Radar "Don-2N": tactical uye michina unhu

Kuchamhembe-kumadokero Moscow nharaunda, vashoma gumi chete kubva muguta, haana kujairika chinhu - multifunction Radar "Don-2N". The chimiro chinhu truncated Pyramid mativi mana. Upamhi mujinga mamiriro iri 130, uye kukwirira - 35 mamita. The chinhu zvainanga kudzorwa nzvimbo pamusoro Russian Federation uye nyika dzakavakidzana. Iyewo anoita mashandiro Detective uye kuparadza ballistic zvombo. Nhasi isu kunyatsotarisisa panguva unhu uye zvinogonekwa ari Radar "Don-2N".

pfupiso

Sezvaunoziva, ravarwi ane mativi mana. On nomumwe wavo unogona kuona hwokufananidzira kumativi uye mativi pakapuranga iro ruzivo vanhu vanogona fembera nezvekuvaka zvokuyamura. Norumwe ukomba mana rimwe raundi chimiro yakaronga vanoshingaira phased kuko antennas vane dhayamita 18 mamita. Nokuti sikweya ukomba vari kanyanga kudzora interceptor zvombo. Ivo vanomiririra sikweya ane divi iri vanenge 10 mamita.

Kutaura zvazviri, radar ichi (RLS) chinhu chakagadzirwa kubatana chombo kudzivirira (BMD) of Moscow. Haikwanise chete kuziva zvinhu nengozi panguva nekukwirira anosvika zviuru makumi mana makiromita asiwo kupa mazano zvombo izvi. Nokuti chokuti radar iri vakapakata arrays mana chete, izvozvo kunoita kuti kufukidza dzose dzakapoteredza nzvimbo uye vawane yakarurama kwazvo mashoko pamusoro dzakaonekwa kunangwa.

Munyika hapana analogues "Don-2N" RLS. Uripiko yemapurisa? mubvunzo uyu, riri inofarirwa nevakawanda. ABM nzvimbo guru Russian riri muna Sofrino mumusha, Pushkin dunhu. The kumumvuri Radar yakavakwa muna Kazakhstan, panguva Sary-Shagan. Musi codification kuti NATO chiteshi ainzi Horse negumbo.

Start basa

Muna 1963, Moscow Radio Engineering Institute (RTI) panguva Academy of Sciences of Soviet Union akapiwa basa kuti pave radar chipfuro vasabatwa yemberi chombo kudzivirira chirongwa. Saka akatanga nyaya "Don-2N" RLS. Pakutanga zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti ramangwana yemapurisa vachagara kushanda muna decimeter siyana. Zvisinei, nguva pfupi pashure kushanda chirongwa vagadziri vakaziva kuti hunhu hwakadaro hurongwa yaizova wo shoma. Station kushanda ari UHF siyana havazokwanisi kupa vasabatwa zvikuru yakarurama kurwisa. Musango zvinogona kutungamirira dzinouraya nemigumisiro.

Pakutanga 1964, Radio Engineering Institute akatanga kuva sendimita inomunyaradza. Zvakanga akaronga kuti midziyo iyi achabvumira yemapurisa kuti itsva, zvinogamuchirika kwazvo kuita, uyewo kupa mukana uye zviri nyore kunzwisisa mashandiro. The chivakashure inofanira kushanda sechikamu nehurongwa yakagadzirirwa pamwe matsva zviitiko uye michina. Asi nguva ino vagadziri chisarudzo vaiona maturo.

Zvakanga zvakafanira kuti pave radar hutsva, vasingadi chete kufukidza zvinodiwa mazuva iwayo, asi yekudyidzana mberi nguva yaro. Panyaya iyi, kuguma 1965 asati mudonzvo mubasa kukura RTI chete shanu dzakasiyana nemaonero radar. Asi nguva ino, pasinei zvose zvinoitwa mainjiniya, chirongwa haina mvumo nokuti haapi zvinhu zvinoshanda mhinduro.

All shanu zvokusarudza aronga vamwe kunaka uye haina yakarumbidza kuramba kukura. Kuburikidza Kuongororwa basa rinoitwa uye akaisa mberi michina zvinogadzirisa, pane imwe pachake aizobudirira radar. Kwapera nguva zvakava hwaro nokuda Radar "Don-2N".

