Arsenic acid: makemikari zvinhu, fomu. Zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvikuru

Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari akasiyana-siyana pamuviri wemunhu zvinonzwisisika. Vakawanda vedu tinozivikanwa nemakemikari haatapindi mune zvematongerwe enyika, kana kuti vanoita basa rakanaka muupenyu hwehupenyu. Asi pane boka rezvinhu zvinotyisa zvakanyanya kuhutano. Izvo zvakakamurwa kuva makirasi akawanda. Iyo arsenic acid inokurukurwa munyaya ino ndeimwe yezvinokonzera tsvina yemakemikari. Maererano nenharaunda yakagamuchirwa ikozvino, inopinda kirasi yechipiri yekuwedzera ngozi, pamwe ne chloroform, mutungamiri uye lithium compounds. Tichadzidza zvinhu zve arsenic acid muchidimbu.

Chimiro chema molecule uye huwandu hwemamiriro ezvinhu

Ichi chikamu pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ane chinyorwa chekristalline. Se-tribasic, arsenic asidi, iyo inonzi H ₃ AsO ₄ , ine zvose zviri pakati nepasidhi. Somuenzaniso, potassium hydrosarenate - K ₂ HAsO ₄ , dihydroarsenate sodium - NaH ₂ AsO ₄ , lithium arsenate - Li ₃ AsO ₄ . Nokuverenga calcining arsenic acid, arsenic hemic pentoxide, inonzi arsenic anhydride, inowanikwa. Makristori ayo machena akajeka anoumba vitreous mass iyo isingasviki mumvura.

Dissociation

H3AsO ₄ , pamwe ne formic acid uye mutungamiri hydroxide, inonzi electrolyte ine simba. Nokudaro, mutafura ye ionization yeainyanya kukosha acid, ortho-arsenic acid ine zvitatu zvekudzivisa: 5.6 x 10 ^-3 , 1.5 x 10 ^-7 uye 3, 89 x 10 ^-12 . Izvi zviratidzo zvinoratidza simba reasiti. Maererano nemaitiro ekuparadzanisa, mumakwikwi easorganic acids, H ₃ AsO ₄ inoshandisa nzvimbo pakati pe chromic ne antimony acids. Russian chemist-experimenters AL uye IL Agafonov akagadzira kutaura kwemasvomhu umo kuvimba kwekutanga uye kwechipiri maitiro ekudzivisa arsenic asiri kutonhora kubva pane 0 ° C kusvika 50 ° C yakabva.

Zviratidzo zvemakemikari zvinhu

Dhigirii yeiyo arsenic atomu, iyo iri chikamu chema acid molecule, is +5. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti chidimbu pachayo, mumakemikari ekugadzirisa pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu, inoratidzira hutachiona hwezvinhu. Nokudaro, kana inopindirana ne iodidi ye potassium inoshanda semudzidzisi wekuchepesa, tinowana arsenious acid H ₃ AsO ₃ muusvikiti weAic acid pakati pezvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Yeuka kuti arsenic acid, iyo yakagadzirwa H ₃ AsO _4, ine tribasic, uye naizvozvo, mukushandurana nea alkalis kana kuti isina kushanduka, inogona kupa zvitatu zve salitsi: mazana, hydro- uye dihydroarsenates. A inofanirwa kuita zvinoenderana neIOO ₄ ^3- mukuongorora makemikari ndiko kushamwaridzana kwe arsenic acid pachayo kana marashi ayo ane sorovheri esirivha, semuenzaniso, ne nitrate. Somugumisiro, kunaya kweAg ₃ AsO ₄ Kahawa.

Iodometric nzira yekugadzirisa arsenic acid

Mukuongorora makemikari, basa rinokosha ndekutsvaga kwemakemikari mumigadziro iri pasi pekudzidza. Arsenic acid, iyo makemikari ayo tambofunga kare, inogona kuonekwa ne micromethod ye iodometry. Kusvika 1 ml yemhinduro yacho inodururwa mumhepo imwechete ye 4N. Solution ye hydrochloric acid uye 1 ml ye 4% ye potassium iodide solution. Sesquioxide arsenic As ₂ O _{3 inoumbwa, iyo} yakawanda, iyo yakachengetedzwa zvakasimba yehuwandu hwema reagents, inogara iri yakaenzana uye yakaenzana ne 0.5746 mg.

Kuwedzerwa kwekodzero ye arsenic acid

Sezvinozivikanwa, H ₃ AsO _4, kufanana ne- orthophosphoric asidi, is electrolyte yepakati masimba. Makirasi awo akachena akajeka akapararira mumhepo uye ane maitiro 2H ₃ AsO ₄ x H ₂ O. mahari ayo ayo akaumbwa nesimbi yealkali (zvose zviri pakati nepakati uye acidic) ane pH mumvura zvinogadzirisa zvinopfuura 7. Lithium, potassium, sodium uye ammonium arsenates Inokurumidza kusungunuka mumvura, uye inosara yega yega salts haina kuparara mairi. Arsenic acid ndiyo yakanaka inogadzirisa. Mukusanganiswa kweiyo-oxidation-kuderedza, inoderedzwa kuva arsenic acid kana arsine.

