The New Silk Road: nzira, zano, pamuviri

Okupedzisira makumi maviri nokukurumidza zvoupfumi Kuwedzera China makatsauka ndokuita superpower. With veMubatanidzwa utungamiriri idzva rinotungamirirwa Xi Jinping, China akarega avanda ayo dzimwe negwaro vavariro. The chirongwa musi pakusikwa New Silk Road - inhaurwa kuenderera mutemo China mumakore achangopfuura. Yokutanga matanho kuti kuzadziswa zviroto zvakatobviswa: zvinopa mari, akashanda kunze zvibvumirwano kunyika dzinokosha. The urongwa ane vavengi shoma pakati makuru masimba enyika. Kuita chirongwa, China achasarudza kwete chete kuwanda matambudziko womukati, asi kukanganisa pose upfumi mufananidzo wenyika. tichasimbiswawo New Silk Road sei?

chikuru urongwa

Kwete kare, Minister Foreign Wang Yi akaita kunotsanangurwa pfungwa China kwakaita wokumwe wokuti "Mumwe Belt - nomumwe hope", maererano izvo vakaronga kuvaka New Silk Road kubva Asia neEurope. Mukutanga 2014, musoro China Xi Jinping akapa zano kuti pakusikwa Silk Road. Chirongwa vanotarisirwa kuti vaunze imwe hombe imwe chete upfumi vematunhu, zvinosanganisira kwezvivako munyika dzakawanda. New Silk Road vadarike Central Asia, Russia, Belarus, Europe. Sea nzira kuchaita mberi muPersian Gulf, muGungwa reMediterranean kuIndian Ocean. We vaiona kusarudza pamwe zvinoita nyika African.

China ari kuenda vanopedzisira racho anopfuura mabhiriyoni 40 emadhora kubva rinokosha mari. $ 50 billion kare dzinounzwa nokuda Asian Development Bank. Mari achaitwa paakapiwa pakuvaka njanji, zviteshi uye nezvimwe zvivako, kukura ukama pakati kubatanidzwa nyika. Resource Wantchinatimes akarumbidza zvachose mubhizimisi China muna 22 tiririyoni.

Kuedza ndiponesezve Silk Road yatorwa Europe uye US. China akateterera pfungwa iyi muduku, asi zvizhinji zvakaitwa kuti dzika nayo. Nemhaka hunoshamisa marii uye "akapfava kwoupfumi kurwisa" achakwanisa kuumba ngozi dzaifanoiswa, kushandiswa munyika dzakawanda. Nhasi, China ari kushingaira kukurukura kwezvivako rokuvaka pamwe kubatanidzwa nyika. More dzakananga zano idzva Silk Road, uye mugumisiro kuramba tichishanda Nhaurirano chichange zvakaziviswa mukupera March panguva Boao Forum (wokumaodzanyemba Chinese muruwa Hainan).

Pfungwa yacho Silk Road

Nhasi, China anopa nyika musika Michini, midziyo, zvemagetsi uye yepamusorosoro zvigadzirwa. High-nokukurumidza mitsetse pakureba (16 000 km), nyika pokutanga kutanga munyika. Yekare Silk Road ndiye chete Chinese senga koridho. Nhasi China inozivisa pakagadzwa zvoupfumi nzvimbo dzakawanda.

Tanga wokubatanidza "upfumi mapazi" uye «XXI Century Maritime Silk Road" rinoitwa mukati yechinangwa "Mumwe Belt - imwe nzira" chirongwa. Pfungwa Idzva Silk Road ndiye Implementation kuronga achibatsirwa shanu dyidzana zvinhu:

• kuroora kwezvivako;
• political kusachinja-chinja;
• dzibvise uye zvemari Rwako;
• tengeserana nomukadzi;
• anoyamura kutaurirana.

On hwaro ichi, uye unomutsa pamwe zvizere, chinogonesa pakuvimbana pakati nyika kuumba upfumi kusangana uye netsika shiviriro. Implementation chirongwa rose rakanga akaronga nzira nhatu:

• "China - Central Asia - Russia - Europe".
• "China - Central uye West Asia".
• "China - Southeast Asia - South Asia".

New Silk Road. nzira

Rapanzvimbo chirongwa zvinoshamisa kwete chete maererano mari, asi kubva pfungwa nemaonero jogirafi. The "gwara" yose rakakamurwa nzira mbiri (nomumugwagwa uye nomugungwa). Land kunotanga Xi'an (Shaanxi Province), nomunyika yose China, vanofanira kuva kuguta Urumqi, pamuchinjikwa ndivo kunyika Central Asia, Iran, Iraq, Siria, Turkey. Uyezve, achishandisa Bosphorus kuva Eastern Europe, kuRussia. New Silk Road, imwe nzira iyo achapfuura nyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope zvinobva reRotterdam kuItari.

