T-72: maitiro uye mifananidzo. T-72 "Ural" - chikuru hondo tangi USSR

Kunyange asati Serial kugadzirwa T-62 matangi, mukuru mugadziri L. N. Kartsevym Ural chekufambisa chirimwa akanga aronga kuti kuvandudza muenzaniso nokuzvisarudzira payo injini itsva, zvikuru simba, uye zvikuru ramangwana chassis. Chaioneka sezvo T-72 tangi. motokari unhu vakachengeta izvozvo senzira guru warrior.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Muzhizha 1961 makopi maviri Matangi okutanga dzakavakwa, uye vakanga kuedzwawo nokukurumidza muoti - pakutanga chirimwa, ipapo panguva nzvimbo. Chinhu akasiyana modernize, asi pasinei nezvose zvakanaka, asi muti haana pamutemo mvumo kuti pagadzirwe mota itsva. Gore negore, ari muenzaniso akaitwa mamwe kuchinja:

1. Chokutanga zvakafungidzirwa kuti vashandi of T-72 tangi, rwaiumbwa matatu - mutungamiri, murwi uye mutyairi.
2. The tangi akanga akashongedzerwa aine pfuti autoloaders uye nezvombo kudzivirira vanoronga yakavakirwa SRI simbi.
3. Chassis mienzaniso aronga yairema hapana matani anopfuura 40.

Asi kuchinja izvi vasina kutorwa, vaviri chete divi gearboxes vakasiyiwa.

Features tangi marongerwo

T-72 - tangi, anozivikanwa dzekare kuvakwa, kana kuparadzana simba riri shure. Management achingoraramira mune mberi chikamu motokari, pano dziri mafuta mumota, imwe tangi-rack ndiro kudzora mano mutyairi, magetsi.

Branch kuzvidzora zvinosanganisira zvokuimba chigaro, izvo anodzora tangi T-72. Above mutyairi chokutonga pane mukana. The yangu dzokurwa ndiro yakaiswa zano kuti anobvumira kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu. Mutyairi rinogara achityaira kuti judicious kugadzirwa zvigaro zviri pasi tangi.

vachirwa mupanda

Vashandi vemo mupanda ari tangi akasiiwa pakati Hull uye turret, izvo akaparadzaniswa simba rongedza iri rinokosha partition. Zvakanaka kufunga-panze zvakagadzirwa achibvumira nyore kwebasa vashandi nhengo kubva kumahofisi mabasa. Comfort uye ergonomics - chikuru kusiyana, izvo zvinogona pamusoro T-72 tangi. Hunhu pake somunhu revarwi mudziyo uri chinoshamisa:

1. The tangi iri nepokuongorora smoothbore pfuti shongwe 125 neMM, kuti ndinorova muchina uye moto masimba zviridzwa.
2. Right kubva pfuti iri vakapakata mutungamiriri uye murwi anogara kuruboshwe.
3. On nepfuti kurudyi pane PKT pfuti, uye pamusoro payo anozorora pane spacers chawo mutopota-rangefinder kuona.
4. Kubasa mukuru chinokwezva midziyo: inoitwa magetsi pfuti chimiso, tangi wehunyambiri kutungamirirwa, redhiyo, chaiwo midziyo, kuburikidza iyo kunze zvakabatana panosangana kumhara, iyo hwindimiri ngarurege kubva mukuru shongwe.
5. mukuru shongwe akafuka butiro ndiro torsion kamwechete.
6. Womubati cupola iri akashongedzerwa maviri nekuonekwa namano TNP-160 uye raakarayira mudziyo TKN-3.

The vachirwa mupanda iri vakapakata zviridzwa uye miitiro nechokwadi nyore kushandisa tangi.

simba rongedza

The aft mugove ane kuparadzana simba. Engine tangi T-72 iri kudivi chiteshi chengarava, uye pakati pavo pane imwe partition kuti injini kutonhora ezvinhu, mafuta Sefa, sefungu tangi vharuvhu. Kurudyi vakatasva mhepo purifier. Dzimba ane jira zvokudya, sezvamakaropafadzwa kutonhora gadziriro iri. Zvinonzi zvakare akashongedzerwa zvimwe kuparadzana simba uye chikuru mafuta tangi, iyo inobatsira kuti injini lubrication. Power hofisi yakavharwa muvharo. Kunwa Fuel tangi T-72 100 km sezvinotevera:

• apo motokari pasi - L 260-450;
• pamusoro Migwagwa - 240 l.

muviri Features

Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira Matangi Soviet - T-72 tangi. Hunhu sechinhu hondo aizova kukwana kana kwete kutsanangura zvaidiwa muviri. Dzimba muenzaniso ichi - chinhu yakaoma nyaya, kuti welded dzokurwa kwamahwendefa. vari pano mhuno mugove akaronga, kurutivi zvokudya, pasi, masvingo uye kufefetedza pamusoro injini uye padenga simba rongedza.