Solutions itsva

Mukutanga 1966, RTI mainjiniya vakatanga basa racho rinonzi "Don". In yechinangwa urongwa kuvaka peya radars kushanda dzakasiyana zvisungo. UHF maitiro akaronga kuti wakabudiswa muchimiro maviri zvokusarudza: Nyika nemabhuku uye chikepe. Izvi asingadi chete kuchengeta muchadenga kubva munharaunda yayo, asi kuongorora positional nzvimbo zvombo muvengi achibatsirwa zvikepe zviri panyika ayo uye vakagadzirira pamwe radar.

Sendimita Radar vaifungidzira mira pasi chete musimboti. The Range mabasa ayo kunze kuona muvengi zvombo kwaisanganisirawo kunomisa chombo nhungamiro. The shanduro chirongwa ichi vakafunga sendimita chiteshi vokutanga vachava chamber kwemauto madhigirii 90 paupamhi. Naizvozvo, kuti tive nechokwadi-kumativi ose maonero, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuvaka mana zvechitima akadaro.

Panguva pakupera rokutanga shanduro gwaro sendimita yemapurisa rinoshanda UHF hurongwa yakamiswa nokuti zvakanga zvisisadiwi. Mainjiniya takakwanisa chokubatanidza muna imwe huru dzinotambudza pasi yemapurisa sarudzo zvose zvakafanira uye kuitira kuti zvose zvinodiwa. Kubvira 1968, mainjiniya akakurukura zvokushandisa, kushanda bedzi muna sendimita siyana. Nokuti mangwanani nyevero chombo kurwiswa dzemapurisa vakasarudzwa mita mafungu.

rokutanga patani

Muna 1969 RTI vakagamuchira basa kukudziridza rokutanga pamasikiro chechitima "Don H". Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vabatane zvose nokubudirira rakabva ruzivo mumakore radar zvirongwa. Panyaya iyi, mutengi, kuburikidza Bazi Kutsigira Soviet Union akaisa mberi yakawanda chirongwa zvinodiwa RTI. Dambudziko raiva kuti raanotaura basa unhu kureba uye daro zviri kutiza yakawana huru zvakanga guru nokuda zvemagetsi nguva. Mukupera manonwe remakore rapfuura, kunyange nzira itsva midziyo vasingagoni kuudza zvakarurama huru chamber uye kutevera ballistic vanonangwa yaiva kure anopfuura zviuru zviviri makiromita.

Kuti aite izvi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tiite zvinoverengeka zvinokosha tsvakurudzo, uye ipapo aedze. Zvino pakava panyaya kuti chombo kuzvidzivirira hurongwa nyore, unogovera kuva maviri-weDanho, rimwe nerimwe achapiwa yayo mhando zvombo. Panyaya iyi, kuvaka imwe radar nhungamiro marongedzero nokuda nezvemarudzi maviri zvombo zvaigamuchirwa zvakazara uye zvemari chine musoro. Kuti uone yokupedzisira chimiro uye marongerwo ramangwana radar vagadziri akatora nguva. Chete wakazara Kuzadziswa chirongwa kwakatangwa pakati 1972.

To Radar akasangana zvose zvaidiwa nokurondedzerwa, izvozvo aida kushongedzera chizvarwa chitsva kadambari ino, iyo budiriro vakatanga panguva imwe chete rakakwana pamasikiro ezvinhu, "Don H". Nokukurumidza multifunction radar Omnidirection sendimita siyana vakawana chikuru chitsama sitiroko kuti achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Zvikurukuru, nhengo RTI pakupedzisira akasarudza pachivako mamiriro: truncated mativi mana Pyramid pamwe phased kuko antennas pamusoro nechimwe zviso nomumwe antennas uye mativi chimiro kudzora antimissiles. Nemhaka zvakarurama kukarukureta pakati nzvimbo antennas kwave zvakapa muchidimbu rakazara yokumusoro hemisphere. Munda maonero redhiyo raigona shoma kutoti kupararira unhu radar mureza uye mamiriro enzvimbo.

