Ano: zano Michina basa. Railway kwezvivako

An chinokosha njanji mitoro iri kufambira kushanda umo masikirwo wakaiswa kuti akatumira mumwe kana mumwe mirayiridzo. Station, pamusoro izvo redistribution kwenhumbi, rinonzi kufambira. In basa ravo vanoshandisa yakawanda inokosha mano, mukuru unova ano. Ngationei kuti chii uye sei unoshanda.

General unhu

Ano - chivakwa iri munharaunda kuchiteshi uye yokuva kana pokufa mitoro inodzidzisa nezvitima. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye murwi iro ukapisa murwi w / E nzira. Magadzirirwo ine zvikamu zvikuru zvitatu: vapedzisire-pachikamu, uye zvaimutambisira yacho ano. On downhill sezvamunoita kuuya vachishandisa locomotive. Zvadaro motokari nerimwe pasi pokudzora regiravhiti oga harikunguruswi kuti kuenda kudivi Drain, riri pamusoro pamateru. Between mabhanzi kure masiraidhi kana ngoro unhook (akawanda kwakabatana ngoro) kuumbwa penguva zvakakwana kuti uchatamisa miseve maererano nepurani Anoumba nziyo. ngoro tikaisa havukavu rinodzorwa akamedura nzvimbo, izvo takashongedzerwa ngoro retarders.

zvinhu pfungwa

Pegomo rainzi yakakwirira kwayo. Kazhinji, kukwirira kwayo kuri kubva 3.5 kusvika 4.5 metres. Pano ngoro kana unhook akatumwa podgorochnye nzira kuti kuenda. Kukwirira musiyano pakati pezvikomo akadana ayo vertex uye pfungwa akaverenga kuti yakaipisisa podgorochnogo rinopfungaira nzira. Kukwirira rinowanikwa kuitira kuti ave nechokwadi kwemutemo mumotokari murombo dzokutyaira waivako pasi yaivhuvhuta zvezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu kusvika dzaona pfungwa, iyo inotorwa kudanda pa 50 M kubva kumagumo nzvimbo akaputsa nzira yakaoma. Ano masiraidhi rinonzi Chigaro chikamu chayo, iro ngoro kana unhooked anotanga akazvimirira pasi kufamba.

Vapedzisire-chikamu - pakati nharaunda wokupedzisira turnouts predgorochnoy mutsipa kugamuchira paki uye pamusoro nemasiraidhi. mapazi iri kazhinji vakapakata protivouklonom kuti motokari nyore uncoupling, uye vanorega. Chikungiso mugove ukuwo, anonzi mapazi pakati kumusoro nemasiraidhi uye kutanga kufambira pamusoro paki. Muchikamu chino nzira pamwe yakatenuka chikuru inonzi nokukurumidza.

Mhando marshalling mamita

Decorative zvikomo zvivako anogona kunge munhu ari kuzviitirwa, kaviri madziro saizvozvo. The yokupedzisira unowanzoshandiswa nenzira huru-kufambira zviyero, pamwe yakawanda basa vose kumativi. Kwekutanga masiraidhi zvakavakwa chete munzvimbo ine dzinongoitika yakatenuka nyika. Vakawanda masiraidhi izvi zviri kushandiswa achiri. Gare gare vakatanga kuvaka chinotenderera Chinoshamisa ane chakagadzirwa materu.

Useful nzira nokuti braking motokari kunogona siyana. Zvose zvinoenderana pokuti ano iri. Stations, izvo dzakavakwa dzakakomberedza zvekufambisa nodes, pakupedzisira vakawana pachavo muguta. Kwakadaro rinovharidzira chirimwa chaiyo zvinodiwa. Tiri kutaura chinyararire kushanda Moderators uye chinja giya, inokosha mitemo, uye pokufa shoma kuwana munharaunda chechitima.

