Gumboldt Vilgelm: Biography uye mabasa

Wilhelm Von Humboldt yaiva simba pamusoro pokumuka uye tsika mabhuku. Mabasa ake kuramba kupesvedzera nyanzvi nevafungi. Ose munhu akadzidza ari vakazvipira ukanyatsoongorora basa kuti akanyora panguva Gumboldt Vilgelm. pfungwa dzake uye mhedziso vachiri kushanda kuti panguva XX uye XXI emakore. Nokuti kunzwisisa pfungwa yake zvakafanira yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora Biography yake, tsvaka inova nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro Vilgelm Gumboldt, kwaaishanda, ane ushamwari aiva rinokosha simba pamusoro pake.

mavambo

Wilhelm Von Humboldt, uyewo ake zvakafanana unyanzvi munin'ina, Alexander, akabva mumhuri anokudzwa uye akapfuma, ine zvinokosha kwaniso uye mari. Ivo vaiva, kusanganisira yakakurumbira Castle Tegel muBerlin.

Gumboldt Vilgelm akaberekwa musi June 22, 1767 mu Potsdam. baba vake, Alexander Georg, vakaburuka Prussian bourgeoisie. sekuru vake aiva wamambo nekuvongwa dzavo dhigirii zvechiuto. Amai, Baroness Elizabeth of Golvede ane French midzi. Kudzvinyirirwa Huguenots muFrance akamanikidza mhuri yake kusiya misha yavo uye kutamira Germany, muBerlin. Apo Alexander Georg paakasvika muBerlin pashure oga ake, akasangana mudzimai wake ramangwana. Vaiva vanakomana vaviri - Alexander uye Wilhelm.

inotungamirwa

mhuri Humboldt akaponesa hapana pfuma nokuda dzidzo yevana vavo. Pazera 20 Vilgelm Gumboldt anopinda yunivhesiti muFrankfurt imwe in Oder, uye akatanga kuteerera hurukuro pamusoro philology uye nhoroondo paUniversity Göttingen kubva 1788. Kubva 27 kusvika 30 makore, aigara Jena, paakange aita shamwari dzakawanda, vari anozivikanwa vazivi nevafungi. Pakati pavo zvinokosha kuziva mazita Schiller uye Goethe. Zvadaro, akaenda Paris kudzidza tsika French - nokuti inoyerera zvishoma uye ropa French. Zvisinei, akapedza nguva yakawanda vanofambira kumativi Spain uye Basque nharaunda.

nyanzvi basa

Gumboldt Vilgelm aiva zvinokosha munhoroondo yezvematongetwo pamusoro Prussia. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana kubvira 1801 kusvika 1819, achisimudzira zvinokosha hurumende mbiru, akanga plenipotentiary nhume kuVienna, Vatican, Paris, Prague. Panguva yaaiva Minister of Religion uye Education, akakwanisa kuita hombe-pamwero kuchinja dzidzo yechipiri uye yepamusoro muna Prussia. pfungwa Humboldt kuti vauye chikoro chepuraimari kubva pasi simba vezvitendero uye kuti sangano yakazvimirira rokudzidzisa.

Muna 1809 akatanga University of Berlin. Zvino chikoro ichi anonzi pashure Humboldt. Maiva muBerlin aigara uye aishanda Vilgelm Gumboldt, ane Biography ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe rimwe remaguta zvikuru muGermany.

