History of Azerbaijan kubvira makarekare kusvika chipo

Azerbaijan - imwe nyika iri kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva eCaucasus. anokosha uye dzinonakidza zviitiko zvakawanda kuitika munyika idzi. Uye vazhinji vavo, tinogona kutaurira nyaya. Azerbaijan vachaonekwa kare sezvazviri, pachena zvakavanzika zvake zvekare.

Location Azerbaijan

The Republic of Azerbaijan iri mu kumabvazuva South eCaucasus. Kubva pamuganhu kuchamhembe Azerbaijan ane neVadzidzi Russian Federation. In rwezasi nyika miganhu Iran kumavirira - pamwe kuArmenia, iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero - pamwe Georgia. Kubva kumabvazuva munyika yasukwa nemafungu kweGungwa reCaspian.

Grounds Azerbaijan substantially zvakafanana kumiririrwa makomo uye mapani. Izvi wakaita basa rinokosha munhoroondo kukura munyika.

chinyakare nguva

Chekutanga kudzidza pamusoro kupfuura kare, umo anotibvumira kuongorora nyaya. Azerbaijan rave richigarwa kubva pakuvapo kwevanhu. Nokudaro, shongwe tsvene vekare Neanderthal kugara munyika yakatanga makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 1,5 akapfuura.

The Nzvimbo inokosha vekare munhu akawanikwa Azikh uye Tağlar Cave.

Azerbaijan yekare

Wokutanga wehurumende, riri pamusoro munharaunda Azerbaijan aiva Manna. centre Its yaiva mukati miganhu yazvino Iranian Azerbaijan.

The zita "Azerbaijan" zvinobva zita Atropates - gavhuna, uyo akatanga kutonga muna Manna namarudzi kukunda wePezhia. In rukudzo kwaari yose nyika yainzi Midia Atropatena kuti gare gare morphed kupinda zita "Azerbaijan".

Mumwe okutanga vanhu vakanga vagere Azerbaijan, vaiva vokuAlbania. boka iri kwemadzinza vaiva Nakh-Dagestani mhuri mitauro uye akanga akafanana ano Lezghins pedyo. In I zviuru. BC dzakabuda vokuAlbania yavo mamiriro. Kusiyana Manna, yakanga iri kuchamhembe kwenyika. Caucasian Albania vari kuramba pachena kuti dzinodya dzimwe vavariro vekare Rome, Byzantium, kuPatiya uye Iran. Vamwe nguva pamusoro guru nzvimbo munyika akakwanisa kusimbisa kuti Armenian Mambo Tigran II.

The IV c. n. e. Albanian ndima, iyo kusvikira panguva yakanga dzaitongwa chitendero omunharaunda uye cheZoroastrianism, chiKristu rakabva Armenia.

The kukunda Arab

Mune VII. n. e. chiitiko chakaitika, iyo vakaita mutsindo basa munhoroondo yacho. Tiri kutaura dzechiArabhu kukunda. Pakutanga, navaArabhu akakunda Iranian umambo, iyo Albania aiva muranda, uye ipapo yakatanga kudenhwa Azerbaijan pachayo. Mushure navaArabhu akakunda nyika, akaita chinhu chitsva kumativi nhoroondo yacho. Azerbaijan ava nokusingaperi zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe Islam. MaArab, kusanganisira vaya vari Caliphate vakatanga kutakura panze humwe hurongwa wokuti Islamization yacho nharaunda uye nokukurumidza kubudirira pazvinangwa zvavo. maguta wokumaodzanyemba Azerbaijan kunyanya ndavhiyiwa Islamization, uye ipapo chitendero chitsva rakapinda mumaruwa uye nechokuchamhembe kwenyika.