Mhando kuongorora mumapaki

Kufambira paka zvingava zvakafanana nokureba sezvo dzimwe nhepfenyuro uye mumapaki, kana mupfupi. Most Wakafupisa mumapaki dzakazara America, uko wakakodzera nomunzvimbo dzine uye madaro marefu pakati nhepfenyuro zvingaite nemamwe-refu nezvitima. Kupfupikisa ikaunganidzwa muna rimwe kufambira park, chokuita nzira nevamwe kuenda polusostavami. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva apo zvakanyanya zvichakubatsirai kugadzira motokari pachivanze refu. Zvose zvinoenderana mudunhu.

ichangobva chizvarwa kufambira masiraidhi zvinopa mukana kune omunharaunda kudzora zvinhu zvakadai miseve zvichikurukura nokugamuchira / achituma mumapaki, zvingangoita muchizviedza zvakafanira zvose mumatunhu uye dependencies. Nezvahwo zvinogoneka kundosangana centralized utariri kuchiteshi marshalling chechitima zvikuru.

Unhook kuti ano braking mapazi

Wokutanga rikaitika braking unhook ano nzvimbo yokuva kudzokorora zvikamu. Zvinonzi kuitwa nomumwe kana vaviri TA (akaputsa nzvimbo). Next braking - sighting kunoitika mupaki, kana kuti ngoro kuenda.

Also rizivikanwe nhepfenyuro kuti "Railways Russian" forcipate achapesana-retardants, uye dzimwe gadziriro zvinoshandiswa braking. Somuenzaniso, pazviteshi pedyo dzinogarwa dzoga, kuzodzima mwero akashandisa njanji nziyo zvinenge zvakazara rabha. The kukweshera simba kuitika apo kwebasa simbi vhiri riri rabha unhani, iri nokudzorwa Sachigaro. The vaizotibata kupfuura ndiwo akaputsa nzvimbo ano vakapakata magnets a zvachose. Ndivo zvikuru panguva mukuru aimhanya unhook (anopfuura 20 km / h).

Unhook kuti braking mupaki

The paka munyika dzine kuti braking motokari kana unhook kuisa imwe nhamba pfungwa retarders zvinopa quasi-kuramba nokukurumidza murau. The kupfuura kuzivikanwa panguva ndivo pfungwa hydraulic pisitoni Moderators womuenzaniso. Vari kusashanda kana vhiri flange anomhanya kupinda pisitoni decelerator akatasva pamitsipa njanji. Kana rinopfungaira nokukurumidza iri kupfuura (vakanyorwa Via imwe Switch), zvakawandisa kinetic simba chisisimo kana pisitoni inodedera pasi.

MuEurope, kwakapararira vagamuchirawo zononoka hydraulic retarder. Kana ngoro anomhanya pamusoro payo, vhiri flange kunouya achariwisira pamwe zononoka protrusion ari humburumbira, ekupedzisira kugadzira turnover, achitora chikamu vhiri simba. Kupikiswa, izvo achava ngoro retarder zvinoenderana sei zvikuru kumhanya mumotokari akapfuudza vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo.

Braking uri dzinongoitika materu dzemapurisa

Marshalling mamita ane dzinongoitika kutsvetera nokukurumidza kudzora kazhinji inoitika yose dzinza, uye predparkovoy nharaunda kusanganisira. Masiraidhi takashongedzerwa pamwe azvino chizvarwa kubva ngoro, izvo dziri chete mukati penzira uye anogona kuzununguswa pachishandiswa kwaita kudzora netambo. Kana zvakakodzera, unogona kunyange kubudisa ngoro unhooked kumotokari, iye anofanira kubatana. Kwakadaro mano anoshandiswa nevakawanda kuti w / D Munich pazviteshi, Zurich uye reRotterdam.

Uyezve mano nokuti braking kufambira masiraidhi vari vakapakata hydraulic accelerators. Vari makhiriniki mupaki yacho, uye vari kusashanda kana unhooked inofamba ari kumhanya yakaderera pane chakaipa nazvo.

