American Ngarava dzepasi pemvura: mazita. Projects zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura

The nezvikepe chero nyika - ari mashandiro simba geopolitical containment. A yepasi pemvura nezvikepe, avo pamberi kunokanganisa dzepasi noukama uye panova kurwisana. Kana ari XIX remakore, Britain rinorondedzerwa kudivi pamuganhu waro frigates zvechiuto, muna XX remakore kwenyika nyanza mutungamiri anova nezvikepe United States of America. Uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura American vakaita basa.

Chinonyanya kukosha

Yepasi pemvura rengarava anowana kuti America kuramba kukosha. Kare, nyika parinoperera miganhu mvura, kuti zviome kurwisa yomuvengi yokuvanda. Nokuuya munyika ano pemvura Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye zvombo "yepasi pemvura - mhepo", miganhu izvi zvava richiita kuti America.

Zvinowedzerwa kunetsana nyika dzakawanda ukama nyika vaMuslim anoita kukanganisa upenyu vagari America chaiye. Iranian Islamists hadzina kusiyiwa mukuedza kwavo kuwana zvombo "yepasi pemvura - mhepo", uye chinotyisidzira vose kumahombekombe nzvimbo America. Zvino iyi, kuparadzwa richava guru. Kufurirwa kurwisa nechekare kubva mvura inogona chete kuva zvakafanana mupikisi.

The kuitika US Mutungamiri Donald Trump yake bvunzurudzo wokutanga akati anoda zvakare kuwedzera US yepasi pemvura rengarava. Asi pasi mumwe ezvinhu - kuderedza mutengo wayo. Ichi chinhu tifunge makambani kuti uvake zvenyukireya US Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Muenzaniso wacho vatovako. Pashure Donald Trump akati kuti kuteterera kuna Boeing Company kuti nerubatsiro isingadhuri murwi, Lockheed Martin kambani kwakaderedza mutengo murwi F -35.

vachirwa simba

Nhasi, US yepasi pemvura magwa vacho mabhomba simba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pakuita mabasa muhondo kugona achatungamirira chete uwandu zvokudya uye mvura mundege. Zvikuru zvakawanda Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kirasi "Los Angeles." Izvi yechitatu-chizvarwa magwa vane misha vanenge 7 matani, mitambo yomumvura udzamu kusvika 300 metres uye mari inenge $ 1 miriyoni. Pari Zvisinei, America unotsiva navo nezvikepe nechechina chizvarwa "Virginia" Kirasi, akazokwanisa uye hunofanira $ mamiriyoni 2,7. Uye mutengo ichi hunoruramisa mhenyu vaita.

effectives

Nhasi, ari US Navy ari kutungamirira uye nhamba, uye pamusoro yokusimbisa Naval maoko. Naval ehondo United States ine 14 inokosha zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye 58 kurwiswa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

US uto yepasi pemvura zvikepe zviri vakapakata nezvemarudzi maviri Ngarava dzepasi pemvura:

• Ocean ballistic chikepe. Deep-gungwa yepasi pemvura, vavariro izvo zvombo hurukuro kuti kuenda uye nyaya ballistic zvombo. Nemamwe mazwi, dzinonzi zvine urongwa. Defence chombo haina hunomiririrwa simba firepower.
• "Boats - vavhimi." High-nokukurumidza magwa, zvinangwa uye nezvinangwa izvo ichiita mabasa akawanda: mumagwa rwendo zvombo uye anochengetedza runyararo mauto ari yairwiwa, mheni kurwisa uye kuparadza mauto muvengi. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kwakadaro inonzi multifunctional. specificity yavo - Ngaakurumidze, maneuverability uye namano.

Kuvamba Kugadzirwa pemvura kufamba America anotanga pakati rokupedzisira remakore. The Vhoriyamu nyaya asingadi kureva inofa mashoko akadaro. Tinotarisa ari zvombo zvenyukireya, iyo yakatanga pashure Second World War. Zvakaita zvombo pasi pemvura renyukireya riri Armed Forces of America achava kuitisa, vachinamatira tevedzera maitikiro ezvinhu musimboti.

Yokutanga experimental yenyukireya

In Connecticut shipyard muna Groton muna January 1954 zvakanzi raparurwa America yepasi pemvura yokutanga "Nautilus» (USS Nautilus) pamwe misha matani mamiriyoni 4 uye kureba 100 metres. Akauya ari kutanga rwendo kuburikidza gore. Ndiyo "Nautilus" muna 1958. The yokutanga yakaitwa pasi mvura North Pole kuti opera mu nhamo - Kuparara periscope ane kukundikana wekushandisa enyika. Zvakanga experimental uye chete multi-chinangwa Avangard muchikepe Akash kugadzwa nouta, uye torpedoes uye panguva shure. The yepasi pemvura "Barracuda" (1949-1950) inoratidza nzvimbo zvikuru kubudirira.

