Femtosecond Laser: tsananguro, mifananidzo, kushanda zvinhu uye wongororo

Ngatimbotaura nhasi pamusoro kuti femtosecond Laser. Ndezvipi zvinotaurwa chikuru huchishanda uye sei zvinobatsira kugadzirisa zvaakaratidzwa?

Bohr pfungwa

Apo pakutanga namapfumbamwe remakore, sainzi kwasvika pamwero aigona kutarira mukati nemamiriro atomu, pakutevedzera itsva - quantum wefizikisi. Wokutanga basa raiva kuona zvishoma maerekitironi urege kuwa pamusoro rinorema musimboti ane atomu sei uye nei. Previous dzidziso kwakavakirwa Maxwell kuti equations, nharo kuti chero kupomera kubvongodzwa inongorira munda, saka, anorasikirwa tichimhanya. Saka, imwe Erekitironi uchifamba iri pairi ichitenderera musimboti vanofanira kuramba tichiratidza uye pakupedzisira kuwira musimboti. Boron akataura pfungwa yokuti maerekitironi iri atomu kungava chete pane zvimwe kure pakati, uye kuchinja kubva pamwero mumwe ari pamwe ne anobuda kana kana simba Absorção de Água. Dzidziso iyi yakanga akazotsanangura maererano quantum wefizikisi. Kuvapo mira Erekitironi yomuropa chakavhura nzira kuvamba ichi, kuti Laser (a femtosecond yaisanganisira).

Yokungotaura nezvigadziko Laser

Kamwe masayendisiti kunzwisisa atomu urongwa, vaida kudzidza kuti ungaderedza sei mamiriro enyika Erekitironi. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, kuti Erekitironi, izvo vamwe chikonzero ndiye mukuru pamwero atomu, anoedza uzadze zvese, kana vakasununguka. In yezwi simba iri airatidza ari muchimiro photon wechiedza, kana photon. Asi kuchinja pakati chero maviri nhanho pave yakasiyana chiedza quanta. Asi kana maerekitironi akawanda kuchaita panguva imwe chete kubva yepamusorosoro kuti yakaderera sandara, pachava nehova pamusoro muzvizhinji kuti dzakafanana photons. Mafomu kuyerera ichi hazviperi. Somuenzaniso, imwe femtosecond Laser cataract inobvisa. The doped yttrium nesadhio akawanikwa pachiyero vanonzi yevagari inversion, kana maerekitironi vangangoramba kuunganidza panzvimbo yakakwirira yakati sandara, uye ipapo zvose pamwe chete kuenda rezasi. The chikuru zvinoumba ari Laser zvinotevera:

• kushanda Urume (a venhumbi ine pamwero inverted population);
• kupomba (kunobva iyo "induces" maerekitironi uchingounganidza panguva Ivan Kuchin chechetere);
• mumwe resonator muchimiro mbiri dzakafanana nezvionioni (vari pfungwa chete photons avo kuti kunotangira iroro negwara, uye vamwe vose vanopararira).

The zvichiguma goho kupomba inogona kuramba kana discrete. Femtosecond Laser Somuenzaniso, ndezvaiye wechipiri mhando.

Micro, Nano, femto

Vose inonyaradza izvi zvinomiririra chikamu yose. Milli - iri kuzviuru mugove chinhu, zvakadai somunhu mita. Kureva millimeter - iri 10 ^-3 m. Chivakashure femto zvinoreva kuti chinhu anoyera, kana kunosvika iri nguva 10 kusvika ¹⁵ maduku pane mumwe. Nokudaro, femtosecond Laser ane pfupi chaizvo kufamba kweropa. In mumwe chechipiri zvakakodzera zvidimbu ^{15 October} pulses. Nei izvozvo unimaginably diki ukoshi? Chokwadi chokuti Laser simba zvinoenderana sei refu maerekitironi vari vaunganidza panguva Ivan Kuchin pamwero. Chaiparira simba chizvarwa lasers haagoni kuva mukuru. Asi mapfupi pane mumwe kupomba, dzakanga zvibereko. pezvakaitwa Vakawanda yakareba, uye pakupedzisira chinangwa chakadaro pfupi kupomba hakusi kuchioneka. Kugamuchira Hurongwa sokunge chinoramba Laser. Panyaya iyi, iyo coherence pamusoro goho danda uye simba riri kumusoro zvikuru.

