Non-ferrous simbi: zvinhu uye nzvimbo kushandiswa. Processing vasiri ferrous simbi

Non-ferrous nesimbi uye avo alloys vari zvinowanzoshandiswa indasitiri. Nezvavo zvibereko midziyo, maturusi zvinhu, uye kuvakwa akaita. Application Vari kunyange zvinowanikwa unyanzvi, akadai kuvaka zvivako uye zvivezwa. Ndezvipi asiri ferrous nesimbi? Zvii zvavanobatsirwa nhaka? Ngationei izvozvo.

Ndezvipi zvacho?

Pakutanga kudzidzwa anonzi "simbi" inosanganisira Uyewo zvicherwa uye mhangura, kuti zviparadzanise pfungwa akatanga chete XVI remakore. Metals - vari nyore zvinhu kuti nhaka zvimwe unhu. The huru zvatariswa ndivo chafariz conductivity uye magetsi conductivity, ductility, esimbi Sheen, mukuru plasticity uye simba panguva imwe chete.

Panguva Periodic Table yevaifungidzirwa zvinosanganisira 94 maatomu akafanana. Chemical ehupfumi, vari rakakamurwa alkaline, Transitional, chiedza, lanthanides, actinides, Semi-nesimbi, uye zvichingodaro. D. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, vari pakutanga muna yakasimba mamiriro.

Chimwe chezvinhu yakakurumbira simbi kushandisa - simbi. Alloys ine simbi, inonzi ferrous nesimbi, ari indasitiri anogara ari oga niche indasitiri. Izvi zvinosanganisira alloys akadai simbi uye simbi. For ferrous nesimbi dzimwe nguva dzinonzi chromium uye manganese. Vamwe vari chitsvuku.

Non-ferrous simbi

Izvi mhando zvinowanzooneka vachinzi "vasiri ferrous" simbi. Zvichienzaniswa dema, havana zvikuru kubatwa kupfeka, kuva mukuru nemishonga uye moto nemishonga. Non-ferrous nesimbi zvakawanda kuchinja uye nyore ribude. Vanogona kuumba asidhi nemishonga alloys.

Vari rakakamurwa mapoka akawanda, zvichienderana mumuviri zvivako uye kuwanda. Saka, pane kuti rinorema uye chiedza simbi. Nderake wokutanga kutungamirira, tini, mekuri, zingi, uye kune wechipiri - magnesium, beryllium, lithium uye aruminiyamu. Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten inozivikanwa se refractory.

Kuparadzaniswa sezvo zvisingawanzoitiki uye anokosha simbi. The zvisingawanzoitiki anorondedzera tantalum, molybdenum, Radium, thorium. Havasi zvakajairika chaizvo panyika nechepasi, uye kubudiswa ravo rakaoma. Noble kana anokosha nesimbi iri zvachose kwete nengura uye vane chinokosha kubwinya. Vakapa goridhe, Platinum, sirivha, ruthenium, osmium, Palade, iridium.

Kugadzira uye kugadzira

Extraction uye kubudiswa non-ferrous simbi inoda zvakawanda pfuma kupfuura simbi kurapwa, sezvo vari vashoma zvikuru. The ores yemanyorero ane kusvika 5% of rinobatsira mumiririri kuti rinoshandiswa indasitiri. Pakarepo mushure dzokubudisa esimbi okudzidziswa, raiparadzanisa kubva gangue, mukanyanyisa simbi kugutsikana.

Next, zviri pasi pezvakaitwa siyana kuchinja hukuru, zvitarisiko, unhu. Nzira Matanho uye kubudiswa mitoo vari novimba achida. Non-ferrous nesimbi ingasanganisira Kuumbwa yavo, kurovererwa, nokuchengetedza, nomoto, uye zvichingodaro. D. For vamwe unhu hwavo aivhengana. The inozivikanwa alloys wakaumbwa anodized aruminiyamu, Babbitt, ndarira, silumin, nendarira.

The kupfuura mukurumbira maindasitiri non-ferrous nesimbi - aruminiyamu uye mhangura. Dzavo manufactures Russia, USA, Italy, Germany, Japan, Australia, uye Latin America. Most mumigodhi yemhangura Chile. Guinea kutengeswa nyika mutungamiriri kugadzirwa bauxite pakuburitswa mutobvu - Austria, tini - Indonesia. South Africa pokutanga kutanga kubudisa ndarama nesirivha mined kuMexico.

Kushandiswa simbi

Non-ferrous nesimbi dzavo alloys vari kuita zvinhu zvizhinji zvokuvakisa. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, mazuva ose tinofanira kubata navo. Vakaita musuo Pazvibato, nehari, kettles, uye digitaalinen musha midziyo yemagetsi, fenicha, mwenje uye zvakawanda.

Vari zvikuru kushandiswa pakuvaka siyana zvikamu nematurusi. Of vaya vakaitwa waya, screws, nzungu, screws, zvipikiri, kuti foil mahwendefa zvakasiyana siyana, nezvisungo, machira uye sepombi.

Non-ferrous simbi dziri akakodzera kugadzirwa makuru zvokushandisa, saka zvinoshandiswa mupomerwi indasitiri. Ndivo vakareruka zvikuru kupfuura simbi, saka kushandiswa apo aida simba uye nenyama panguva imwecheteyo, zvakadai motokari, zvikepe, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye ndege.

Copper inoshandiswa mapurani, kana mukugadzira pombi. Nokuti mukurumari zvinonzi kwakawedzera negoridhe kwezvishongo gadzira. Lead inowedzerwa ingi, rinoshandiswa kuti wiring, nokuti kugadzirwa mabara uye zvinoputika. The lithium vanoenderana pagadzirwe alkali mabhatiri kuti optics mune zvemagetsi, kuti mishonga.

Features uye dzinonakidza zvinhu

The inonyanya simbi iri pasi goko - aruminiyamu. Pakati zvose pabani okunze ndiko wechitatu, shure okisijeni nesilicon. Kusiyana pazviri pane isingawanzowanikwi simbi rhenium zvakasikwa, mazita rwizi German Rhine.

Lithium ndiye lightest. It ane yakaderera arambe achirema, saka kunyange floats mu reparafini. Lithium chepfu uye kunokonzera Uchipisa pamusoro ganda uye bundu. Zvinonzi inochengetwa chaihwo mumidziyo namafuta chicherwa kana Paraffin.

Most vaiona refractory tungsten. Zvinogona vavhunduka imwe tembiricha pamusoro 3422 Celsius pamota - pa 5555 inegumi. Nemhaka iyi dzinoti rinoshandiswa kuti filament muchiedza Mabumba uye kinescopes.