The marongedzero decoration zvikomo kutanga

A wokutanga nzira vachida kugoverwa motokari yakavakwa kuDresden muna 1946. Panguva iyoyo, imwe nzira pokufa nezvitima rave richiparadzirwa munyika Europe - pamwe turntables. Muna 1858, panguva Leipzig yemapurisa wokutanga akatodzana ano hurongwa yakavakwa. Muchimiro yacho ano riri kutoitwa iyo, zvakanzi kutanga yakavakwa muna 1863 pamusoro yemapurisa French Ter Nord.

chokutanga protivouklon

Muna 1876, panguva chirimwa German kutanga kufambira yoga chinhu pamwe protivouklonom pitikoti-pachikamu uye zvenguva nzvimbo yakavakwa Shpeldorf. Kwekutanga masiraidhi akavaka pamusoro dzinongoitika materu, pasina protivouklona. Muna 1891, takatanga kushandisa kuparadzana kufambira paka pamusoro matanda (boka nzira). Panzvimbo braking mano kana akashandiswa akamedura shangu. Izvi nyore mano nhasi anogona kuwanika pamusoro dzinongoitika materu zvechitima.

Wokutanga retarder

Mune maviri remakore rapfuura muEurope uye America vakatanga kushandisa ngoro retarder danda mhando. Muna 1923, musi European yemapurisa Hamm yakatanga michini kunzwisisa zvina hydraulic retarders. Ndapera akazviratidza yakakomba nguva zvigadziriswe pakati electromechanical centralization mukana tiite kure kudzora njanji munharaunda ano. Zvishoma Papera, wokutanga yemagetsi mano zvakasikwa, kuunganidza Unorudzi kupfuura motokari. Maererano yakatarwa basa, vari vakazvimiririra kudzora chinja michina nematanda.

azere kushandisa michina

Muna 1955, panguva Chicago yemapurisa Kirk yakatanga wokutanga varikutonga ano yakaoma. By 1970 dzakawanda zvikuru zviteshi paiva kushandisa michina regiravhiti humps rakakwana. Papera chinguva vakatanga kushandisa redhiyo kudzora locomotives, saka nani yauinayo.

inotsiva

Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri kwaiva tsika kuti predominance pakati consignments duku. Nokuda vawedzere makwikwi pakati njanji uye dzimwe mhando nhumbi chokufambisa mugaba chokufambisa kuva akakodzera, izvo anobvumira kurerutsa kuzara mari uye vabatsirwe neimwe mhando yokufambisa. Kuti wakaremedza midziyo kubva njanji ngoro kuti mugwagwa uye gungwa chokufambisa, chaiyo nzvimbo kunge vakagadzirira pamwe kondo zvigadziriswe. With kukura mudziyo zvinyorwa muEurope, vazhinji kufambira dzemapurisa wokushandura mumapaki zvavo basa, izvo zvinogona wakaremedza midziyo pamwe motokari kwete chete panguva gungwa uye mugwagwa chokufambisa, asiwo vamwe nezvitima.

The yakaoma MSR 32

Siemens kambani kwakasimbiswa pakuvaka uye mazuvaano kuti njanji marshalling mamita inokosha kunzwisisa MSR 32. It kunobva mhando uye simba unodikanwa masiraidhi, uyewo yaro Profile uye mamiriro zvomunharaunda pave muenzaniso kuti kuongororwa nokubatsira zvemagetsi makombiyuta. Muenzaniso unoratidza iyo nzvimbo tsvene-zvakakodzera nokukurumidza sensors vesomery, mamita unhook kukura, akamedura chinzvimbo, uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri Sorting chechitima.

The Hurongwa zvinoenderana kune zvinodiwa mutengi kuonga kuti modular mudziyo. Zvinonzi midzi muna masiraidhi nedzimwe Profiles, braking zvatinofunga uye kugadzira nezvaanogona. Somuenzaniso, muna Zurich yemasiraidhi, akashongedzerwa MSR hurongwa 32, kurongedza 330 motokari paawa. injini iri kushanda ne redhiyo. KuVienna, mahwanda pfungwa yakafanana ane inokwana 320 mota paawa. The locomotive iri chinotenderera Chinoshamisa anomhanya paredhiyo. The hurongwa rinopa yose chinotenderera Chinoshamisa chinoramba kupanana ruzivo pamwe nokudzora nzvimbo. Operator ano vanofanira chete kuona kuti zvose zvakanga kushanda sezvo kuita. The peji vaimbova USSR, apo Siemens yakatoiswa zvemichina wayo wokutanga akava Vaidotai panhepfenyuro Lithuania. Zvishoma nezvishoma 32 MSR zvemichina riri kupararira munyika yose. Pazviteshi OJSC "Russian Railways", ivo vari kuedzwa.