Paumbwe marasha wayo kugadzirwa munguva yedu

Nyaya rinotaura pamusoro paumbwe marasha, umo nzvimbo rinoshandiswa zvakaitwa nayo, uyewo mapiro abudisa zvicherwa.

kutanga

Vanhu makagarwa nomoto kare, uye nokukurumidza akaziva richibatsira kwayo. A moto kwete chete kunodzivirira dzomusango uye kuchitonhora, kunogona kubika zvokudya vaigona kutsenga vana uye vakwegura, zvakakomba zvakawedzera kupona yose kwevanhu. Munhoroondo yose moto kuramba shamwari womunhu. Pakutanga mashoko XVIII remakore kukura wokutanga indasitiri zvakafanira nomutsa itsva nemafuta, uye nokudaro akava marasha. Sei paumbwe marasha, izvozvo apo rinoshandiswa uye chii vari zvachiri? In ichi isu vachanzwisisa.

The nhaka prehistory

Maererano Encyclopedic tsananguro, marasha - ndicho zvasara miti yekare uye zvavo zvikamu, vari munzvimbo dzakadzikira Pasi pasi kufurirwa uye pasina okisijeni dzikava ichi anobatsira mhando huni, iyo yava kushandiswa yose.

Huru marasha inotungamirwa nguva Masvomhu mamwe masayendisiti 'vakatanga makore anenge mamiriyoni 400 apfuura. Zvino vazhinji nyika akafukidzwa anezvimiti uye batana anofukidza. In marshes apo kuorera mazviri zvinomera uye rufu rakauya nokukurumidza inounganidzwa okupedzisira akaturikidzana, izvo deoxygenated mvura kuva peat. Zvadaro, pashure pechinguva pasi kufurirwa nevamwe chirimwa Organic akaturikidzana peat zvishoma anorasikirwa Urume uye magasi pakupedzisira dzikwanise marasha.

nokukurumidza Broad dzidzo marasha pamusoro zvekungofungira masayendisiti akamira nokuda notumwe kuti akaita dzinonzi chena ora. Izvi kwakatadzisa kutendeuka peat yake inotevera ibwe mamiriro.

Kana uchida kuwana nayo kumanikidzwa kwazvo pakadzika, pane nei kwokunze outputs pakati Zvisaririra? The ndechokuti mumakore aya makore mamiriyoni 400 pasi goko chakachinja kakawanda, uye nokuda kwake kufamba, zvimwe deposits vakanga kutamira penyika kana nekusiyana, iri zvakadzama. Uye nenzira, rinenge chero chikoro kana veko nhoroondo Museum, unogona kuwana sandara zvidimbu marasha, idzo zvakajeka imprints aionekwa prehistoric zvinomera, zvikurukuru ferns.

Zviwanikwa: marasha wayo muchinangwa Russian indasitiri

Up kusvikira pakati XVIII remakore Russian Empire peturu mhando iyi yaishandiswa asiko. Zvisinei, kunyange Peter Mukuru muna 1696, achibva kurutivi Azov rutsigiro, kuongorora vangangoramba chicherwa rinochiwedzera uye vakafanotaura ayo richibatsira uye kushandiswa kwakapararira zvizvarwa.

Uye kubva 1722, ndiyo chete Peter Mukuru akarayira maindasitiri uye Vanodzidza dzinotanga kusecherwa Zvisaririra. Zvino akabereka zvibereko: deposits dzave yakawanikwa zvinoverengeka munzvimbo.

Asi ayo nevakawanda wokurera chete wokutanga kota XIX zvicherwa. The marasha anopiwa simba riwedzere kuti indasitiri. Mushure zvose, zviri chisingakoshi, inoshanda uye nyore-kuti-kugadzirwa mafuta kuti akapfuudza chirwere kana muti mamwe marudzi.

Chii ukoshi?

Coal - zvokunyama combustible iyo, nemhaka ayo reserves makuru akaita zveupfumi. Pakutanga mashoko XIX remakore achibatsirwa vatanga pamwero kubereka kukandira simbi, kudziyisa misha yavo, yakava tsime simba nekuti zvikepe uye vose hwemvura kwemichina. Kusiyana mafuta kana gasi, ayo kugadzirwa riri nyore uye kunobatanidza zvishoma ngozi. Pashure nokusimudza makadzika enyika uye Sorting, zviri pakarepo kugadzirira combustion asina okuwedzera kugadzira. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga. With nzira marasha aumbwa, tinonzwisisa, asi apo uchiri zvikashandiswa, kunze muchoto, uye chii akasika?

kunyoresa

Nekuti marasha kuitawo chakagadzirwa graphite kushandiswa nepenzura, kemisitiri kana sezvo pagondobwe dzemagetsi Motors. Panguva Michina Second War World German unobereka kubva peturu. Asi, namafuta wokutanga uye akazobvunzwa vakanatswa mafuta. Saizvozvowo marasha zvinogona gasified. Zvisinei, izvi inodhura uye kwete kushandiswa chaizvo. Uyewo, sezvo ari co-zvinhu zviri dzokubudisa rayo kuzovazve vanadium, gallium, zingi, kutungamirira, molybdenum.

Saka isu afunga sei yakabereka marasha uye chii ukoshi hwayo.

ngozi

Kuwedzera kune zvakanaka ehupfumi, kuti dzokubudisa uye kushandiswa fuma rinobatanidza wandei nengozi dzakaipisisa. Iri kusvibiswa simba. The combustion kuti marasha kilogram vakawana 2,93 makirogiramu ose carbon dioxide inobvisa iyo zvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kunowedzerawo inokudza mugumisiro panyika.

ngozi rechipiri - zviri nezvainoita utano miners. Pakuuraya mukuru zviri marasha guruva, achidzivirira pachake kuzorwa naro, vanhu vane kushandisa masiki kuti kuvatadzisa kufema, uye somugumisiro, gasi exchange. Uyezve, mafuta rine dzinoverengeka nengozi nokuti zvipenyu zvinhu zvakadai mercury uye kutungamirira.

Saka zvino kuti tinoziva pamusoro iyi, sezvo marasha inotungamirwa. Zvicherwa maererano masayendisiti, pakupedzisira ichagumisa, uye ndicho chikonzero chakanaka chokufunga pamusoro Kuenda nzira manyuko zvitengeswa.