Humboldt haana kugumira ipapo. dhigirii ake pachena uye panguva yakakurumbira Congress of Vienna, izvo inorondedzerwa idzva chairema European pashure kuwa Napoleon simba. Kusvikira 1819, Vilgelm Gumboldt aiva Wenyika simba uyo aimbotaurawo mukuita sarudzo inokosha nokuda nyika. Iye anomiririra nyika iri dzakawanda munhandare uye pachimwe kukuru mundima iyi.

zvinhu

Excellent dzidzo nepfuma mhuri yake akabvumira William kupinda mudenderedzwa vakakurumbira masayendisiti uye vazivi nguva yake. Kuwedzera kune nyanzvi kufarira zvematongerwo enyika, of Humboldt aigara kufarira Humanism uye pfungwa dzake. Somuenzaniso, mune 1790h makore akanyora basa rakanzi "Pfungwa iri kuedza kuona miganhu wehurumende chiito," izvo anovandudza pfungwa kwakakwana norusununguko pachake kuzorwa mamiriro. Humboldt anobudisa pfungwa yokuti huru basa ehurumende ari kuitira munyika miganhu kuvimbika, asi kupindira mumararamiro evanhu, hapana vanokodzera. The pfungwa dzinotaurwa papepa iri, vakanga itsva, kuti chigadzirwa zvakaiswa pasi kusenza, uye airambidzwa kudhinda. In chiedza zvakaitika chete pakati XIX remakore.

Izvi handizvo chete basa umo pfungwa dzake uye zvichiratidza Vilgelm Gumboldt. Zvemutauro apinda chake rimwe vavandudzi uye havaoni kuti pfungwa ano.

Nokuda noupamhi chiratidzo uye yakakwirira azvipire dzidzo Vilgelm Gumboldt kunobatanidzwa ose mabhuku Salons. Ari Kazhinji akakoka kunzwa dzake ichi kana kuti chiitiko, kuwana wongororo pamusoro kuverenga mabhuku mabasa.
Muna 1791, mudzimai wake akava Caroline of Dahereden - mumwe vakadzidza zvikuru uye vakangwara vakadzi nguva yake. Iye akabatsira uye akatsigira zvose zvaakaita Wilhelm of Humboldt. Muchato, Humboldt imba akava nzvimbo misangano yakanaka pfungwa yose Europe. Pano unogona kusangana nevanyori, uye masayendisiti, uye vazivi, uye vezvematongerwo enyika.

Chimwe chikuru zvido Wilhelm akatanga rwendo. Akafamba kumativi Europe, kazhinji kwenguva refu akasara muSwitzerland uye Rome nguva. Rakanga munzendo dzake akazadzwa nerudo uye kufarira zvikuru mitauro yokumwe uye dzimwe tsika.

urongwa

The mitauro Pfungwa Vilgelma Gumboldta akamuka ayo kunonyanyisa Clearance pashure pamudyandigere ake, uye pakupera enyika uye voruzhinji basa. Aiva yakawanda isina nguva, uye zvikazooneka kuunza pfungwa dzavo uye pfungwa mugomba chete zvokunyorwa.

The kuoma rokutanga raiva basa "Pazuva okufananidza kudzidza mitauro nokuda siyana nguva pakukura kwavo." Iye akariverenga masvingo Berlin Academy of Sciences. Uyezve rakabudiswa pepa "On mavambo zvivakamutauro siyana nezvazvinoreva pokumuka pfungwa." Mutumbi wake wakaradzikwa zvinokosha yokungotaura zvemutauro, iyo rakarondedzerwa Vilgelm Gumboldt. Zvemutauro ichiri zvakawanda anokwevera pamabasa ake, uye theorists kukurukura pfungwa dzake uye postulates.

Panewo basa mberi kuti haana kumbova nenguva kupedzisa uye kubudisa Gumboldt Vilgelm. "Musi Kawi pachitsuwa Java" ndomumwe basa rakadaro. Kuti asimbise pakawanda uye upamhi tarenda uye pfungwa muzivi ichi uye anofunga.

Its basa guru, "On musiyano maumbirwo mutauro kwevanhu uye ayo simba pamusoro pokumuka vanhu pakunamata," yakabudiswa, zvinosuwisa, paakanga afa. It Humboldt Wilhelm akaedza zvikuru muudzame kutsanangura musimboti wavo tsvakurudzo.