Asi kwete saka nyore peta kune Arab rokutarisira kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva eCaucasus. The 816 gore Azerbaijan akatanga kumukira kunangana maArab Islam. Akatungamirira iyi yakakurumbira kufamba Babak, uyo vakanamatira yekare Zoroastrianism chitendero. Rutsigiro chikuru kumukirawo vaiva nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vanhuwo zvavo. Nokuti anopfuura makore makumi maviri, vanhu vanotungamirirwa Babak akarwa Arab zviremera. Vapanduki kunyange vakakwanisa kudzinga Arab mapoka avarwi kubva munharaunda Azerbaijan. Kudzvinyirira nokupanduka, kuti Caliphate aifanira kusimbisa mauto avo.

State Shirvanshahs

Pasinei nokuti yemuna akarwadziwa, kuti Caliphate simba pamwe roga gore. Akanga asisina simba, sapakutanga, kudzora mativi akasiyana-siyana eumambo hwacho.

Magavhuna nechekuchamhembe Azerbaijan (Shirvan), sezvo makore 861, pakuzivikanwa se Shirvanshahs nekufambisa simba ravo kubudikidza nhaka. Dzinonzi omurume wacho caliph, asi chaizvoizvo zvakazara akazvimirira vatongi. Nokufamba kwenguva, kunyange mumwe aizviti kuyanzva yakanyangarika.

Shirvanshakhs kwakasvika pakutanga Shamakhi, Baku uye ipapo. Hurumende yakatora kusvikira 1538, apo yakanga wakazopinzwa kwePersian Safavid mamiriro.

Panguva iyoyo kumaodzanyemba kwenyika paiva rave anotevedzana Sajids mamiriro, Salaris, Shaddadis, Ravvadids, idzo zvakare kana havazivi simba Caliphate zvachose, kana akaita izvozvo chete pamutemo.

Turkization Azerbaijan

No zvisinganyanyi kukosha kuti nyaya kupfuura Islamization yacho mudunhu anokonzerwa Arab kukunda, zvakanga Turkization nokuda nechisimba marudzi siyana Turkic anongofamba. Asi, mukusiyana kuna Islamization muitiro akatambanudza kwemazana emakore anoverengeka. Kukosha chiitiko ichi zvinhu zvinoverengeka kuti munguva mutauro Azerbaijan ano uye tsika ano vakawanda munyika ine Turkic mavambo.

The nefungu Turkish nechisimba wokutanga aiva nechisimba Seljuk Oguz marudzi kubva Central Asia, iyo kwakaitika XI remakore. It Akaperekedzwa kuparadzwa makuru uye kuparadzwa vomunzvimbo. Vakawanda vaigara Azerbaijan kutiza, vakatizira kumakomo. Naizvozvo, ndicho makomo venyika vakatambura mudukusa Turkization. Pano rave chitendero raiva chiKristu, uye vanhu Azerbaijan zvakasiyanasiyana pamwe vaigara munharaunda mugomo vokuArmenia. Panguva iyoyowo, yasara munzvimbo dzavo, vagari hwakakanyiwa Turkic vakundi vakatora pamusoro mutauro wavo uye tsika, asi panguva imwe chete kuchengetedza netsika nhaka yamadzibaba avo. Kunobva vaiitawo iyi dzinza yakazozivikanwa seshanduro Azeris mune ramangwana.

Pashure pokuwa vasina kuroora zviri Seljuks munharaunda South Azerbaijan yaitongwa Ildegezidov pamusoro Turkish mavambo, uye ipapo zvishoma vakabata idzi Khwarizmshahs.

In yokutanga yezana XIII remakore, kuCaucasus akanga pasi Mongol nechisimba. Azerbaijan waibatanidzwa mamiriro Hulaguid Mongol chigaro icharwirwa vemazuva ano Iran.

Pashure pokuwa imba youmambo muna 1355 Hulaguid, Azerbaijan kwenguva pfupi nguva yava chikamu mamiriro Tamerlane, uye ipapo inova chikamu paruzhinji masangano Oguz marudzi Kara Koyunlu uye AK Koyunlu. Zvaive munguva iyi ndeyekupedzisira paumbwe Azerbaijani rudzi.

Azerbaijan ndiyo chikamu Iran

Pashure pokuwa ehurumende AK Koyunlu, muna 1501, musi munharaunda Iran uye kumaodzanyemba Azerbaijan aumbwa simba Safavid mamiriro pamwe nechepakati mu Harare. Gare gare guru hwakatamisirwa Omani kuguta Qazvin uye Isfahan.