Nuclear US Ngarava dzepasi pemvura veMubatanidzwa vanosungirwa wengarava injiniya, Rear Admiral Hyman George Rickover (1900-1986).

Zvichitevera mutyairi chirongwa kwaiva USS Seawolf (SSN-575), uyewo yakabudiswa mune chete kopi muna 1957. Yaiva reactor mura simbi sezvo coolant rokutanga loop reactor.

Wokutanga kugadzirwa yenyukireya

A dzakatevedzana Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvina yakavakwa muna 1956-1957, - "kuita mutserendende muchando» (USS kuita mutserendende muchando). Vaiva chikamu US muchiuto uye zvakanyorwa kure mukunopera 80-ies wekupedzisira remakore.

A dzakatevedzana nezvikepe matanhatu - «Skipjack» (1959). Kusvikira muna 1964, izvi ndizvo kupfuura akatevedzana. Boats aiva "albakorovskuyu" muviri chimiro uye inonyanya mwero kusvikira munhevedzano "Los Angeles".

Panguva iyoyowo (1959-1961) akatanga akatevedzana unyanzvi zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura iri nhamba shanu - ". Dzhordzh Vashington" Ichi ndicho chokutanga ballistic chikepe chirongwa. chikepe neimwe yakanga 16 silos kuti zvombo Polaris A-1. kupfura Kururama yakawedzera hygroscopic pakudzikamisa, kashanu kunoderedza amplitude ari kudzika 50 mamita.

Izvi zvakateverwa zvaMambo zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura iri chiitiko chimwe chinhu experimental dzinotevedzana Triton, Halibut, Tullibe. vagadziri American vaedza uye vakakwana ezvinhu wekushandisa uye simba enyika.

A guru yakatevedzana zvikepe multipurpose, achitsiva Skipjack, inoumbwa 14 zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Treaher.Poslednyaya akanga decommissioned muna 1996.

Series Benjamin Franklin - Ngarava dzepasi pemvura SSBNs "Lafayette". Pakutanga vakanga vakapakata ballistic zvombo. Munguva 70s rearmed ne zvombo "Poseidon" uye zvadaro "Trident-1." Gumi zvikepe Series Benjamin Franklin vakabatana rengarava inokosha Ngarava dzepasi pemvura iri Kuma1960, inonzi "41 pamusoro wavarindi rusununguko." Zvikepe zvose zvikepe vainzi pashure manhamba munhoroondo American.

The Kudeuka dzino - USS Sturgeon - multipurpose yenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura rinosanganisira 37 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, akasikwa nguva 1871 kusvika 1987. A nevamwe chinhu - pasi ruzha pamwero uye sensors kuti chando kufamba nechikepe.

Boats kushumira US Navy

Kubva 1976 kusvika 1996, yokusimbisa kuti Navy akaita multipurpose Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kutaipa Los Angeles. Total zvakaunza 62 zvikepe dzino, ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru akatevedzana multi-chinangwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Chombo torpedoes uye kutwasuka launchers zvombo "Tomahawk" pamwe homing hurongwa. Nine zvikepe Los Angeles-kirasi akatora mugove ari Gulf War. Reactors GE PWR S6G 26 MW yakataurwa "General Magetsi". Zviri dzino anotanga tsika mazita mazita magwa maguta America. Nhasi, sezvo chikamu US Navy 40 zvikepe dzeboka iri ndivo yetsiva basa.

A nhevedzano inokosha zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, yakabudiswa kubva 1881 kusvika 1997, inoumbwa 18 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura pamwe ballistic zvombo mungarava - dzakatevedzana "Ohio". The yepasi pemvura iri aine dzino 24 intercontinental ballistic zvombo nenhungamiro nomumwe. Kudzivirira, izvo vakanga vana Avangard sepombi. "Ohio" - the yepasi pemvura, inova hwaro tsamwisa ehondo US Navy, 60% nguva akanga pagungwa.