Akasimbisa mweya kubatana kwevanhu uye mutauro wavo. Nekuti mutauro zvinoratidza okugadzira zvinhu mutauro mumwe, zvinoratidza mweya vose vanhu.

kubudirira

Wilhelm Von Humboldt akava kwete chete rezvematongerwo enyika akakurumbira munhoroondo hurumende, asi akasiya chinokosha chiratidzo somunhu hunoshamisa musayendisiti. Akatsigira zvido nyika yake panguva iri miganhu redistribution dzeEurope, pakusika itsva kuitira nyika. Uye zvechokwadi akaita zvinobudirira. basa rake aikosheswa zvikuru mambo. Aiva nyanzvi Wenyika.

Yapera ake basa uye nokuuya rusununguko nguva mubasa kudzidza mitauro yavo kupatsanura, kupatsanurwa kufanana uye kusiyana. The pfungwa akauyawo muzvinyorwa zvake kuti dzakabudiswa. tsvakurudzo udzamu kwakanga zvokuti pfungwa yake yakanga Achishandisa sayenzi itsva - zvemutauro. Vamwe pfungwa dzake taitarisira kamwe pamakore zana uye vakanga yasimbiswa gumi gare gare. Pahwaro ake vawana paiva yoga Sayenzi ruzha iri zvemutauro - phonology.

Vakavapfigira dzidzo kuchinja yakabatsira kumbotsuguduka uchiedza kubvisa kusadzidza pakati yevagari. Zvaive munguva pachikoro chake akatanga kutora zvinhu zvaizivikanwa kwatiri. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, hapana chikoro kwava anenge vasiri aripo.

nhaka nemagariro

pamabasa Wilhelm Von Humboldt kwakaita nheyo kuti sayenzi itsva - zvemutauro, zvemutauro. Akataura zvichemo, akapa zvokudya akafungisisa vazivi vakawanda uye masayendisiti. Kusvikira zvino, nyanzvi dzemitauro Chavanoitirana nharo uye kukurukura zvakawanda ayo paMharidzo vane chinhu zvinobvumirana pamusoro chinhu nharo. Asi chokwadi ndechokuti - hazvibviri kudzidza sayenzi iyi pasina kuziva zita Vilgelma Gumboldta.

Kuwedzera mapepa kwesayenzi kuti vanongosiyiwa nevazukuru vavo Wilhelm of Humboldt pamusoro mutauro, mumwe chinokosha testamende akava yunivhesiti nheyo naye, umo kudzidza zviuru vaduku uye unyanzvi vanhu.

The ukoshi nokuti wepanguva

Wilhelm Von Humboldt kwakaita pfungwa rava yechimurenga zvemutauro. Hongu, maererano theorists vakawanda, pfungwa yesayenzi rabuda mberi, uye dzimwe pfungwa uye muvambi sayenzi iyi ndivo nderechinyakare uye vava hazvishandi. Kunyange zvakadaro, musayendisiti nomumwe kuchatibatsira chaizvo kuziva uye kunzwisisa nzira pfungwa of Humboldt pakasikwa mabasa ake.

Akapedza nguva yakawanda, systematizing uye classifying mitauro yakasiyana kuti mitauro mapoka uye vanhuwo mamiriro kana kusawirirana. Humboldt vakataura pamusoro kugara variability nevasina mutauro - sei Kuchinja pamusoro nguva kuti anokanganisa kuchinja izvi, vamwe vavo vacharamba nokusingaperi, uye riri zvishoma nezvishoma kunyangarika.

Zvirangaridzo uye sezvivako

Dzenyika akagadzawo hwakawanda Zvivako vachikudza Wilhelm of Humboldt, asi mumwe zvikuru yaiva mwena uri kuonekwa rutivi mwedzi, yainzi mushure musayendisiti mukuru.

In Berlin, shongwe vachikudza Humboldt parimwe mumigwagwa yeguta - alle bako Linden.