Laser hwakasimba: kushanda misimboti, kushanda

Nyaya iyi inoratidza chii mune matsime monochromatic mwaranzi uye chii vari zvakanakira yakasimba-mamiriro Laser pamusoro mamwe marudzi. Pano tinoudzwa kuti pane chizvarwa coherent mwaranzi, nei kupomba mudziyo zvakawanda simba, chii chinodiwa achiita zvokutemera. Pane chiri kukurukurwa vatatu zvaida Laser maatomu akafanana uye kuti zvinoshanda.

bhendi dzidziso

Tisati tataura pamusoro sei kuti kushandisa Laser (rakasimba mamiriro Somuenzaniso), unofanira kufunga zvimwe zvinooneka womuenzaniso. Kubva zvidzidzo kuchikoro mumwe anoyeuka kuti maerekitironi akapoteredza musimboti vari akarongwa chaiyo kutenderera kana simba mumatunhu. Kana pedu hapana rimwe atomu, uye mujenya, kuti ndizvo, isu funga-dimensional matatu muviri upi, pane imwe dambudziko.

Maererano ari Pauli pfungwa, mumuviri uyu pamwe chete uye zvakafanana simba kunogona chimwe chete Erekitironi. Saka kunyange zviduku zviyo rine vakawanda maatomu. Nature wakawana muchiitiko ichi chakanaka kwazvo mbudo - simba neimwe Erekitironi simba rakasiyana imwe yakabatana vashomashoma, anenge indiscernible uwandu. Muchiitiko ichi maerekitironi zvose rimwe pamwero "chakatsindirwa" mugomba chete simba bhendi. An nharaunda umo dziri kure zvikuru kubva chinoumba maerekitironi, rinonzi Valencia. Teverai nzvimbo yake ine yepamusoro simba. It maerekitironi kufamba zvakasununguka, uye anonzi conduction bhendi.

Womumwe uye Absorção de Água

Chero Laser (yakasimba-mamiriro, gasi, kemikari) inoshanda nenhungamiro Erekitironi achichinja kubva mumwe mapazi kune rimwe. Kana muviri wako pachena kuti chiedza, kuti photon kuti Erekitironi anopa simba yakakwana akanga ari yepamusoro simba mamiriro. Ukuwo, kana munhu Erekitironi iri kubva kuna conduction boka kusvika Valence, izvozvo inongorira photon. Kana mashoko acho ari semiconductor kana ane insulator, kuti Valence uye conduction bhendi dzakaparadzaniswa penguva umo kusina mwero. Saizvozvowo, maerekitironi haagoni kuva imomo. penguva iyi inonzi bhendi pakakoromoka. Kana photon ane zvakakwana simba, kuti maerekitironi Jump kukunda penguva iyi.

chizvarwa

The uchishandisa nheyo yakasimba-hurumende Laser kunobva ndechokuti fuma iri wakarambidzwa mapazi akasikwa Yaunoti inverted rukoko. Erekitironi hwose panguva ino pamwero wakakwirira kupfuura paaigara ari conduction bhendi. Saka, pane imwe nguva pairi "-wedzera" maerekitironi. Izvi zvinonzi kwevanhu inversion. Kana pamwero uyu Dziine maerekitironi, kuti photon inopfuura zvandinenge wavelength, rinoita mawa chizvarwa vakawanda kufanana urefu uye danho chiedza nemafungu. Kureva kuti, maerekitironi vari aval kamwechete pasi wehurumende, generating danda kubva monochromatic photons zvakakwana yakakwirira simba. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti huru dambudziko rokutanga Laser kukura kwaiva kuwana mubatanidzwa zvinhu zvakadaro kuti iro raizova zvaibvira kwevanhu inversion rimwe siyana. Wekutanga kushanda svikiro chiwanikwa simbi naRuby.

The Kuronga Laser

Solid-mamiriro Laser pamusoro huru zvinoriumba akasiyana nemamwe marudzi. The kushanda fluid umo yevagari inversion mumwe siyana, yakavhenekerwa chiedza kunobva. Inonzi kupomba. Kazhinji inogona hwandaiva incandescent rambi kana gasi buditsa chubhu. Two nepadivi pakukoka kuguma kushanda Urume (hwakasimba-hurumende Laser sekristaro achipfeka, gasi - mumwe Vacuum mhepo) kuumba kwegadziriro nezvionioni, kana ane Manyiminya resonator. It anounganidza ari danda chete photons avo vari akaererana nzira yokubudisa. Pumped hwakasimba-hurumende lasers yemanyorero kunoitika Via nokupenya mwenje.

