Pedagogical anthropology uye maitiro ayo evanhu

Mazuva ano pedagogy yave kuburikidza nhanho dzakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwaro sainzi. Chimwe chazvo chinodzidzisa anthropology - dzidziso iyo yakatambudzwa kakawanda nokuda kwezvikonzero zvekufunga muU.SR. Chikonzero chikuru che "nzira yemhinzwa" iyi ndeyekuti yaifungidzirwa kuongorora nzira yekudzidzisa kwete kungoita chiito chekugadzirisa simba kune munhu wehurumende yehurumende yehurumende uye nharaunda, asiwo zvisizvo zvisiri zvemasangano zvezvisikwa, hupenyu, hutano hwemagariro evanhu . Nenzira iyi, pedagogical anthropology inodzidzisa zvakaoma, iyo inowirirana zvakanyanya nemasayendisiti akadai sepfungwa, zvemagariro evanhu, masayendisiti, nhoroondo, genetics, nezvimwewo.

Nezvezvinetso zvekuchikoro kwekuchikoro, izvi zvaireva kuti basa rekudzidzisa rechikoro harifaniri kuonekwa sechinhu chikuru kune zvimwe zvikonzero, kana kunyange chete (paivawo nemafungiro akadaro). Mukufunga kwevamiririri vezvesayenzi iyi, nzvimbo dzakagadzirisa - sangano, mhuri, mafungiro evanhu, tsika uye zvitendwa, uye kunyange mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu nemamiriro ekunze - tine basa rinokosha zvakakosha mukurera.

Kuenderera mberi kubva munyaya iyi, psycho-pedagogical anthropology inotaura kuti kuitira kuti kubudirira kubudirire zvinangwa zvedzidzo, zvinokosha kuti tifunge nezvekubudirira kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana sciences, apo, sezvakataurwa naUshinsky, "muviri nemweya" wemunhu mumwe nomumwe zvinodzidzwa. Mumakore makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri ezana remakore rechi20, iyo yose Soviet science yechikoro cheanthropological pedagogues yakaumbwa muSoviet Union, iyo yakasimbisa kudiwa kwekubatanidzwa kwakabatana pakufungisisa kwekufunga kwezvinhu zvekurera.

Pakati pevamiririri vakakurumbira vechikoro ichi ndiUshinsky, Sevostyanov, Uznadze. Izvo zvakapararira pakati pezvesayenzi uye dzidziso dzevanhu vaidzidzisa ndezvechikoro chekudzidzisa chinonzi Ushinsky. Ndicho chikonzero Ushinsky, achiita basa mubumbiro rehurongwa hweSoviet pedagogical education, kunyange akarongerwa kusika kwete kungodzidzira masangano edzidzo uye masangano, asi anthropological. Mukutenda kwake kwakadzika, nzira yakadaro inogona kuvimbisa kuwedzera kwemiganhu yenyika yevanhu nekuona nyika uye, sechigumisiro, inobatsira pakuumbwa kwemurume wehupenyu hweSoviet mune ramangwana.

Ushinsky uye chidzidzo chake chinodzidzisa anthropology yakatsigira mazano ehupenyu hwose hwekuvandudzwa kweumwe munhu, izvo zvisingakwani kungodzidzisa munhu kunyora, kuverenga nekuverenga. Kudzidziswa kwakadaro kwakanyanyisa, mune maonero eanthropological pedagogues, kunogona kutungamirira kukuti munhu achakura zvakakwana zvisina kufananidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu echinetso chekuchinja hupenyu hwevanhu, uye naizvozvo eve "ballast" mukuvakwa kwevanhu vatsva, iyo ma communist airehwa. Mukuita izvi izvi zvaireva kuti mudzidzisi wese uye mudzidzisi anofanira kudzidziswa nenzira yakadai yekukwanisa kushandisa chero humwe chokwadi chezvinhu zvakapoteredza dzidzo. Chero munyaya iyi chete inogona kuita zvakakwana pamunhu, manzwiro uye unhu hwechizvarwa chechidiki kuve nechokwadi.

Soviet pedagogical anthropology yakaratidza kuti munhu anofanira kunyatsoongorora zvakanakira ruzivo rwekuMadokero kweEurope nedzimwe nyika, asi mumwe haafaniri kunge akazvifananidza zvinyoronyoro, sezvo izvi pachazvo zvinopesana nepfungwa huru yekugadzirisa anthropology.

Rational anthropology in pedagogy inokurudzira kufungisisa kwevanhu vose-tsika, mafungiro, mamiriro ezvinhu uye zvematongerwe enyika emamiriro ehupenyu, izvo zvinotarisa kufambira mberi kwaro pamusana pepfungwa dzepfungwa dzepfungwa dzevanhu. Kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro pekubatana kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu nemasikirwo epfungwa mukurera, pedagogical anthropology inokurudzira kushandisa sechirongwa chekusikwa kwezvinhu, izvo zvinosanganisira kuwirirana zvakabatana muhutano hwekudzidzisa kubudirira kwezvinhu zvose zvesayenzi uye vanhu.