Ichangobva chirongwa zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura parudzi rwechitatu multi-chinangwa "Seawolf" (1998-1999). Izvi ndizvo zvakavanzika chirongwa of US Navy. Akanzi "hwakavandudzwa Los Angeles" kwenguva zvikuru chinyararire. Akazviratidza uye akanyangarika asinei radars. Reason - ruzha insulating chaiyo unhani, kukundikana sikuruu muchifarira ndege injini mhando uye yakafara pakatanga ruzha sensors. Inotungamirwa kumhanya 20 nokusunungura mapfundo, zvichiita ruzha chete se "Los Angeles", inomira pamusoro wepachiteshi chacho ainzi. zvikepe zvose dzino nhatu "Seawolf", "CT" uye "Dzhimmi Karter". The yokupedzisira yakanga basa muna 2005, uye kuti igwa ichi anodzora terminator iri nguva wepaterevhizheni wechipiri "Terminator:. The Sarah Connor Chronicles" Izvi kamwe zvakare anosimbisa tarenda hunhu izvi magwa maviri chitarisiko uye kugutsikana. "Dzhimmi Karter" inonziwo "nzou chena" pakati subs nokuda kwayo saizi (kureba chikepe vatinonamata 30 mamita). Uye maererano zvachiri , yepasi pemvura ichi inogona kunzi kare Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Underwater tsva chizvarwa magwa

US Navy kuti ramangwana pemvura shipbuilding vakatanga 2000 makore uye yakabatana boka idzva USS Virginia kirasi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. chikepe yokutanga mukirasi iyi SSN-744 raparurwa ndokuiswa kushanda muna 2003.

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura of US Navy ichi mhando anonzi rezvombo simba zvombo zvokushandisa, uye "aiona yakanaka", nokuti chinonetsa uye anenge kutsinga dzinouya nehurongwa nokusingaperi yakaiswa pamusoro Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Driving pamusoro nekaupenyu kudzika mvura inopa mabhomba injini ine reactor yenyukireya, icho chakavanzika urongwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti reactor akagadzirirwa kwoupenyu hwose kwemakore 30. Padanho ruzha ipfupi kuburikidza hurongwa oga makamuri uye ano pamasikiro simba chinogumbura ne "varege" unhani.

General waivako unhu USS Virginia zvikepe mukirasi, izvo nhasi basa gumi nenhatu:

• zvazvingava anosvika 34 change (64 km / h);
• kutiva kudzika anosvika 448 metres;
• kubvira 100 kusvika 120 nhengo vashandi;
• Pamusoro misha - matani 7.8;
• kureba 200 metres uye wakafara makubhiti anenge 10 metres;
• Nuclear simba chirimwa mhando GE S9G.

In yose, dzinoti inopa kusunungurwa 28 yepasi pemvura "Virginia" pamwe zvishoma nezvishoma Kutsiviwa kwemari Navy kuti zvombo ari wechina chizvarwa nezvikepe.

Boat Mishel Obamy

Muna August gore rakapera panguva uto shipyard muna Groton (CT) paakatumwa 13-kirasi yepasi pemvura USS Virginia pamwe Hull nhamba SSN -786 uye zita "Illinois» (Illinois). Akaritumidza zita rokukudza zvizvarwa mamiriro aitanga mudzimai Mishel Obamy, uyo akatora mugove nezvekutanga naye October 2015. The initials wokutanga mudzimai, maererano netsika, vari ndokutsika pamusoro rimwe zvikamu yepasi pemvura.

Nuclear yepasi pemvura "Illinois" 115 metres refu uye 130 nhengo vashandi mungarava vakapakata unmanned pemvura motokari kuti vasabatwa yangu, suo nokuti vamwe uye zvimwe mamwe michina. Chinangwa yepasi pemvura achiitisa kumahombekombe uye yakadzika-gungwa kushandiswa.

Panzvimbo zvetsika chikepe periscope telescopic hurongwa unoshanda ane TV kamera, mumwe Laser Switch michini rucherechedzo.

Firepower magwa: 2 kugadzwa wokurarama mhando 6 uye 12 wehunyambiri kanda rwendo zvombo "Tomahawk" uye 4 Avangard sepombi uye 26 torpedoes.

The zvachose Mari dzesub - $ 2.7 billion.

Yokuva pasi pemvura chivakwa uto

The epamusoro panhengo US Navy vakasimbirira zvishoma nezvishoma yaitsiva Diesel-mafuta yepasi pemvura magwa, vane chinenge hapana rairambidzwa mufambiro remapazi nemauto - pamwe propulsion yenyukireya. chizvarwa chechina yepasi pemvura yenyukireya "Virginia" inopa kusunungurwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura 28 vekirasi ichi. The zvishoma nezvishoma Kutsiviwa kwemari zvombo ari wengarava mauto ari wechina chizvarwa zvikepe kuchawedzera Rating uye kurwa kugona of US Army.

Asi kugadzirwa mahofisi uchishanda uye kupa zvirongwa zvavo zvehondo.