Mhando chikukutu-ehurumende lasers

Zvichienderana kwadzinoita ari Laser danda goho tisiyanise kuramba uye pulsed lasers. Mumwe nomumwe wavo rinoshandiswa uye ine maitiro ayo. Musiyano mukuru - pulsed hwakasimba-hurumende lasers vane yepamusoro vanokwanisa. Sezvo mumwe nomumwe bara photons se "achiunganidza", zvino mumwe kupomba anogona kurwira yepamusoro simba pane kuramba oscillation nokuda iyoyo nguva. The maduku kurova kwemwoyo runogara, zvikuru simba neimwe "bara". Panguva iyoyo, zviri yemazuva ano zvinoita kuti kuvaka femtosecond Laser. Imwe yacho kupomba rinovapo anenge 10 ^-15 seconds. nedoro kwakadaro chokuita chokwadi kuti vanhu kuti neizvi pezvakaitwa sokurondedzerwa pamusoro kwazvinogumira chaizvo chaizvo duku. The yakareba kudikanwa kumirira pamberi penyu "nhungirwa" Laser, ndipo maerekitironi vane nguva kusiya inverted chechetere. Nokudaro, akaderedza wevasungwa uye photon simba pamusoro goho danda.

Laser achiita zvokutemera

The mapatani pamusoro pemvura simbi uye magirazi zvinhu yakashongedzwa mararamiro omunhu. Angashandiswa mechanically, mishonga kana Laser. Ekupedzisira nzira ndiyo ano. Its zvakwakanakira pamusoro dzimwe nzira sezvinotevera. Sezvo zvakananga kukanganisa basa pamusoro asipo, kunodokuva kusingabviri kuparadza chinhu mubishi hwokushandisa muenzaniso kana chinyorwa. The Laser danda kutsva kudzika chaizvo paburi: pemvura yakanyorwa mapfupa chechetere uye, naizvozvo, kuti chinhu hauna kukuvadzwa uye kuchapedza refu. Kana simbi Laser danda anochinja zvikuru maumbirwo peshoko, uye mashoko achaita kusingazoperi kwemakore akawanda. Kana chinhu kushandiswa nokungwarira, regai kunyudza payo asidhi kana deform, ipapo nezvizvarwa zvevazukuru muenzaniso pamusoro payo zvakarurama riparare. Laser achiita zvokutemera ndiyo yakanakisisa kusarudza yakasimba-mamiriro nokuchinja nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri: kwemasayendisiti mu nezvishoma vari nyore kubata, uye zviri Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuti nhamba goho uye mitengo.

kugadzwa

Achiita zvokutemera, pane chinokosha kugadzwa. Kuwedzera zvakananga Laser, ivo ine zvokuimba mutungamiriri, umo Laser inofamba, uye kuongorora midziyo (kombiyuta). Laser Machine rinoshandiswa sectors zhinji mabasa evanhu. Kumusoro takataura pamusoro akajeka zvinhu zvezuva nezuva. Vakanyorwa Forogo, Banga Nechipunu, magwenya, magirazi, dzokurinda kwenguva refu vacharamba vari mumhuri uye achaita tiyeuchidzwe nguva inofadza.

Zvisinei, kwete chete mudzimba asiwo maindasitiri zvinhu zvinoda Laser achiita zvokutemera. miriwo Large, zvakadai motokari, akasunungura nezveupenyu hombe nhamba: mazana ezviuru kana mamiriyoni. chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira muchimucherechedza - apo uye akahusika. Nani kupfuura Laser achiita zvokutemera, kuwana vasiri, kusunungurwa kwenguva, upenyu basa achava refu ivo zvinofamba migove, izvo zvakawedzera mukana abrasion. Laser Machine, muchiitiko ichi anofanira dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira kugona uye kuchengeteka. Pashure pezvose, kana achiita zvokutemera Kanenge chikamu chimwe muzana kuchinja Zvivako zviri simbi, unogona tinoita zvakasiyana zviwane. Somuenzaniso, yokumbozorora pfungwa kushanda akanyorwa. Zvisinei, zvakakodzera kuti mudzimba kushandiswa nyore uye isingadhuri kugadzwa.