Dziva guru munyika yose

Nekuda kupindura mubvunzo weiyo ndiyo yakakura dziva munyika, munhu anofanira kunyatsonzwisisa kuti gungwa iri chii. Ichi chirevo chinosanganisira zvivako zvemukati zvinowanikwa kune dzimwe nyika, izvo zvisiri izvo zvino uye kuwirirana neWorld Ocean.

Makungwa nemakungwa emvura, sekutonga, zvakaumbwa apo maitiro eatectonic ekudengenyeka kwepasi akaitika. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakakura dziva munyika yose-Caspian kana Gungwa reCaspian. Nei gungwa? Kuparadzaniswa kubva kumahombekombe enyika panguva yekutenderera kwezvakagadzika zvepasi, Caspian yakava isina mvura, asi mvura yakachengetedza uswa hwayo apo pasi iri rakafukidzwa nerudzi rweoceanic yenyika. Nenzira, salinity inosvika 13%. Kana iri nzvimbo uye yakadzika, iyo yakakura dziva munyika - Caspian - ine mvura yakazaruka pamusoro (miririti) yakaenzana nemamata mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe nechiuru chikamu makiromita uye nepamusoro pakakwirira mamita ane makumi maviri namashanu mamita.

Dziva iri riri muErasia continent. Nzvimbo yegungwa ine zviuru zvitanhatu nemazana manomwe makiromita. Muchikamu chekumabvazuva kune zvitsuwa makumi mashanu. Gungwa reCaspian rinodyisa nzizi zana nemakumi matatu. Nzira dzemvura dzakawanda dzinopinda mumvura yakawanda munyika yose ndeyotevera: Volga, Terek uye Urals. Uye guta guru pane ose muCaspian gungwa ndiBaku. Sturgeon, carp, pike perch - ichi chikamu chiduku chiduku chezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kazhinji zvinopfuura zana zvemarudzi ehove dzinogara mumvura yeGungwa reCaspian.

Zvisinei, iCaspian ndiyo yakakura saline, asi Baikal ndiro gungwa guru nemvura yakachena muRussia. Mukuwedzera, iriwo dziva rakadzama munyika yose. Nzvimbo yose yegirazi iri makiromita makiromita makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana manomwe, uye hupamhi hunopfuura mamita gumi nemashanu mamita. Dziva guru muRussia rinokonzera kuwanda kwemvura yegungwa, iyo inopfuura makumi maviri nezvitatu nemazana mashanu nemakiromita makiromita. Ichi ndicho chikuru chemvura chaiyo. Mvura yeLake Baikal izere bhesheni rechisikigo, rakakomberedzwa nemakomo. Zvisikwa zvavo zvinenge zvisingabviri zvachose kusvibiswa kwezvinhu uye mineral substances, uye kunyange munguva yechando mvura inonyatsojeka zvokuti pasi inoratidzika kunyange pamadziro makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana mamita. Nyama nemafuta eGungwa Baikal zvinoshamisa: zviuru zviviri nemazana manomwe ezvisikwa, pakati payo zvinenge zvitatu zvehove, zvinowanikwa pano uye pasina imwe nzvimbo.

Mukati, makungwa makuru uye masango makuru anowanikwa munharaunda dzose dzekondinendi. North America, somuenzaniso, yakakurumbira pamakungwa ayo Michigan naHuron, avo vane nzvimbo yose yezvioni zvinenge zana nemakumi maviri emakiromita makiromita. Uye nzvimbo yeLake Superior, iri panzvimbo imwechete, kuNorth America, inopfuura makumi masere makumi maviri nemaviri makiromita masere. Mhedzisiro yegungwa iyi inobatanidza nekunyunguduka kwemvura. Ndiyo yakakura, yakadzika uye inotonhora. Kumabvazuva kweAfrica, kune dziva racho guru-Victoria - rine nzvimbo yakazaruka inenge 69 000 makiromita makiromita, asi hurefu hwacho hwakadzika. Mvura yakawanda yemvura ndiyo inonyanya kuunza mvura yeVictoria. Mvura yakachena, ndiyo yechipiri yakakura uye yechipiri chete kune Wekumusoro.

Kudzokera munharaunda kuenda kuRussia, mumwe haagoni kukubatsira kuyeuka imwe dziva, iyo yaimbova yechina munyika, uye nhasi iri pakuguma kwekupera - Aral. Nzira yekuderera yakajeka zvikuru. Mvura miviri miviri yemvura - Syr Darya uye Amudarya, inotakura mvura yavo kuGungwa reAral, asi vanhu vanopfuura hafu yezana remakore vave vachishanda uye vachishandisa mvura yemvura mune zvekurima kwekudiridza. Masayendisiti ave achirwisana kwemakore akawanda pamusoro pechinetso chekuchengetedza Gungwa reAral, asi kusvika iko rave risingazivikanwi. Zvinosuruvarisa, iyo dziva, iri pakati peKazakhstan neUzbekistan, zvinosuruvarisa, inokundikana.