Kumhara Ngarava dzepasi pemvura American

Kuvanza kumhara mauto ari mundima muvengi - ndiko chinangwa zvose Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika kushandiswa. Mushure Second World War, yakadaro kwezvinhu zvingangoitika America akaonekwa. Bureau of Shipbuilding (Bureau of Ngarava) akagashira akarayira kuti Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika yepasi pemvura. Projects aonekwa, asi kumhara mauto akanga asina mari, uye zvikepe haasi kufarira pfungwa.

Kubva zvakakomba muchifunga zvirongwa zvinosanganisira Seaforth Group wekambani chirongwa, yakabuda 1988. Engineered navo achiwana yepasi pemvura S-60 kunosanganisira anoburukira mumvura nechokure 50 chete kubva kumahombekombe, kunyudza kuti kudzika 5 mamita. Aine nokumhanya 5 nokusunungura mapfundo pemvura aricheke rinosvika yegungwa kuenda neherikoputa kana nyika 60 retractable mabhiriji kure 100 metres kubva kumahombekombe. Kunyange zvazvo basa racho hapana akatenga.

Kuvimbwa, nguva-akaedzwa

The mukuru yepasi pemvura munyika, iyo kusvikira zuva rino mubasa - imwe yepasi pemvura "SS 791 Bala Hai Shih" ( «Sea Lion"), mumwe chikamu dzeTaiwan Navy. American yepasi pemvura muHondo Yenyika II, akavaka panguva shipyard Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, muna 1945, akawedzera uto yepasi pemvura iri US Navy. Iye ane kurwa chirongwa muna August 1945 muna Pacific Ocean. Mushure upgrades anoverengeka, muna 1973 iye akachinjirwa Taiwan uye China rava kushanda chikepe chokutanga.

Muna January 2017, muchina wokudhinda akashuma kuti mumwedzi 18 vakaronga Nokuraramisa pa shipyards Shipbuilding Corporation Taiwan International Shipbuilding Corporation «gungwa shumba" achabatwa wemauto kugadzira uye yaitsiva kufamba mugungwa michina. mabasa awa achatambanudza kuti yepasi pemvura upenyu basa kusvikira 2026.

Veteran US yepasi pemvura kugadzirwa, mumwe mhando, anoronga kupemberera masere rokuzvarwa vakagadzirira kurwa.

Zvikuru inosuruvarisa zvinhu

Open uye yakajeka Nhamba pamusoro vanotambura uye tsaona dziri yepasi pemvura rengarava kuUnited States haadaro. Zvisinei, zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro Russia. zvinhu avo vakaitwa pachena, zvichakurukurwa muchitsauko chino.

Muna 1963 maviri zuva bvunzo chirongwa yakaguma rufu American yepasi pemvura "Thresher". The pamutemo kukonzera tsaona - aibuda mvura pasi Hull muchikepe. Muffled kuita chinhu yepasi pemvura reactor, uye iye akaenda kudzama, achitora upenyu 112 nhengo vashandi uye 17 zvavo. Ngwanda munhu yepasi pemvura ari kudzika 2560 mamita. Izvi muzvigadzirwa tsaona renyukireya yepasi pemvura yokutanga.

Muna 1968, muAtlantic Ocean akanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa multi-chinangwa yepasi pemvura yenyukireya "chinyavada» (USS chinyavada). The pamutemo shanduro rufu - the detonation kuti zvombo. Asi chakavanzika chinoramba haanzwisisiki nhasi, rufu mudziyo uyu. Muna 2015, US Navy murwi yave zvakare nyaya hurumende kuumba basa kuongorora chiitiko, kujekesa nhamba yevanhu uye vaone mamiriro avo.

Muna 1969, pebhanhire kunyura ari yepasi pemvura USS Guitarro vakatakura nhamba 665. Zvino wepachiteshi chacho ainzi pamadziro uye ari kudzika 10 mamita. Kushaikwa Kufambisa uye kuregeredza nyanzvi mune calibration zviridzwa kwakakonzera mafashamo. Waigona uye kudzorera zvikepe zvakaurayisa American taxpayer vanenge mamiriyoni 20 emadhora.

Boat kirasi "Los Angeles", vakatora chikamu mune filming kuti "Kuvhima Red October", May 14, 1989 pedyo nemhenderekedzo California, muropa imwe waya unobva Tug uye chikepe. Chikepe akatakurwa svetuka tightening kuti kweva. Veukama ane nhengo tugboat rikarira vakafa zuva iroro, vakagamuchira muripo kubva Navy iri uwandu $ mamiriyoni 1,4.