Funicular - segungwa nemanzwiro. Sei funicular: mudziyo, kureba, nokukwirira. Yakakurumbira funicular muKiev, Vladivostok, Prague uye Barcelona

Vagari mamwe maguta munyika vanogona kuzvikudza kuti vane mururimi munyika yavo zvinokwezva dzakadai funicular. Izvi haisi motokari. Chinogona nechivimbo kunzi uchitorwa mwoyo nomunhurume umo utilitarian vachisimudza basa iri pamwe varaidzo.

kuti waya motokari sei?

Chikuru funicular mudziyo inozivikanwa nezita raro (shoko "funiculitis" rinoshandurwa sezvo tambo pamwe Latin uye Italian). It rine traction ino uye Trailers, kazhinji kufamba negwara. zano Izvi zvinobvumira iwe yokufudza mutoro. Engineering kuvaka rinewo njanji, rachulis, actuators uye braking gadziriro, kusanganisira nechimbichimbi actuating rwoga kana tambo hwatsvuka kana zvimwe mwero mamiriro ezvinhu. Design funiculars zvakasiyana nechimwe mumaguta vakanga vavaka maererano rake design, pamwe nemamwe mavakirwo nhepfenyuro uye tikaisa wemari magadzirirwo.

Akararamazve Odessa funicular

Somuenzaniso, muna Odessa, pedyo Giant manera (Papera zita Potemkin), kubva 1902 vakavhura zviri waya motokari, kutanga muna Russian Empire. Muna 60-ies ose XX remakore panzvimbo yaro waisa escalator, sevaya kuti vanoshanda vari pevhu. Bandwidth yakawedzera, asi maiwe ano Kutarira pamwe nhau pakuonekwa kumaodzanyemba kweguta. Pakupedzisira, ano "aifamba manera," kusakadzwa, uye ikozvino ashandira funicular panzvimbo kamwe zvakare. maumbirwo ichi anoshandisa vakakodzera kubudirira pakati vagari Odessa uye vaenzi muguta, uye inopa zvinoshamisa maonero chengarava uye chiteshi, kunze kwayo hwezvekukurukurirana nzira kuna Primorsky Boulevard, pashure kukwira 192 matanho vamwe vanhu, kunyanya vakwegura, zviri richikunetesa.

Chitima muSan Francisco - muenzaniso nokuda waya motokari iri Vladivostok

Funicular Vladivostok akanambwa somumwe matanho kuchinja ichi yegungwa muguta kunoshamisa "Soviet San Francisco." Pakashanya kuUnited States, yakaitirwa 1959, ari First Munyori ari CPSU N. S. Hruschev akafadzwa ezvinhu mumadhorobha chokufambisa of Californian Metropolis, usina vakaenzana munyika. Sezvo Vladivostok, San Francisco iri zvakaoma nomunzvimbo dzine, uye kuti dzinofamba famba pairi runako zvakaoma, tine chimwe chinhu kukwira, ipapo aburuke kumawere. Munhuwo mumadhorobha senga dzimwe anokwira zvinogona mhiri simba, uye ipapo yakaitwa inonakidza sarudzo. trams All guta San Francisco chinofamba njanji, pakati iyo yakarongwa tambo. Kumisa motokari, namakurukota anofanira kuzarura kubatana mudziyo uye tigoshingairira pamusoro akamedura, uye sangano kunotanga apo neizvi chiito. Zviri kunyange zvakaoma kuona chaizvo funicular kana chitima ndiko, asi maitiro anoita zvakanaka, asi sezvo tikaisa wemari kushandiswa kudzorera motokari kare pasina injini yabva kunyika dzakasiyana, izvo zvinoita chero rwendo mafaro akazadzwa uchinzvera zvakasikwa.

Funicular - kuona "Vlad"

Kungava kuti basa muna 1962 muna Vladivostok funicular uye muduku pakukura uye branching of US, asi iyewo zvakanaka chaizvo. Chete kuFar East, izvozvo rinobatanidza apo panopinda Golden Horn pamwe Orlinaya mumugwagwa V. Sibirtseva. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, vanoda kuwana kuti School of Engineering vadzidzi, vashanyi zvechokwadi achakurova aikosha ichi, uye vaigara muguta kukunda pamawere pegomo, kana havadi kuenda yapamusoro, "chiuru chimwe danho" (Chokwadi, avo 368, asi zviri zvakawanda). Pamukwidzwa kubudikidza waya motokari kuti nekukwirira 70 metres kunotora maminitsi gumi nemashanu, panguva iyo nguva chinokunda 183 mamita njanji. Saka, avhareji yakatenuka mukuru 22 madhigirii, kuti zvikuru.

Funicular muPrague - nzira vadikani

Kusiyana ano uye anobatsira kwazvo vagari Vladivostok funicular njanji mu muCzech guru njanji musi Petrin pechikomo zviri zvikuru zvemafaro zvinokwezva, uye makore ake seane uchenjeri - yakatanga kushanda muna 1891. Panguva iyoyo akanga akazarurwa mumwe funicular yakakurumbira muPrague Letna chikomo. motokari nzira rudo uye wakajeka. On yaro 510-mita Kureba motokari chinokunda duku mugero pasi parusvingo yekare nhare, uye panguva Terminus nevashanyi, kunze wenharire shongwe, achimirira chivezwa kuna nokutsvoda. Inzvimbo musangano kufarira vechiduku Praguers.