Haidereri chikuru gungwa nzira kunotanga muguta Quanzhou (Prefecture Fuztsyan), chinofanira kuva kuburikidza huru wokumaodzanyemba guta, kuburikidza chichienda kuMalacca Strait, achiuya Kuala Lumpur. Kuyambuka Indian Ocean, anomiswa mu Calcutta (India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), kuti Maldives, anouya Nairobi (Kenya). Zvadaro, nzira ichipfuura Dzvuku Djibouti kuburikidza neSuez Canal kuva Athens (Greece) muVenice (Italy) uye merges pamwe pasi pedyo Silk.

matambudziko Economic "nzira"

Sezvo pakukura ekisipota, China dzinongoita kuchinjwa yose upfumi. Maererano Zvaifungidzirwa, ari gadziriro iri Silk Road vanotarisirwa 21 tiririyoni madhora turnover pagore, iyo kungawedzera mugove China munyika GDP kusvika 50%.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti New Silk Road, kuvakwa chiri kare kuitwa, zvichaita Redirect aibuda kunze kwenyika nhumbi uye guta munzvimbo kusvikira ichangobva shure dzakawanda dzaishandiswa. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, China ari kushingaira pamwe nyika Asian. Investments dzinounzwa kuna Chinese makambani ehurumende-anazvo vari kusimukira zhinji, rinenge chete wokuti kuramba rusununguko pakati masimba makuru.

Kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, ari profitability chirongwa kuti China iri kuderedza logistics mari. Nokuti nhengo nyika ari Silk Road - mune kukwezva mamwe mari. Muenzaniso pamwe kwakadaro nemhaka China kuti mari iri iHavan chirongwa ari Maldives (mune ramangwana ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha pfungwa pamepu zvomumvura Silk Road).

zvenharaunda matambudziko

Kuvapo China muCentral Asia uye Africa hazvibvi evasingatombonamati zvoupfumi hunhu. Panguva remunharaunda pamwero nokuda prc they anoramba ari chokutanga enyika uye zvoupfumi kugadzikana kumuganhu munzvimbo: East, Central uye kuSoutheast Asia. The huru chipingamupinyi kuparadzirwa Chinese zvoupfumi chakajairika kwazova chinhu kuti "China ngozi." Kuderedza ngozi "kwete" iri aronga tichibatsirwa "nyoro simba" zano, simbisa nemagariro zvaiitwa China. Nhamba yevadzidzi mudunhu Asian, vadzidzi Chinese Africa, unoratidza mwero kupinda pakati Chinese tsika.

China simba kuchengeteka kunoenderana ayo kudzora nepagungwa uye nepanyika Silk Road. Sezvo nyika guru imupota simba, China ndiyo 100% hunotsigirwa zvomumvura zvokushandisa. kutyisidzira "mafuta zvirango" inongogara akarembera pamusoro simba. US nzira iyi yaishandiswa pamusoro Japan isati hondo.

New Silk Road achauyisa pamwe chete nyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira US vavengi (Russia, Pakistan, Iran). States mapato gwara kungava enyika rinorema simba. basa rinokosha chokuita pakusikwa Silk Road, ndiko kudzivirira Chinese upfumi. Kuburikidza kutengesa zvinhu raitungamirwa prc they, rinogona akaziva zvokutengeserana kwete chete, asiwo Anti-nemagandanga zvinangwa. Kubva nguva nenguva mashoko rinowanikwa nhau pamusoro mufambiro Nhaurirano vagadze Chinese richikurukura nezvigadziko muchiuto "tambo maparera" iri Indian Ocean.

Project nezvainoita dzomunyika zvematongerwo China

Major dzakawanda zvirongwa zvazova chokutanga, uye mune dzimwe enyika China. New Silk Road kuchabatsira kugadzirisa zvinetso munyika.

1. Pro-Chinese kwoupfumi nguva iri kunobatsira mubhizimisi muzvirongwa rurefu kudzoka musi mari uye yakareba chinobatsira.
2. Achipfuura Western China, bhandi achabatsira kuti kugadzirisa matambudziko gogonera kusimudzira nyika, tsika uye zvoupfumi kusangana pakati kumadokero kumatunhu.
3. Construction kwezvivako zvemapazi - tsime mabasa matsva kuti hurumende iri prc they makambani kuti vane yakasimba munhu kupfuma.