cataract

Tsanga - a dzisavhiringidza of izvo. Munhu nezvechinhu chimwe kuremara maonero akadaro, kungasava tazviziva: kukura tsanga kumucheto mboni zvakaonekwa asina kuremara. Asi kana turbidity rikaitika nechepakati izvo, musingadi kuona kwakaderera maonero hazvibviri. The kukonzera kuchinja uku mumaziso ake, vana:

• anokuvadza nemwaranzi pamatunhu mishonga;
• kunotevera kuti musoro kana ziso pachayo;
• chirwere cheshuga;
• yakawanda mupfungwa.

Physical chinokonzera rimwe - imwe puroteni anowanikwa izvo weziso anotanga zvinoshatisa, dziparare. Izvi zvinonzi mapuroteni denaturation. Kana zviri izvo zviri kuparadza riri kusingarapiki. Kare, kare nameso chena vakanga zvachose ndezvokungotevedzera hama dzavo nokuti vaitova mapofu. Zvino, zvisinei, chirwere chinogona zvinobudirira kurapwa.

Treatment pamwe cataract kuvhiyiwa

Setsika, mabatiro inomirira chipingaidzo mumuviri womunhu kuti hakupesani kuvimbika kwayo: ihosha huro kubatwa mapiritsi uye inopisa tii, akacheka Munwe - mafuta uye mabhandeji.

Asi pano, yakakura kurapwa - kuvhiyiwa. Kazhinji neshoko iri rinoreva maronda, sutures, izvo refu nguva yokuporesa, kurwadziwa uye kurasikirwa hwandaiva mararamiro. Kana cataract Kuvhiya hakufaniri Musatya, nokuti incision rinowanzova dikisa, 2-3 neMM, hapana tsinga havasi kugurwa, veko yokutindivadza.

Zvokukura oparesheni:

1. Yeziso iri anaesthetized chaizvo madonhwe.
2. Iris incision (incision anopfuura 3 mm pakureba).
3. The gogorosi akaiswa zano rinokosha.
4. The mudziyo anomuchinja yekare izvo zviri emulsified.
5. The emulsion iri vakanwa.
6. We yokusuma mutsva chakagadzirwa nyoro izvo.
7. The Chishandiso rinobva ziso.

The nzira rinovapo maminitsi 15, pashure izvo munhu anogona kuenda kumba pachake.

It riri padariro Kushandurwa yekare izvo iri emulsified vachishandisa femtosecond Laser. Ophthalmology anoziva uye mumwe muenzaniso wokushandiswa lasers - kurangwa myopia uye astigmatism. Asi ichi ndicho yakasiyana zvachose nyaya.

Zvakanakira lasers pakurapa tsanga

Pakarepo kudana mumwe drawback - nzira iyi inodhura kwazvo. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zvose zviri nani pane yapfuura nzira. Maererano wongororo, chinokosha zvishoma tagovera nezvegore izvo, achapfuura kutendeuka vari emulsion, duku ukuru zvichiguma nezvimedu, kana kushandiswa mukushanda femtosecond Laser. Reviews kushanda ichi akanaka chaizvo zvose kubva kuvarwere uye kubva n'anga.

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti kushandiswa lasers riri kugadziridzwa zvakawanda uye myopia. Zvisinei, kusvikira ichangopfuura, zvakasiyana midziyo yaishandiswa nokuda kuvhiyiwa ichi, uye mishonga tsanga. Murwere ndicho chinhu chikuru - kunaka oparesheni, asi kukiriniki kuti inopa mabasa akadaro, ungada kushandisa iri midziyo kwete mari zvikuru. Panyaya iyi, kununura Victus femtosecond Laser: inogona kushandiswa kugadzira kushandiswa matatu akasiyana. Muchiitiko chino, chete vanofanira kuchinja pazviruva.