Zvikamu Commonwealth yayo risingakanganwiki kukosha

Imwe simba zvikuru inoti muEurope pakati mumireniyamu yechipiri - muPoland - kuti XVIII remakore rashanduka nyika dzasakadzwa nehondo munyika kuzvipokanidza, nzvimbo contestation pakati pedyo nyika - Russia, Prussia, Austria. Sections of Commonwealth kuva dzinongoitika basa kukura nyika ino.

The chikuru chinokonzera dambudziko, umo kunogara vokuPoland mamiriro, aiva ruvengo makurusa magnates Polish, rimwe nerimwe, pane rumwe rutivi, vakatsvaka nepose kune zvematongerwo utungamiriri, Ukuwo, vakatsvaka rubatsiro munyika dzakavakidzana, nokudaro kuzarura nyika yake kuti dzimwe simba.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti, pasinei nokuti muPoland aiva umambo, simba roumambo yaiva nekaupenyu simba. Chokutanga, Mambo Poland, akasarudzwa muna Diet, umo basa munyika XVIII remakore raimuvhiringidza Russia uye France, Prussia neAustria. Chechipiri, mumwe mukuru zviga nokushanda Seimas aiva "liberum kurambidza" kana chisarudzo chine kutorwa zvachose zvose varipo. Mumwe vhoti "pamusoro" akanga zvakakwana nharo rakamuka nesimba rakawedzerwa.

Nokuti Russia, mubvunzo Polish kare chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvayo dzimwe negwaro. Chaizvoizvo Its haana chete kusimbisa simba rayo munyika European nyika, asi kudzivirira kodzero yevagari Orthodox, achigara munharaunda muUkraine ano uye kuBaltic States.

Ndizvo ezvinhu chavagari Orthodox akava chikonzero kuti akakonzera partition kwePoland rokutanga. Catherine II hurumende akabvumirana naMambo Stanislavom Ponyatovskim pamusoro kuchinja kubva kodzero Orthodox uye Catholic vakawanda, asi chikuru chikamu kwamachinda kuti akaramba uye vakamukira. Russia, Prussia uye Austria dzakamanikidzwa kutumira mauto munharaunda yacho Commonwealth, iyo pakupedzisira akapa Prussian mambo Frederick II mukana wokutaura pamusoro weboka vokuPoland nyika. Zvikamu Commonwealth akava sarambidzika chokwadi.

Somugumisiro ari partition rokutanga Poland muna 1772 vakatamira Russian ndima Belarus uye okumabvazuva ano Latvia, Prussia akagamuchira Polish pemhenderekedzo Sea North, uye Austria - Galicia.

Zvisinei, partition ichi kwePoland haana magumo. Chikamu vokuPoland kwamachinda ainyatsoziva kuti kuti kuponesa nyika yavo vaida enyika kuchinja. With chinangwa ichi muna 1791 raiva kuitwa reMitemo kwePoland, umo simba roumambo kurega kuva zvokuwedzera, uye nheyo "liberum kurambidza" rakanga rarambidzwa. transformations yakadaro akasangana zvinhu zvakaipa muEurope, apo chete yakasvika yepamusorosoro rayo Great French Revolution. Russia uye Prussia apiwa vakapinda Polish mauto ari papi uye kuti atange chikamu chitsva kamwe simba mamiriro.

Maererano partition repiri Poland muna 1793 Russia akatangazve kodzero-pamahombekombe Ukraine, Belarus uye Central uye Prussia akanga kuchochora izvozvo Flughafen, izvo iye pakarepo achinja zita kuna Danzig.

Zviito dzakadai European inoti zvakazoita kuti kutanga Polish National rusununguko rwokufamba rinotungamirirwa T. Kosciuszko. Asi kumukira uyu zvoutsinye woutsinye nemauto Russian rinotungamirirwa Alexander Suvorov. Third mupanda kwePoland muna 1795 kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti hurumende iyi havasisipo: musimboti chikamu, pamwe Warsaw akanga ceded kuna Prussia, Courland, Lithuania, Western Belarus - kuna Russia, uye South Poland Krakow - kuAustria.

Zvikamu Commonwealth pachinhu Russia akapedza chirongwa reunification wokuRussia, Ukrainian uye Belarusian vanhu uye chamuita kuti mberi pakukura kwavo tsika.