Locarno Conference muna 1925: huru zvinangwa, vechikamu results. Rhine chibvumirano

Locarno musangano waiva chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nedzenyu zviitiko munhoroondo Western. Kudivi rimwe, izvozvo enshrines Nezvagara Zviripo hwakagadzwa mushure kusaina yorugare kuti anotsanangurwa pashure pehondo Europe mudziyo, uye pane dzimwe - yave yekudyidzana achinja nzvimbo mapato vaivepo mairi uye akasaina mukufamba basa rayo wandei zvibvumirano.

Mamiriro ezvinhu Germany

Locarno musangano wakaitwa somugumisiro chido tiite nyika dzokumadokero kusvika chibvumirano pane dzinoverengeka negakava ndima, nemiganhu, zvokutengeserana uye nezvombo pashure kuguma World War First. Mamiriro pamusoro kondinendi rokutanga gumi chaiva nerongo, pasinei nokuti dzairwisana mapato vauye chibvumirano uye akamisa itsva hurongwa enyika. Germany, waiva pakati vakundwa, akanga ari akaoma zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu.

Country zvachose zvombo, yakarambidza upfumi uye kutengeserana, ari demilitarized Rhineland. Under izvi mamiriro revanchist mwoyo munyika yakanga yakasimba zvakakwana: yacho nationalist mauto enyika akaramba pamusoro amboshandurirwa Versailles runyararo ezvinhu uye kushaya ari mamiriro kubva pamuromo nzvimbo iyo akaonekwa. Kamwe chaizvoizvo ari dzakawanda voga pakati Germany vakaenda rapprochement pamwe Soviet Union, akagumisa nemashoko Bolshevik utungamiriri Chibvumirano Rapallo. chibvumirano ndakadzidzawo kuva kunobatsira kumapati vose panguva iyoyo, nokuti inoti izvi zvakaoma vakanakidzwa kuzivikanwa pamusoro renyika uye saka vanoda mumwe.

Mamiriro ezvinhu Europe

Locarno musangano wakaitwa kuvafarira uye mamwe masimba dzokuMadokero. Britain aifarira mukusika aikwikwidza ake akare, France, vamwe aenzanise kuti yakaoma. Chokwadi kuti pashure pehondo ekupedzisira, sendarama nedambudziko bato, kuwana mamwe makomborero, uye akanga ane zvinobetsera nzvimbo zvichienzaniswa vavakidzani vayo. The chaMarudzi ndiyo hurumende inogarwa aitungamirira chinzvimbo, vakakoniwa kunokanganisa dzimwe hurumende European.

chibatiso nyaya

France, Italy vakatevera zvido yakasiyana mhando. The kungofunga nezvekuparadzwa kuchengeteka pamiganhu yavo. Nharaunda State ichi, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, vakawanda zvose takarwara kurwiswa German munguva yehondo. Zvino aida kuramba Nezvagara Zviripo. Hurumende Italian rakanzwa dzinotyorwa kubudikidza pakagadzwa itsva kurongeka, uye yavanopedza vari mubasa nedzenyu misangano vakawedzera ayo rudado dzakawanda. Poland uye Germany, Chaizvoizvo, vaiva pakatarisana mumisasa. Wekutanga kutsvaka nechokwadi kuitira kuchengetedzwa kumuganhu wayo wokumabvazuva, uye hurumende German Kusiyana neizvi, haana kudzivirira kurwisana nezvombo.

zvinangwa

Zvisinei, pasinei waivapo musiyano iri kusvika, zvose vechikamu vanenge vakabatanidzwa chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana: zviri Anti-Soviet. Vatungamiriri vakawanda European tainetseka kusaina chesungano pakati Bolshevik utungamiriri uye hurumende German. Locarno musangano akanga zvikuru chinangwa kusanganisira Germany muna noukama European uye zvichida kuita kusanzwana ukama hwake vakuru veSoviet. Zvisinei, German Minister Foreign nounyanzvi vaifambisa pakati maviri vamiriri European, vachitsvaka kudzidza kubva izvi zvinobatsira mukurusa. Haana kuda kutyora zvakajeka nehurumende yeSoviet, asi panguva iyoyo vakatsvaka kutsvaga kutsigira nyika dzokuEurope, kuitira kuti kugarwa zvoupfumi uye uto mamiriro ezvinhu ari mamiriro. Chinangwa chikuru reEurope bloc yakanga nekuvhura Germany kupinda chaMarudzi kubatanidza kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akadai kuti ndiribvise pamberi pamwe nyika yedu.