Safavid mamiriro ane zvose unhu uhwu. Zvikurukuru mikukutu kutamburira dzakarwiwa Safavids kumavirira pamwe kukura simba hweOttoman Empire, kusanganisira kuCaucasus.

Muna 1538, ivo Safavids vakakwanisa kukunda mamiriro Shirvanshahs. Saka, pasi simba ravo rakanga nharaunda yose Azerbaijan ano. Iran ave vakaramba kutonga nyika uye zvinotevera Dynasties - Hotak, Afsharid imba uye Zand. Muna 1795, Iran kuti Qajar chigaro akatonga Turkic mavambo.

Nepo Azerbaijan watopiwa rakakamurwa khanates zhinji duku, zvaiva omurume musimboti Zimbabwe hurumende.

Kukunda Azerbaijan nokuda Russian Empire

The kuedza kutanga kuumba Russian kudzora mundima Azerbaijan vakaitwa pasi Peter I. Asi apo kukurudzira wokuRussia Empire kuCaucasus haana vakabudirira zvikuru.

Zvinhu zvakachinja zvinoshamisa yokutanga yezana XIX remakore. Nokufamba maviri hondo Russian-Persian, kubvira 1804 kusvika 1828, kubva Russian Empire akanga yakatora anenge nharaunda yose Azerbaijan ano.

Rakanga mumwe pakona pfungwa, kuti rakazara nenhoroondo. Azerbaijan kubvira ipapo yave refu chokuita Russia nguva. Zviri kwekanguva vari Russian Empire ndiwo mavambo oiri kuAzerbaijan uye kukura indasitiri.

Azerbaijan muna USSR

Mushure October Revolution, pane zvave Centrifugal miitiro dzakasiyana kumatunhu aimbova Empire Russian. Muna May 1918, yakazvimirira Azerbaijan Democratic Republic yakatangwa. Asi wechiduku vaisagona kurarama mune hondo pamwe Bolsheviks, kusanganisira nokuda pezviri kuzvipokanidza. Muna 1920 nayo yakaguma.

Bolsheviks rakavambwa Azerbaijan SSR. Pakutanga zvakanga chikamu Transcaucasian Federation, asi muna 1936 vakava zvakazara vezera sangano iri USSR. Guta guru mamiriro dzidzo raiva guta Baku. Panguva iyi, ndichibvunza kukura uye mamwe maguta Azerbaijan.

Asi muna 1991, kuparara Soviet Union akatora nzvimbo. Nezvokumutswa chiitiko ichi chete Azerbaijan SSR havasisipo.

Azerbaijan ano

Independent Hurumende yakazozivikanwa seshanduro Republic of Azerbaijan. Purezidhendi wokutanga kuAzerbaijan - ayaz Mutalibov, aichimbova vaimbova munyori Republican Committee of Communist Party wokutanga. Shure kwake, rave dzatora nzvimbo musoro wehurumende Abulfaz Elchibey uye Heydar Aliyev. Pari Mutungamiri Azerbaijan - mwanakomana ekupedzisira wacho, Ilham Aliyev. Aifungidzira nezvenzvimbo 2003.

Zvikuru chenjera dambudziko kuAzerbaijan ano - ndiye Karabakh kurwisana, iro rakatanga kare pakuguma Soviet Union. Nokufamba ropa nebope pakati hurumende mauto Azerbaijan nevagari Karabakh, nokutsigira muArmenia, ari harimboonekwi Republic of Artsakh yakatangwa. Azerbaijan anoona nharaunda yavo, saka hondo kunoramba kuri kutsva.

Zvisinei, zvakaoma haana kuziva Kubudirira kwakaita Azerbaijan mukuvaka yakazvimirira mamiriro. Kana mune ramangwana mberi izvi zvichakurukurwa kukudziridzwa, kubudirira nyika uchava semhedzisiro nevakariri kuedza hurumende uye vanhu.