Central Asia uye Russia

Russia uye Central Asia, kubatanidza East uye West zvinokosha China dzaifanoiswa arteries. Nhasi, China - fekitari nyika. Pfungwa pakushandisa Central Asia sezvinodiwa upfumi, ivo vafunga kubvira Soviet Union yakadhirika. Ipapo vakatanga hurongwa basa mirayiridzo ino Shanghai Cooperation Organization, kukwidza mubvunzo pamwe zvoupfumi. Zvaikosha kwete chete kuti vaenzanise zvipfuwo mamiriro ezvemari, asiwo agadzirire mukoridho kuna Europe kuburikidza Central Asia uye Russia.

Kwete chaizvo, apo chichaitika Itsva Silk Road: chero zvazvingava richava guru-pamwero "kuzunungusa-up" reCentral kwezvivako Asian uye yekudyidzana kuwedzera mitoro motokari kubva China. Kubudirira mazano ose kubatana uye isimbe, chete zvinogoneka pamusoro Silk Road, yave vakaratidza kare. The, hondo pakati pemarudzi zvakamuita kuti pedyo, uye kufamba - kuti kushaya kudiwa. Tevera kuedza kutangazve nzira pasina sangano panguva remunharaunda vanochiva kana pasina zvazvakabatsira.

Central Asia kwagara zvoupenyu zvido Russian. Convergence of China uye Russian Federation - mubvunzo nani yakaoma. Hazvina kujeka, sezvo Silk Road nezvainoita Customs Union uye SCO. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nezvenzvimbo Kazakhstan, munhu remunharaunda centre Central Asia.

Russia muchinangwa racho

On yekare Silk Road, China aiva chete ekisipota. Modern nzira nowakautangira, iri musiyano chaiyo nechido kuti kusangana. Panguva hurukuro muMoscow, kokutanga China akaita akapa Russia kushandisa upfumi mukoridho kwezvivako kuti kutengesa zvinangwa. Russia anoita kuwana zvengarava pamusoro New Silk Road, uye achaita mubasa dzaifanoiswa kwenhumbi. Chokwadi, nzira China anogadziriswa chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabasa - kupa riwedzere kuti budiriro uye kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa dzakawanda upfumi kumadokero ndima.

Russia iri New Silk Road kusvikira sokuti chete naye, nokutengesa mbishi zvinhu, kupfuura nemunyika. Nokuti kukura "nzira" kunoda RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA nzira. Hurumende, yemakambani urongwa nomumwe makambani haisi kukwana, vanoda rakabatana zvine urongwa urongwa. Nemhaka China vakaumba chifananidzo akanaka chacho, asi zvinhu chaizvo kwete zvikuru zvakanaka kuti Russia.

Pashure pokuwa USSR, isu vabva Central Asia uye kugadzirisa matambudziko zvemukati. China kuti nokusangana hwasimbiswa Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Small inoti vakanga vachitya China, saka kuchengeteka raiva wenyaya. China akamutsa zvoupfumi nyaya chokuita vakasununguka kutengeserana, akazaruka miganhu. SCO aizova monopolist mudunhu, kana kwete paumbwe Eurasian Economic Union, iyo akaratidza kuti Russia ine kuda uye inokosha ichifunga Central Asia. Nhasi, ari SCO uye EAEC ndiye chete chirongwa muCentral Asia, uye zvikuru tarisiro wechipiri kukura, saka China ndiko kutaurirana.

Xi Jinping akazivisa vaitaura akawanda kuti kubatanidzwa yemberi zvoupfumi mapazi uye EAEC. Pfungwa chakatsigirwa Vladimir Putin. The President waiva pfungwa kuti zvirongwa pamwe chete richava kurudziro simba zvoupfumi basa munharaunda Eurasia. Aibatanidza zvirongwa hwuchavapano pasi SCO, izvo zvinounza China ane kutungamirira chinzvimbo.

Draft Inofadza muRussia

New Silk Road chirongwa achabatsira kuwedzera zvokutengeserana uye kugadzira warwo zvose nenyika uye zvomumvura yokufambisa network weRussia. Kuti aite izvi, kuumba Conjugate kwezvivako. Nhasi, hurumende yeRussia achaponesa bhajeti, kusanganisira unocheka shure mari dzinounzwa nokuda kuvaka.