Nhaurirano

Basa kwakaitika kubvira 5 kusvika 16 Gumiguru. The mhemberero yakanga wakapindwa anotevera States: United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy uye Germany. hurumende German asati kudare mashoko maviri nezviremera European, izvo zvaifanira rokuverenga musangano. Yokutanga chinhu waiva mubvunzo murefu chaizvo uye nharo mhosvawo kutanga hondo. Hurumende German vakasimbirira kuti dzakawanda akabvisa mashoko kuti German vanhu anokonzera hondo, kukakavadzana panguva imwecheteyo, kwaiva nedzimwe vechikamu uye vane chekuita. Nyaya yechipiri yakanga dambudziko kubvisa pakati Cologne, asi zvaaifanira utungamiriri German akarambidzwa.

Dzidziso Anti-Soviet

Poland uye Germany, chaizvoizvo, akatendeuka kuva nani kwakaoma, nzvimbo: kutanga - nokuti iye akatadza kuwana chivimbiso chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa kuchengetedza kumuganhu wayo wokumabvazuva, uye wechipiri - nemhaka yokuti vaifanira kuita pakati rwemberi. Akabvunza kugamuchirwa yake okuti Chikamu 16 League of Nations Charter, izvo zvakapa kuti Implementation kuti basa matanho pamusoro kurwisa nyika, kukanganisa runyararo. Under infringer Izvi USSR zvakajeka. Utungamiriri German vakanga kana kubatanidzwa zvakananga ruvengo, kana kuti kupfuura mauto nomunharaunda yacho, kana, pakupedzisira, kubatana upfumi blockade. Achipindura, gurukota Foreign Affairs iyoyo nyika yakati iye, kuva demilitarized, zveupfumi vanotambudzika, havazokwanisi kuti zvakazara kushandisa wazvipira. Achipindura, vashumiri vaiti pasi ezvinhu aripo hurumende inogona kuva yakazara bato.

The miganhu nyaya

Miganhu nyika dzokuEurope zvave pfungwa iri kubatanidzwa nyika. Panguva French uye zveBelgium nenhume vakakwanisa kuita vakachengeteka pamiganhu yavo okumabvazuva uye rubatso vaiva British uye vokuItaly hurumende. Zvisinei, hurumende Polish akatadza kuzadzisa budiriro chete: kunyange wakapinda chibvumirano utungamiriri German, asi inopikira haana kubudirira. Somugumisiro, nyika yakanga yakaoma zvikuru, mamiriro ezvinhu, sezvo vaifanira kutya nokuda kwavo kuvimbika miganhu. France, Italy pazvisina kurera musangano pakati budiriro ayo. Nzvimbo yokutanga dzakazungunuka zvikuru pashure kudivi reGermany kuitawo zvakafanana mune Nhaurirano, uye ipapo wakatangwa kupinda chaMarudzi uye akava nhengo yayo Permanent Council. The Italian nhume vytupila chete rubatso rimwe zvibvumirano. Rhine akasaina chibvumirano anogona kunzi mumwe rinonyatsooneka zvibvumirano, nekuti, Kuwedzera runovimbisa inviolability rechiFrench uye zveBelgium miganhu, chokwadi iye akasimbisa dimilitarizatsii eponymous bhendi.

zvabuda

The Conference yave yekudyidzana achinja pakuenzanisa simba pamusoro kondinendi European. In-zvikurukuru nedambudziko nzvimbo Germany, iyo yabudirira zvinokosha zvichemo pachavo. Iye vakabuda mamiriro dzakawanda nevamwe uye waitsigira ari kwakadzama sechinhu pati vakaenzana. Chechipiri, nzvimbo French yakavhiringidzwa. Great Britain yabudirira chinangwa rayo nokushora simba idzva kwaari. Locarno Conference muna 1925 uye ahwo, pasinei Anti-Soviet, zvakadaro chakamboti akagadzikana zvinhu, asi pekusadziviririka imwe hondo itsva kwakaoneka.