kugadzirisa

Nokukurumidza basa racho kunyorwa kwenyaya uye akagamuchira chinjei. The zvakagadzirwa vakanga ainyanya ukama midziyo, kurongedza mashoko anonongedzera. Zvakananga kushanda mu "Don H" yakagadzirwa uye vakatanga supercomputer inonzi "Elbrus-2". Kunyange kupiwa chokwadi chokuti chiteshi yekombiyuta, yakanyatsoiswa pamwe zvemberi panguva iyoyo zvemagetsi midziyo anotora zvishoma kupfuura chiuru makabhati. To mari iyi midziyo inogona zvakazara dzaserera, mainjiniya zvakapa rinokosha gadziriro zvinosanganisira kupisa exchangers uye pombi mvura. Total kunonoka pakati nenyere anoverengeka zana makiromita. Kumativi ose radar midziyo vakanga zvakabatana mumwe, vakatora vanenge makumi maviri nezviviri makiromita ose netambo.

kuvaka

Pakazosvika 1978, basa rokuvaka, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva zita yoku- "Don-2N", akanga agadzirira padariro pakuvaka chechitima. Around imwe nguva yakadaro kunzwisisa yakavakwa muna Kazakh Sary-Shagan. Kubva kunze Moscow, akanga akasiyana kukura, midziyo uye, sezvo zvakaguma functionality.

Rokuvaka vachiri nyevero Radar "Don-2N" yakaenderera mberi kwemakore anenge gumi. Panguva ino vavaki vakanga yakaiswa vanopfuura zviuru 30 matani simbi zvivako, nemafashamo vanopfuura zviuru 50 matani kongiri uye rwakagadzirira hugest nhamba zvikwepa, netambo uye nezvimwewo zvinhu. Installation zvigadzirwa midziyo rakatanga muna 1980 uye kwemakore manomwe.

udzvanyiriri

A chikamu zana pashure kutanga kukura Radar "Don-2N" kwakatangwa. Muna 1989, akatanga kuongorora nzvimbo zvinhu. Maererano pamutemo data, kukwirira chipfuro vasabatwa radar pedyo Moscow kusvika zviuru makumi mana makiromita. The kuonekwa siyana musoro intercontinental chombo ndiko 3700 makiromita. Station zvinotakura ngaateme pulsed simba chiratidzo anosvika 250. MW. Phased kuko antennas pamwe kadambari maitiro kuziva chisina kutsetseka Coordonatele ari kubaya kusvika 25 masekonzi kuti chinhu chakakombama. Pakusarudza Range chikanganiso idukusa 10 mamita. Maererano nemishumo siyana, mashoko Radar "Don-2N" muMoscow anogona kuenda zvinhu zana panguva uye kutungamirira navo kuti emapoka zvombo. Sechivako mumwe kusuduruka opareta dzemapurisa anosanganisira vanenge zana nyanzvi.

Mumigodhi chiteshi iiswe chombo womuenzaniso 53 T6. Nesimba warhead yenyukireya ndiyo 10 kilotons. Kureba chombo akadaro makirogiramu 12, uye uremu - matani 10. Range lesion (maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana) anobva 50 kusvika 100 makiromita, uye kureba maronda - 45 makiromita. chombo velocity ndiyo 5,5 km / s, pachena, saka anonzi West "Gesell".

Pamwe chete United States

Pakutanga, vakawanda chaizvo kusvikira 1992, kuvapo uye zvechadenga chirimwa haina kunyanya pachena. Asi mugore iroro Soviet Union abvumirana United States iri pamwe mumunda kutsvakurudza uye kuonekwa nezvaanogona club zvinhu orbiting Pasi. Chirongwa ainzi Orbital masarasara radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS), iro anoshandura se "Orbital balls kuti calibration pamusoro radar hurongwa kuti chamber nzvimbo zvisingavaki muviri."