Frontal jira - a multilayer chipingamupinyi ematongerwo enyika simbi uye Washington City Offices, pakukora chinopa kusakara nemishonga unhani. Panhivi muviri vanosimbiswa wehunyambiri dzokurwa ndiro, pakati chikamu vari vaisanganisa aidzivirira rinoparadza. chinangwa chavo - kuwedzera womukati vhoriyamu yakakomberedzwa uye dzishandise pamusoro peshongwe yavo. The yose mukomberedzo kumativi acho vari welded mumabhuraketi, izvo akatasva ari mudhiraivho.

T-72 - yakakurumbira tangi Soviet kuti akafuridzirwa kuremekedzwa pasi pose. Fudza pokugara waro dzokurwa ndiro shure. Sokudzivirira akatasva feni kanganisa. Zviri volute nepokuongorora bvisika mberi uye divi ndiro. Dzimba ine kutonhora kurudza uye chinangwa chikuru partitions - kuronga aibuda mhepo. Panhivi tangi vaisanganisa aine siketi ane Ukobvu 3 mm uye zvakagadzirwa aruminiyamu chiwanikwa. Kuti aponese mamiriro zviri tangi achityaira pamusoro munzvimbo dzakaoma, kuti sefa anogona kuiswa stowed nzvimbo - pre-Takudzai navo panhivi guruva ichibhabhamisa. Kana T-72 hondo, nhoo guruva inogona muAtlantic mberi panguva necheparutivi 60 inegumi.

neshongwe sei?

Akashandisa kusika kubva shaped kuraswa dzokurwa simbi, zviri welded pamusoro padenga uye musoro izvo zvinodzivirira pechingoro nenyere-kuona rangefinder. Shongwe siyana monolithic mamiriro, sezvamakaropafadzwa rusvingo ukobvu zvinosiyana. The mberi chikamu nepokuongorora kakomba apo pfuti yacho yakaiswa, kudivi pamusoro - Arc Matama, izvo zvinokosha kuti Réservation yacho goko.

Rworudyi pfuti inopa nokuda embrasures iri coaxial pfuti. Asiya pfuti chikomboredzo, sezvamakaropafadzwa zvivheneko akatasva usiku pamberi akabatana kumicheto, kuburikidza icho zvokudya kuti pfuti yemagetsi actuator. Kuruboshwe hafu padenga tsotsonya ane nechigadziko, apo murwi iri. Tower kutenderera hydraulic uye Chinyorwa mashandiro. izvi zvose chinosiyanisa T-72 tangi, iyo inoti kunoita kuti tigumise pamusoro kurwa unhu warrior motokari.

tangi nezvombo

turret akashongedzerwa aine smoothbore pfuti D-81TM, zvinonzi aiwanzopiwa wokushanda nomumwe pfuti, uye vari kudzikamiswa maviri ndege kutungamirirwa. Upfu nepfuti - kumicheto kuti zvakabatana pakati casing ruoko, kuti breech mashandiro uye Flushing. Iyewo, ine mokugezera matanhatu. pfuti shutter siyana Semi-otomatiki nokushanda kwadzinoita. Vachiridzira kuwanda tangi T-72 ari sezvinotevera:

• kana vachiridzira dzokurwa kuboora projectiles, uye tinofanira kugara daro riri 4000 M;
• paaishandisa mukuru-putika anoshongwa ukoshi hwayo rinosvika 5000 M;
• kana kupfura usiku akaenzana 800 M;
• kana anoshongwa dzinoridzwa ane lateral pamwero uchishandisa mukuru-putika anoshongwa, vachiridzira siyana anogona kusvika 9400 m.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nokuda otomatiki uchiraira dzakasiyana rwisana pfuti vachiridzira mwero kune 8 vaitenderera paminiti, pamwe Chinyorwa uchiraira pamusoro - 1-2 kwepfuti paminiti.

