway gadziriro anoiswa nesimba imba. Kwakadaro revatema hurongwa dzinonzi nodes ose hydraulic hurongwa.

Chii ngozi?

Panewo weboka hydraulic hurongwa maererano dhigirii ngozi: vanogona kuva pasi, unosvikirwa, mukuru kana yakakwirira chaizvo mwero ngozi. Kakawanda, chikuru zvinokonzera kukanganisa pangozi TCA, muri dzinongoitika mupfungwa uye zvazvinoita, kusawirirana magadzirirwo mhinduro nemitemo, zvaipesana anodawo ezvinhu uye zvivako, kana nemigumisiro kukuvara nokuda netsaona. Kuremara uye nezvimwewo migumisiro kungatowedzera kuparadzwa zvivako, budiriro building.