Russia abatane nzira seboka kunoenderana mwero kukura National njanji kwezvivako. Zvakanga aronga kuti chitsva Silk Road kuburikidza Russia achaenda kuMiddle, Southern Urals uye kuchamhembe emunharaunda munzvimbo, apo pane kuvaka Northern latitudinal nzira. Mukana pakukoka mutsetse kuburikidza mutsara "Midnight - Ob" kuKazakhstan China. Severnyy Ural inogona revatema kupinda "nzira" nomugungwa kana nyika, asi chete kuzadzisa zvinhu kuti mazuvaano w / c mambure.

Transport Gurukota Sokolov, mubvunzo akamutswa pamusoro mazuvaano pamusoro IRR uye Trans-Siberian Railway, izvo aizosika munhu mukuru-nokukurumidza w / D penzira "Moscow - Beijing", asi mari haisi kutarisirwa. Muna 2015, maererano nepurani, kuti Trans-Siberian uye Baikal-Amur Mainline mari kwaisafanira asingasviki mabhiriyoni 21 rubles., Kutaura zvazviri, dzinounzwa mabhiriyoni 16.

Mumwe reRussia nechekuita mukugarisana zvaungasarudza muNew Silk Road vakaramba pamwe kugumiswa chirongwa musi kuvaka Crimean chiteshi. Crimea aigona kuva inokosha wezvokutengeserana nechigadziko uye itsva pfungwa kudanwa nevezvokutengeserana kuenda Europe. Silk Road panyika chero zvazvingava achaenda kuburikidza imwe nyika dzokuEurope, apo zviri nyore kutsamwisa vachinje simba uye zvechizarira dzaifanoiswa. Somuenzaniso, Southern kubuda chemabhazi muBulgaria. Kuwanikwa rokutengesa hwaro muna Crimea achabvumira kuti Redirect aibuda nenhumbi kuburikidza chero nyika.

New Silk Road yokunzvenga Russia

Ukraine ndozvadziri kwayo kuita basa racho "Silk Road" sezvo murevereri kuti nhumbi kubva China kuEurope. Maererano Mikheil Saakashvili, kutengeserana Rwako zvakawanda zvakanaka kuti akatumira rine chiteshi Ilyichevsk sezvo logistics kuburikidza hazvisati kupfuura 9 mazuva, uye kuRussia - mazuva 30. Saakashvili akasimbisa kuti basa riri kuitwa kare pamusoro kuvakwa migwagwa iri EU, kuburikidza Dniester estuary inovakwa bhiriji guru.

China akatotora substantially mberi mune Implementation anokosha musiyano nzira: Kazakhstan - Azerbaijan - Georgia - Turkey. Kubva China, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda kunharaunda Russia yakauya bvunzo mugaba chitima Nomadexpress, wokupedzisira 3500? Km mumazuva mashanu - kuburikidza Kazakhstan, kweGungwa reCaspian kuchiteshi Kishly (pedyo Baku). The uchiongorora Idzva Silk Road rechipiri vagura Iran, rechitatu (ari munharaunda Russia kuMoscow uye St. Petersburg) richiri kukurukurwa. Yokupedzisira nzira zvakawanda zvinobatsira: zviri mapfupi pane mamwe maviri. Uyezve, Russia, Belarus uye kuKazakhstan vanobatanidzwa mune EAEC. The mubvunzo wokuRussia kuita basa racho ragadziriswa kwenguva refu, nokunzi chibvumirano chakanga nemasaini May 2015.

Option ne "rusununguko" China inokurukura nayo zvinogamuchirika. The Chinese mumiriri akati kuti Chinese mabhanga vanoda mari $ 20 billion muna kwezvivako rweUkraine. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane chitsva Silk Road yokunzvenga mundima Russian Federation? Tinomirira muone. Zviri pachena kuti China iri kufunga dzakawanda nzira zvokusarudza, sezvo kare.

Direction "Kazakhstan - Russian Federation - Belarus 'zvikuru kubatsira China, asi Russia haana akabatana" New Silk Road "pfungwa uye kudzivirira zvavanofarira chokuita EAEC. Ukraine zvinonyanya dzinokodzera sangano pakufamba, asi hazvina akakodzera huru upfumi nokuda kwayo kusagadzikana. China kuti mutambo ne "Square" kunosimbisa nzvimbo China ari kwakadzama pamwe Russian Federation. Chokwadi, nzira "Kazan - Moscow - St. Petersburg ..." pamusoro Silk Road dzichakurukurwa.