Vachiridzira siyana T-72 anopiwa stereoscopic monocular kuona-rangefinder akashongedzerwa zvimwe akazvimirira Kudzikamiswa ari kutarisana munda. Kushandisa kuona chipfuro kure akayera ari kuwanda 1000-4000 mamita ane kururama 3-5 muzana. Kana vachiridzira iri kuitwa usiku, pakaitwa usiku pamberi ine chiedza inobva vaIri firita.

Womubati Tower riri vakapakata pfuti Anti ndege, izvo zvinoita kuti kamwe mhepo uye ivhu kunangwa. Kana ari T-72 TTX tangi zvinotevera: nomusi distal mhepo huru vachiridzira chiri kuitwa panguva chinhambwe 1500 M pasi - kusvika 2000 M antiaircraft tangi chokugadza kunosanganisira :.

• pfuti NSV 12.7 mm;
• mbereko pamwe hazviiti mudziyo;
• Anti-ndege kuona;
• mubato, vachibvumira yakananga Chishandiso yakatambarara uye vertically;
• tenga nokuti anoshongwa;
• vakadengezera mashandiro.

Key anoshongwa

Imwe simba kupfuura warrior kurwisa Russian nguva dzose - the T-72. Chombo anotora zvinotevera vaitenderera:

• automaton AKMS 7,62 mm;
• chiratidzo pfuti;
• 10 ruoko magirinedhi.

The tangi ane-ndege mbiri stabilizer maoko electrohydraulic, icho pamwe chete ane Manyiminya kuona-rangefinder. The chikuru zvebasa kunzwisisa ichi ndiwo:

1. Vapiwa kuchengeta pfuti uye pfuti pane imwe nzvimbo panguva kwebasa tangi.
2. Kufurira munhu kudzikamiswa pfuti uye pfuti zvakanaka nokugadzirisa nokukurumidza nhungamiro.
3. Kukunda unstabilized pfuti ari chinjikira ndege.
4. Itai kukanganiswa of tangi nomubati murwi.
5. Emergency tenderera neshongwe mutyairi.

With stabilizer inopiwa chisina kutsetseka velocity, izvo anonyengetedzwa pedyo vertically pfuti iri otomatiki nzira. On chikamu tangi zvombo - 39 kwepfuti nokuda pfuti, 2000 dzinenge zvombo kuti pfuti PKT, 300 dzinenge zvombo kuti muchina, 12 cartridges nokuti chiratidzo chivhorovhoro uye 300 dzinenge zvombo nokuda Anti-ndege pfuti.

Features uchiraira

Panguva T-72 ane zvakawanda electromechanical, iyo yaibva akapa pfuti. It rine kutenderera conveyor, vachisimudza mashandiro makaseti, nhoo kubviswa mashandiro vachizvitakudza tsvimbo, dynamoelectric chimiso pfuti, ndangariro uye kudzora chikwata.

USSR kurwa tangi nepokuongorora kutenderera conveyor kuti akatasva muchina pepuranga uye rinosanganisira puranga, imwe electromechanical actuator viomak, nokuvhara rokupa mashandiro rejira mahwindo, kuti chimiso uye ruoko tikachirega. In pepuranga 22 akaisa makaseti, ndiye yakasimba welded kuvakwa. The tepi iri welded uye pombi maviri vanofanira kutakura rakasiyana-siyana kwepfuti.

Features simba chirimwa

Midziyo tangi T-72 rinoratidza kuvapo dzakachinjwa powerplant. Zviri Diesel injini ine 780 horsepower iri vaisanganisa mura kutonhora maitiro uye nemotokari Centrifugal supercharger. Engine uremu iri 980 makirogiramu, zviri kuiswa mune simba chiteshi. Multi-mafuta injini anogona kumhanya pamusoro siyana mavanga Diesel, peturu neparafini. Asi chikuru mafuta - Diesel. tangi injini simba Kunoumbwa 4 indoor uye 5 panze mafuta matangi.

Kuti adzivirire mhepo yakachena iyo anopinda sepombi injini, kuti tangi mberi ari akashongedzerwa ane mbiri-padanho mhepo yakachena kuti kunobvisa guruva neguruva nemuteresi. Yokunatswa rinoitwa mu zvinogara akawanda, uye ipapo ndokunatsawo kuti 99,8 muzana mhepo anopinda injini.