Barcelona funiculars

"Tibidabo" - mukuru funicular muBarcelona (uye vose vari vatatu). The nzira inotungamirira naye pamusoro pegomo, pashure pacho inonzi, mumwe nhepfenyuro iri mumugwagwa Dr. Andreu. Tibidabo ari mumwe tambo nechitima - "Vayvidrera", iro ngaubve Peude chiteshi, asi zviri duku zvikuru, vanogona kuchengeta chete anenge makumi mashanu varimo. Nokusimudza kukwirira zvose funicular inenge chete, vanopfuura 160 metres, asi zvakasiyana urefu (729 uye 1152 metres azvaitwa), izvo zvinoreva kuti inofamba kunoitika panguva yakasiyana steepness pamusoro pamateru. Saka, munhu "Tibidabo" mamwe norupfave, pasinei akwegura (ari kushandiswa kubvira 1901), zvinotora mubhazi mazana mana, uye Peude munun'una wake - sere nguva shoma.

Montuika funicular - mabhazi uye motokari panguva imwe chete

Third funicular - "Montuika" - chikamu Municipality pakati Barcelona chokufambisa, zviri zvaitika uye nokukurumidza. Its chinangwa - kubatanidza yomunharaunda waya motokari kubva Metro station "Parallel" chiteshi. The njanji iri chaizvo zvakanaka iri, ayo 758-mita nzira anomhanya pakati vasingadzoreki mumatenhere uye anosimudza vakatakurwa kuti kukwirira 76 mamita. Titevedzere Barcelona City Kutarisirwa kuedza nechokwadi kuti zvokusvika mubereko vakauya chezvipo mari napo. Tourist kukwezvwa kunoita kwezvivako, vapfumi vane mumaresitorendi, cafes nezvimwe zvinovaraidza yokuitira kuti asike ose ezvinhu kuti kunakidzwa maonero akanaka kubva kumakomo Montuika. Akavaka waya motokari muBarcelona pachiitiko rakaitirwa ikoko muna 1929, imwe yenyika wakanaka, asi akakwana hwokugadzira chirwere akatibvumira kushandisa ive Olympic Zvivako mu-ndinoiitawo matanhatu emakore.

Kiev funicular - pfungwa uye Implementation pamusoro

Funicular muKiev - mumwe zviratidzo muguta. Akanga ruzivo nhoroondo nenyonganyonga zhinji. Revolution, hondo yevagari vemo, Directory Makhnovshchina, ari yeAustria kupindira Ukrainian zvokuvhoterwa, nokuparadzwa, Mukuru Patriotic Hondo uye vaviri "the maidan" - iri zvishomanana mazita zviitiko, kuburikidza icho vakapfuura Kiev cheya chikwidzo chete. Akatanga hwake muna 1905, pashure pemakore maviri kuvakwa, "muBelgian kambani" vakatora kana kushanda. Vanyori chacho, mainjiniya Russian ARMENIA Baryshnikov uye N. K. Pyatnitsky, akaronga kureba kota munhu kiromita kure, asi muridzi weimba pazasi mugwagwa akaramba kutengesa midziyo yake kuzviremera guta, uye aifanira adzokorore zano, vachigurisira nzira mamita makumi mashanu. Zvisinei, vakawanda dambudziko, kureva kuedza Kiev upenyu, kumanikidzwa kukwira kure pamipendero achitevedza nzira uye masitepisi nemazana matanho, yave kugadziriswa. Chitima vasingagoni kuyambuka kukwira mawere makomo Kiev. Pashure Odessa Kiev akava guta rechipiri kuRussia, iyo kunoita hurongwa zvaisanganisira chinhu electromechanical zvinoshamisa sezvo St. Michael kuti vanomutswa (sezvazvakanyorwa pakutanga rainzi hwokugadzira utsanzi).

The kuberekwazve Kiev funicular

Kiev funicular aishanda yaro yepakutanga muchimiro kusvikira 1928, apo, panguva nomuitiro Nokuraramisa paiva kukundikana turera iyo achifinyamisa pasi mawere njanji, akakunda wechipiri. In chiitiko ichi, sezvinei, vakanga vasina vakafa asi chivako waida guru gadziridzo. Yokutsiva ndavhiyiwa rinopfungaira, tambo-mitsetse uye braking gadziriro. Uyezve, rezasi chiteshi akanga payakazotama, uye nzira chinoshanda imwe 38 mamita. A simba chikwata zvinosanganisira vaviri DC Motors muSwitzerland (nokuti 65 l. S., 1903 wokuenzanisira gore), uye tambo nemotokari chisimudziso vakashumira kusvikira 1984 gore.

Muna 1986, wechitatu makuru rokuvakazve rakapera, izvo munhau dzayo kwave kuchiita Kiev funicular. Chivako ichi zvino otora motokari nemazana vanhu kuti nekukwirira 75 metres ari kumhanya 2 m / chik. Sezvineiwo zvakawedzera simba vanokwanisa, ndakagadza simba riri 100 KW. The Kureba penzira yakasvika 222 m. Ngoro abve ose maminitsi nomwe. Zuva nezuva, vanenge 15,000 mubhazi vanoshandisa ichi yakakunakira chimiro chokufambisa.

Shanda kunatsiridza funicular dzinoitwa nguva dzose, inesungano Kusimudzira kuchengeteka uye vazive vanhu. Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna aesthetic divi, nekuti ichi chivako vagara chikamu nhoroondo pakuonekwa Ukrainian guru.