North America steppes, kana Chii chinonzi prairie?

Nharaunda yeGreat Plains yekuchamhembe kwekondinendi yeAmerica isati yave yakagadzirwa nevaEurope vanogara makiromita 4 000 murefu uye anenge anenge makiromita 800 muhupamhi. Nzvimbo yepakati-makondinendi uye kudzivirirwa kubva kumadokero kwekumhanho kweMakomo eRyyyyyt yakagadzwa nemamiriro avo emamiriro ekunze uye zvishoma zvinomera. Saka chii chinonzi prairie? Ichokwadi, iyi ndiyo mawere. Vakagamuchira zita ravo kubva kuFrance vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika. Zvinorehwa neshoko rokuti "miriwo" ndeyezvikepe. Nharaunda dzinowanikwa kumabvazuva kweGreat Plains, pakati nepakati kumavirazuva kweCanada uye USA. Munyika yekuchamhembe, mharaunda yemasango pamasango e coniferous, kumadokero - nemakomo, kumabvazuva - nemasango, uye kumaodzanyemba ivo zvishoma nezvishoma vanopinda savanna uye semidesert. Kuwanda kwemvura kunharaunda yeNorth American steppes inoderera mukutungamira kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumadokero. Nzvimbo dzakaoma zvikuru dziri mukati. Nokudaro, zvinomera mumharaunda zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinowanikwa nemapoka matatu akareba: uswa hwakareba, hwakasanganiswa uye hwakasvibira uswa.

Kununurwa kwemahombekombe eNorth America

Chii chinzvimbo chemaGreat Plains maererano nekuregererwa? Iyi ndima inowedzera pamwe neCordillera. Inzvimbo yakanyatsotarisa uye nzvimbo dzezvikomo zviduku. Kutaura zvazviri, iri tende igomba rakadzika, iro riri kupfuurira kweWestern Plains kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumadokero. Ivhareji yepamusoro-soro yenzvimbo iyi iri mukati memakiromita mashanu pamusoro pegungwa. Nzizi dzinoparadzanisa kumabvazuva uye dzinosvika mumudziyo wezvizizi mbiri : Missouri na Mississippi. Pane imwe nzvimbo ndima iyi yaiva pasi pegungwa rekare, kubva pane zvinyorwa zvarakanyorwa. Nharaunda dzinogona kunge dzakagadzirirwa muzvikamu zvina zve physico-geographical: zvitatu - Edwards, Missouri, Llano-Estacado - uye chikamu chikuru cheGreat Plains.

Mamiriro ekunze

Icho chinokosha chikamu chemamiriro ose ekunze muNorth America ndiyo mhepo inopisa inotakura unyoro kubva kuPacific Ocean. Asi panzvimbo yemvura mvura inenge isingawi - inoramba iri pakati peRoyy uye Cascade Makomo uye Sierra Nevada. Mhepo yakaoma inomhanyisa mumakumbo, pasina kusangana nezvipingamupinyi, kunze kwemvura inonaya inoyerera ichibva kuGulf yeMexico. Muzhizha, misangano iyi inoguma nemhepo zhinji nemafutu, munguva yechando - nzando huru yechando. Pakati pese, mhepo inogara yakasimba inowanikwa mumasango. Icho kutonhora pano i continental - kusiyana. Muzhizha - avhareji ye20-25 degrees yekupisa muchando-kusvika kune -25. Ikoko kune frosts uye kusvika kusvika -50 degrees. Kumabvazuva, mamiriro ekunze anonyorova - kusvika ku 600 mm yemvura inogona kuwira gore. Chikamu chekumadokero chakanyanya kuoma, pano tsika dzisingadariki 300 mm. Anenge makore ose mashanu ari moto muminda. Asi moto unofamba, sekutonga, nekukurumidza zvikuru, kwete kukuvadza zvakanyanya nyika.

Miti yemichero yenyika

Chii chinonzi prairie maererano neshoko rehupenyu? Zvisikwa zvakasikwa ndezvomusango-mashizha uye mawere. Yokutanga inoratidzirwa nevhu rakaoma-chifukidzo chevhu uye aspen uye birch pini. Iyi nzvimbo iri pedyo nemuganhu weCanada. Kuwedzera kwekumaodzanyemba, pamiti ye chernozem, yakanyatsogadzira miriwo. Pane shorti shrub (acacia uye mesquite) uye pasi-yakayerera yakafukidzwa hunyoro. Munzvimbo dziri kumadokero kune nzvimbo kune yuccas, cacti uye agaves. Pakati pemimirima kune maitiro emasango. Kumusoro - birch. Mukumaodzanyemba - maoki, mesquite, acacia uye juniper. Pari zvino, simiti yenyika yemiriwo iri kuchinja, nokuti ivhu rakaorera rinowanzogadzirwa nevarimi uye rinowanzodirirwa.

Mhuka yemhuka yeminda

Mhuka dzomumusha dzinonakidza, asi, sezvinoita zvinomera, hadzisi dzakasiyana-siyana. Nyaya dzinowanzozivikanwa ndeye squirrels - imbwa dzomunharaunda. Zita ravo ravakagamuchira nekuda kwekurira kwekunzwika, izvo zvinoratidza mumwe nemumwe zviratidzo zvengozi. Mhuka dzinofadza dzinogara mumakoroni makuru. Vanorarama mumatombo ekuvaka zvakaoma. Dzimba dzinogona kuwanikwa pakadzika mamita mashanu. Izvi zvisikwa zvokudya zvezvikara zvinokanganisa: firiza dzomusika, marcon weMexican, coyote, badgers, rattlesnakes uye mbira. Pakutanga, mombe dzakawanda dzemakungu dzaigara muminda. Pane imwe nguva ivo vakanga vava pedyo nekuparara, nekuda kwekuvhima kusina tsitsi kwavari. Kusvika iye zvino, mhuka idzi huru dzinodzivirirwa nemutemo. Coyotes achiri mazhinji. Pakati pezvisikwa, pane mhuka ine ruzivo, maCanada arise uye arise.

Kuwedzera kwemahombekombe kwakasimudzirwa nemoto uye bhituni

Nzira yekuziva sei, zvichida nhasi hakuna munhu angazova nemubvunzo pamusoro pokuti chii chinzvimbo chemahara, dai chakanga chisisiri chemoto uye bhumwechete. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti munzvimbo idzi masango anogona kukura kare, maererano nevhu uye mamiriro ekunze enyika. Elemental moto, kupisa zvose pasi, uye mombe dzemhuka, kudya zvakakwana nekudzvinyirira kukura vaduku, vakaita basa ravo. Masayendisiti anofunga mazano avo, zvichienderana nemabasa akafanana muAfrica, apo nherera dzinobatsirawo pakupararira kwezvirimwa zvinomera. Ndiwo maitiro aya akaumbwa ... Tarisa mifananidzo yemarimi - kuti yakanaka sei!