The midziyo yacho T-72 rinoratidza kuvapo mafuta uye kutonhora hurongwa. The lubrication gadziriro achiparadzira uye zvabatanidzwa, uye kutonhora maitiro - mvura uye rakanamwa, zvinonzi vaisanganisa ne kumanikidzwa kutenderera. The rinokosha kudziyisa hurongwa inotanga kudziya injini uye anoramba dzemuviri pamberi kanda.

Tank T-72 nepokuongorora Chinyorwa hutachiwana ane hydraulic kuzvidzora zvinosanganisira gitare uye vaviri transmissions. Guitar ainzi giya yokuderedza kuti transmits torque nokupfuuridzirwa.

Chassis uye midziyo

Combat kurema T-72 ndiye matani 44,5, nepo undercarriage - a bi nhanhatu rubberized rollers uye nhatu Uni achitaura chinotenderera undovakira nemotokari vhiri urongwa, asi mudhiraivho ane crank mashandiro. The tangi ane mumwe torsion kuturika, iyo inowedzera hydraulic kuvhunduka absorbers uye matanhatu anotsigira rollers. Mazana vane zvidzidzo zviduku pamwe nokuwanda shangu 97 mairi.

Pakati okuwedzera mano pamusoro tangi zvinogona kuonekwa, uye redhiyo kukurukurirana mudziyo, rakagadzirirwa subscribers mana. Redhiyo unoshanda somunhu transceiver uye serura, ichipa kukurukurirana siyana anosvika 20 km. The transceiver 1261 anoshanda panguva uchishandisa kakawanda, chiratidzo yedzimudzangara uye kugamuchirwa zvinoitiswa chimwe maitikiro.

chengetedza hurongwa

Pasinei chokwadi kuti uremu T-72 Raishamisa, rakanga akashongedzerwa Zvimwe hurongwa kuti yaichengetedza warrior motokari zvombo zvinoparadza. Systems anogona kudzivirira tangi dzaro munyika midziyo kubva kuvhunduka chinozunguzirwa, nemwaranzi kubva kuputika yenyukireya, achivimbisa kuchengeteka vashandi kana chavakaona ine chepfu yomuchipatara kana zvombo zvoutachiona.

Nokufema kudzivirira kuitwa wemaoresa dzokurwa, uyewo yepamusoro chisimbiso. Mukati tangi, yakavimbika zvinhu chaiyo, pamwe kurwisana mupanda uye mutyairi wacho mupanda iri makachengeteka chisimbiso. Dziviriro Hurongwa anoshumira chiedza uye kutinhira aramu, uye anodzora nemwaranzi nenhanho redundancy mukati tangi kufurirwa uye kuvapo zvine chepfu panze kwayo.

Fire anodzima System munhu-fő matatu midziyo ayo akazara extinguishant uyewo mapaipi matatu, iyo kubatanidza sepombi uye mapazi, uye pfumbamwe tembiricha sensors. A rinokosha hurongwa zvairamba anoshumira yakavimbika kudzivirirwa utsi. It Anomhanyira Diesel mafuta.

Pakati okuwedzera midziyo tangi T-72 inogona kutaurwa marongedzero pemvura dzokutyaira, izvo zvinoita kuti vakurire zvipingamupinyi pamusoro mvura kudzika 5 m uye ine upamhi anosvika 1000 m. Mamiriro mudziyo uyu chinosanganisirawo lifejackets Masiki akagadzirirwa kuti vashandi nhengo dzose.

Modifications tangi T-72

All makore kusunungurwa tangi wakatangwa muna sere dzinokosha mienzaniso: T-72, T-72M uye T-72M1, T-72C vavo mhando. Uyezve, iye achishingaira kutengeswa kunze munyika dzakadai kuCzechoslovakia, Poland, East Germany, Hungary uye Bulgaria. Muna 2007, motokari idzi warrior vaiva mubasa dzakawanda - Algeria, Vietnam, Libya, Macedonia, Kyrgyzstan, uye vamwe vakawanda. Tank T-72 akashandiswa kwazvo munyika dzakawanda sepokutangira vakawanda engineering, anokosha uye uto motokari.

T-72 - ndiye tangi Ural kuti kare zvakurukurwa mumwe kupfuura simba uye hwakavimbika kwete chete muna USSR asiwo munyika. The upgraded shanduro ichiri kubudiswa munyika dzakawanda, apo nguva kuvandudza kudzorwa maitiro uye simba michina.