Izvo zvinoreva mutemo nyungudika munyikadzimu? The kumutsidzirwa tsika munyika 50-60s

Wechishanu March 1953 chiitiko chakaitika kuti zvikurumidze akachinjwa nzira nechitarisiko uye munyika nomutemo wemadzimambo USSR. Akafa Stalin. Panguva ino, utongi Hurumende nzira kunge vakaneta, saka paitonga Stalin kosi proteges nokukurumidza aitofanira kuita zvimwe zvokuchinja zvainanga optimizing upfumi uye Implementation evanhu kushanduka. nguva ino yainzi nyungudika. Izvo zvinoreva mutemo nyungudika mu nyikadzimu, chii mazita matsva akazviratidza upenyu nemagariro munyika, unogona kuverenga munyaya ino.

XX Congress of CPSU

Muna 1955, pashure pokunge yokurega pamusoro Malenkov anova mutungamiri Soviet Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. Muna February 1956, panguva Twentieth Party Congress, akaitwa kutaura yake yakakurumbira pamusoro kunamatwa unhu. Pashure paizvozvo, mutungamiriri mutsva simba kwakasimbiswa chaizvo, pasinei kushora Stalin kuti evatsigiri.

XX Congress wakatanga kurwisa-siyana reformatory abatsire nyika yedu, unoponesa muitiro nemagariro kutendeuka munzanga. Izvo zvinoreva mutemo nyungudika mune zvokunamata uye mabhuku upenyu vanhu, vanogona kudzidza kubva mumabhuku matsva enganonyorwa inobudiswa panguva.

Policy nyungudika mumabhuku

Muna 1957 anoenda kumwe bhuku yakakurumbira mabasa Pasternak kuti "Doctor Zhivago". Pasinei chokwadi kuti basa iri rakanga rarambidzwa, vanopedza circulations kukuru samizdatnyh makopi akaita pamusoro kare matapureta. The zvinoitirwa vaitirwa mabasa M. Bulgakov, Grossman nevamwe vanyori nguva.

Achiratidza ndiyo bhuku yakakurumbira mabasa Solzhenitsyn kuti "Rimwe Day muna Ivana Denisovicha." Story, iyo inorondedzera anotyisa paitonga Stalin mumisasa mevhiki, muongorori mukuru Suslov vakaramba pakarepo. Asi mupepeti magazini "World Itsva" akakwanisa kuratidza nyaya Solzhenitsyn pachake N. S. Hruschevu, pashure yakapiwa mvumo kubudisa.

Works nokufumura repressions Stalin raMwari, anowana muverengi kwayo.

Mukana kuunza pfungwa dzavo kuti vaverengi kubudisa basa ravo pasinei kusenza uye zviremera - kuti nyungudika mutemo kwaireva munyikadzimu uye mabhuku nguva.

The kumutsidzirwa mitambo uye mabhaisikopo

Mugore 50-60-ies zviri yemitambo iri kusangana kuberekwazve. Izvozvo zvaireva mutemo nyungudika munyikadzimu uye achiita Arts, zvakanaka kuudza repertoire pamusoro yepamusoro zvokukura pakati remakore. Aenda inoshandiswa pakutsigira vashandi uye varimi, unodzokera pachikuva dzekare repertoire uye anoshanda 20-ies pamusoro XX remakore. Asi richiri yemitambo akatonga chikwata werudzii basa, uye okutarisira nzvimbo zvaisanganisira sagona uye kuverenga nokunyora vakuru. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vazhinji mabasa vasina kuona vateereri wayo: mutambo Meyerhold Vampilov nevamwe vazhinji uye vakasiya akarara pasi jira.

Nyungudika rinobatsira nezvainoita cinema. mafirimu akawanda iyoyo chakazozivikanwa kure miganhu nyika yedu. Mabasa akadai "The Cranes Vari Nendege", "Ivan kuti Childhood", rutsvene nomukurumbira munyika yose mibayiro. sinema Soviet wakadzosa redu kinoderzhavy nyika mamiriro rakarashika kubvira panguva Eisenstein.

chitendero

Rutapudzo enyika vomanikidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvoupenyu vanhu vasina kukanganiswa echitendero wokuti hurumende. Kutambudzwa pakunamata uye vatungamiriri vezvitendero kwakawedzera. The initiator pamusoro makambani Anti-zvechitendero Khrushchev pachake. Asi, kuparadzwa vatendi uye vechitendero siyana masangano muitiro pachena kusekwa uye debunking mashura chaiko. Zvikurukuru, zvose kuti zvaireva nyungudika mutemo muupenyu vakatendeka yomudzimu, akanga aderedzwa kuti "kunenge dzidzo" uye mhosva.

zvabuda

Zvinosuruvarisa nguva kubudirira nemagariro hakuna kugara kwenguva refu. Wokupedzisira pfungwa iri nyungudika wakakugadzirirai raikosha chiitiko muna 1962 - pokukundwa unyanzvi kuratidzwa panguva Manezh. Pasinei curtailing rusununguko muna Soviet Union, kudzokera mazuva yerima Stalin haana kutora nzvimbo. Izvozvo zvaireva kuti mitemo nyungudika iri nzvimbo mumwe nomumwe womuno zvokunamata, tinogona kutsanangura kunzwa mhepo kuchinja, kudzikira basa vakawanda kuziva uye kukwidza munhu somunhu, ane kodzero maonero avo.