Chokutanga kuedza ndiko kuenda wechando 1992, asi nokuda zvekushandisa matambudziko, haana kutora nzvimbo. maviri chete pashure pemakore, chidzidzo dzakaitwa. Munguva kuedza, rinonzi Discovery ODERACS-1K US university akawisira napadare pamusoro balls nesimbi matanhatu. Vaviri vavo vane dhayamita 5 cm vaviri - 10 cm uye mamwe maviri -. 15 masendimita For yakawanda, vakanga orbiting Pasi. Ose pavanenge vari vakatarisa Radar "Don-2N" uye US radars. Kudzidza, mabhora vane diameters 10 uye 15 masendimita vakanga achengeta vose American uye Russian issledovateyami. Asi balls ane dhayamita pamusoro masendimita mashanu rakawanikwa Russian radar chete.

Muvhiki ODERACS-2 kudzidza akakandwa muchadenga 3 bhora 3 dipole reflector. Maererano migumisiro kuedza, kuRussia radar akaratidza rutivi rwake yakanakisisa zvakare. radar Its akawana duku kunangwa nechokure zviuru zviviri makiromita.

chiteshi Features

Zvinoumba Radar "Don-2N" (Sofrino) vari:

1. Pakawanda. Inopa pedo uye kure kunomisa ballistic huru, kutsigira kwavo, uyewo encoded ruzivo exchange.
2. Yakakwirira mwero ruzha kutapata. Zvichienderana yakamanikana nemwaranzi muenzaniso antennas, yakakwirira kakawanda selectivity, navanopinda kakawanda siyana, otomatiki compensators kuvapo kukanganiswa, kushandisa inoda kufunga chiratidzo chinokosha uye mukana kusiyanisa aikanganiswa ari achitaura chiratidzo kukanganiswa zvinyorwa.
3. Kujairana kushandura tactical mamiriro ezvinhu. It runowanikwa kukwanisa kushandura modes, rates nemiganhu basa zvinangwa zvinhu.
4. High zvakarurama kuyerwa chipfuro nzira, wakaparadzaniswa nekuyera chipfuro anoona zviri migero shanu.
5. Kugona kuziva uye chamber nokukurumidza uchifamba nhovo unobtrusive.
6. Yakakwirira pamwero mashoko anonongedzera.
7. The modular patani.
8. Yakakwirira mwero kushandisa michina.

Ngozi nokuda Radar "Don-2N"

Kana Radar ari kushanda, uswedere pedyo nayo hakubvumidzwi. Kukuvadza utano kubva Radar "Don-2N" kwakabatana simba nemwaranzi. Achitaura mutauro ose, "Don-2N" anogona kuenzaniswa ine microwave guru. Kunze kuti kupisa haasi mukati, uye ipapo, apo emitter Falls - kunze. Panguva iyoyo zvinokuchengetedzai zvakakwana mukati. Nokuti vaya nokuda kwechikonzero zvakazoonekwa kuti kunze, inokosha unodzivirira kurova-rova kuvakwa.

maminitsi gumi pamberi chiratidzo anopiwa yemapurisa, izvo zvinopupurira chokwadi chokuti vashandi vanofanira kusiya rakapoteredza. Utsanana kudzivirira mapazi kuti Radar "Don-2N" mumwe kiromita. Zvisinei, misha nechokure kubva yemapurisa kwete. It akashongedzerwa chaiwo pevhu mugero, apo unogona kusiya nokushanda yemapurisa, pasina kubuda mapazi ngozi.

goneko

The chikuru Kuwanda kwemashoko pamusoro nezvaanogona uye zvaidiwa ravarwi basa "Don-2N" anoramba Classified. Saka, mashoko pamusoro zvakaoma, sezvo mutemo, mashoma uye Chidimbu. Zvisinei, kunyange maererano iripo mashoko chingadzidzwa. Tinogona club mazana nhovo huru panguva inoratidza radar anogona kuziva wavanozvisunga yenyukireya shoma pamusoro kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo.

Kuwana chinangwa, ravarwi pachayo inogona kuunza kwavari zvitundumuseremusere. Maererano nemashoko siyana, nhamba yavo zvichisiyana 25 kusvika 30. Saka, pasina uwandu zvombo pari anodzivirira zvinogona RLS varege kushandiswa zvizere zvakakwana. Asi ichi ndicho chinhu kubvuma, inobva iripo mashoko chete. A ruzivo rwomene pamusoro Moscow chombo kudzivirira kwave uye anoramba Classified.