H ₃ AsO ₄ + 2e + 2H ⁺ = H ₃ AsO ₃ + H ₂ O

H ₃ AsO ₄ + 8e + 8H ⁺ = AsH ₃ + 4H ₂ O

Mukuwedzera, arsenic acid inogadzirisa oxyidizes zvakasiyana-siyana masimbi, sulphite uye iodide acids, uyewo hydrogen sulphide.

Kugadzira arsenic acid

Pasi pemamiriro e laboratori, H ₃ AsO ₄ inogona kuwanikwa nekuita kwe arsenic sesquioxide ne nitric acid pakupisa. Muzvigadzirwa, oxidhi ye-nitrogen yakawanda uye H ₃ AsO ₄ inowanikwa _. Imwe nzira yekuwana iyi ndiyo kuparadzwa kweArsenic oxide mumvura. Kazhinji, nokuda kwekugadzirira kwayo, panguva imwechete yeakisii uye hydrolysis ye trialkylarsenites ne hydrogen peroxide solution inopiswa kusvika 50 ° C inoshandiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mvura uye doro zvakabviswa kubva pane zvinosanganiswa zvinosanganiswa. Mhinduro yacho inobva yasvibiswa uye arsenic acid yekunakisisa inowanikwa. Muzvisikwa, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kweArsenic acid zvinoshandiswa mumaminerari: arsenolite uye arsenopyrite, iyo mari iyo inopfuma mumatunhu eChelyabinsk neCita eRussia Federation.

Kushandiswa kweH3AsO4

Tichifunga nezvekuti ortho-arsenic acid ndiyo imwe yezvinonyanya kukuvadza. Kushandiswa kwaro mumabhizimisi uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hahukwanisi. Mazamu akawanda anowanzoonekwa - arsenates, ane tsvina yakawanda kudarika yeH ₃ AsO ₄ pachako.Naizvozvo, mumhizha rehuni pamwe ne zinc sulphate uye sodium munyu wepentachlorophenol, arsenic acid inoshandiswa pakugadzira matanda. Iyi nzira inoderedza kurasikirwa kubva pakuparadzwa kwe cellulose kuburikidza nehutachiona hwehutachiona uye mhondi yehuni dzinogadziriswa. Muchirapa, H ₃ AsO ₄ inoshandiswa sechikamu chechirwere "Atoxil" pakurapa zvirwere zveprotozoal, zvakadai se giardiasis, balantidiasis, isospore.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti utachiona hwehuwandu hune hutachiona uchangobva kuwedzera zvinoshamisa. Kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana - somuenzaniso, utachiona kuburikidza nezvokudya zvine spores zveprotozoa, kuburikidza nekupiswa kwezvipembenene kana kuburikidza zvepabonde. Arsenic acid inoshandiswa sechinhu chekutanga kubva mukugadzirwa kwemagalazi e-optical, uyewo mune magetsi emagetsi. IH ₃ AsO ₄ inogadzirwa, iyo sodium inyu, inoshandiswa zvinobudirira mu dermatology uye phthisiology. Arsenic mishonga inoshandiswa mukurapa mazino (arsenic paste) sechirwere chinoshandiswa kuderedza kushushikana kwekunzwa kweropa rinoputika kana rakabviswa kubva mumvura inopinza.

Mhedzisiro yeAidhi mumuviri womunhu

Sezvatotaurwa, H ₃ AsO ₄ inopinda kirasi yechipiri yezvengozi yakakura - zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvikuru. Kufa ndiyo miviri yeaidhi iyo pachayo nemashira ayo munharaunda ye15 kusvika 150 mg kilogram yehutatu hwemuviri. Pamwe chete nehuwandu hwehutu hunopisa, arsenic acid inokonzera necrosis yeganda uye mucous membrane yomuviri: mapapu, mudumbu, mumatumbo.

Murabhoreti, paunenge uedza kuongororwa ne arsenates uye H ₃ AsO ₄ , kushandiswa kwemagetsi edziviriro kunomanikidzwa, uye kuedza pachako kunoitwa pasi pehodhi. Mukana wekudhakwa pachikero chesekeri, iyo inymic system inoputsanurwa, semakemikari asingasviki. Mumumuviri womunhu, kutyisa ne arsenates kunotungamirira paresis uye kunyange kupora. Mune inocology, chemotherapy nekusagamuchirwa ne-dosing regimen inodzokorora mhirizhonga ye myarsenol uye novarsenol. Kubatsirwa kwokutanga muhupfu hunokonzerwa nesarts ye arsenic acid ndiko kushambidzwa kwemuviri mudumbu (somuenzaniso, pamwe nesarudzo ye unithiol kana kugadzirira silicon dioxide).

Kuchengetedza kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwemazino, chirongwa che hemodialysis chinorayirwa. Sekuzvidzivirira, kuwedzera kune 5% solution ye unithiol, zvinopesana naStrizhevsky zvinogona kushandiswa. Pamberi pekufambisa ambulensi inosvika pamba, sarudzo ye citric acid inogona kushandiswa kuderedza huwandu hwekudhakwa, zvino inobvisa kurutsa uye kushambidza mudumbu. Mishonga yose yezvehutano inofanira kuitwa nehutano hwakasimba hwevhesi pamusana pekutarisirwa kwechiremba.