Idzo pfungwa dze "socialism", "rusununguko", "conservatism"

Socialist, rusununguko, kuchengetedzeka ndiwo maitiro anozivikanwa zvikuru efilosofi uye mune zvematongerwo enyika mune zve sayenzi yemazuva ano. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, anarchism uye Marxism zvakare vakazivikanwa zvikuru, asi iye zvino vari kuwana vashoma vatsigiri.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuziva nekukwanisa kusiyanisa zvose izvi zvemagariro evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika kuitira kuti unzwisise huzivi, hutano, hutano hwevanhu uye hurumende.

Dzidziso dzakasununguka

Socialist, liberalism, conservatism ndezvemagariro ezvematongerwo enyika, avo vanomiririra ndivo vanonyanya kumira mumapurisa enyika dzakapoteredza nyika. Ngationgororei pamusoro pezvo.

Kunyanya kuzivikanwa muzana remakore rechi20 kwakagamuchira hurumende yezvino. Rusununguko runomiririra rusununguko rwekodzero uye rusununguko rwemunhu chero upi zvake, pasinei nehukama hwavo, chitendero, kutendwa uye hukama hwevanhu. Izvi zvinoisa kodzero idzi uye rusununguko kupfuura zvose, kuzivisa kukosha kwavo. Uyezve, pasi pekusununguka vanomiririra hwaro hwehupenyu hwehupfumi uye hwemagariro.

Kufuridzirwa kwechechi nehurumende kumasangano ehurumende kunodzorwa zvakasimba uye hakugoneki maererano nemutemo. Chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti vanhu vanoda hurumende vari kutsvaga, mvumo yekuzvitaura pachena, kusarudza chitendero kana kuramba, kuti vasarudze zvakasarudzwa mukusarudzo kwakasarudzwa uye kuzvimirira kune avo vanosarudzwa.

Muhupenyu hwehupfumi, socialism, liberalism, conservatism vari kutengesa pane zvakakosha zvakasiyana. Vakasununguka vari mukuda kwekugadzirisa kusakwana kwedzimba yega, yekutengeserana pachena uye yebhizimisi.

Mumunda wezvemitemo, hukuru hwemutemo pamusoro pematavi ose esimba inokosha. Pamberi pemagwaro emurairo munhu wese akaenzana, pasinei nehutano hwevanhu uye hwemari. Kuenzanisa kusununguka, kuchengetedza, hukama hwevanhu hunotibatsira kurangarira zviri nani uye kuziva kuti imwe neimwe yezviitiko izvi yakasiyana kubva kune umwe.

Socialism

Socialism inowedzera mutemo wekururamisira kwevanhu. Uyewo kuenzana uye rusununguko. Muchirevo chakapisisa chemashoko, socialism inzvimbo yehutano inogara kune iri pamusoro apa.

Chinangwa chepasi rose chekushushikana kwevanhu ndiko kukanganisa kwehutongerwo enyika uye chivako mune ramangwana revanhu vakakwana - communism. Iyi sangano remagariro inofanirwa kupedzisa mhemberero yevanhu uye inova kutanga kwezvitsva zvayo, nhoroondo yezvokwadi, "vanovamba uye vanofunga nezvekuita izvi vanochengeta. Zvose zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa uye zvinoshandiswa kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.

Socialist, liberalism, conservatism inopesana mumitemo yavo mikuru. Vanhu vanogara mune zvematongerwe enyika vane kurambwa kwepfuma yega pachake nekuda kwevanhu, uye kuiswa kwehutungamiri hwevanhu pamusoro pekushandisa kwezvisikwa zvezvisikwa uye zvigadzirwa. Zvose zviri muhurumende zvinonzwisiswa sezvakajairika - iyi ndeimwe yemitemo inokosha yekudzidzisa.

Conservatism

Chinhu chikuru mu conservatism ndechokuteerera kune tsika, tsika dzakagadzirwa nemirairo, pamwe chete nedzidziso dzechitendero. Kuchengetedza tsika uye masangano ehurumende aripo ndiyo chinhu chikuru kune avo vanochengetedza vari kutaura.

Muzvematongerwo enyika, kukosha kweiyo ndeye huripo uye hurumende yakarongeka. Vashandi vanochengetedza zvikamu zvinopesana nehuwandu hwekuchinja humwe, eenzanisei nekunetseka.

Mune mutemo wenyika, vateereri vezvinangwa izvi vanofunga nezvekusimbisa kuchengetedzwa pasi pesimba rekunze, vachibvumira kushandiswa kwesimba kugadzirisa kukakavadzana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, hukama hwehukama hunochengetedzwa nevakashamwaridzana vevanhu, vasingavimbi nevatsva pamwe chete.

Anarchism

Kutaura nezvekusununguka, conservatism, socialism, anarchism haigoni kuregererwa. Icho chizivo chezvematongerwe enyika icho chinobva pakusununguka kwakakwana. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndiko kuparadzwa kweimwe nzira inobvira yekushandiswa kweumwe munhu nemumwe.

Panzvimbo yesimba, anarchists vanokurudzira kuiswa kwekubatsirana kwakabatana pakati pevanhu. Vane masimba, mumaonero avo, vanofanira kubviswa, sezvo zvichibva mukudzvinyirirwa kwevamwe vose nevapfumi nehuwandu hwevanhu.

Zvose hukama muhutano hunofanira kunge huchibva pane zvaunofarira munhu mumwe nomumwe, pamwe nekubvumirana kwake nokuzvidira, huwandu hwekubatsirana pamwe uye mutoro wega. Chinhu chikuru ndechokubviswa kwezvimwe zviratidzo zve simba.

Marxism

Kuti tinyatsodzidza conservatism, rusununguko, socialism, Marxism, zvinokoshawo kuziva uye kunzwisisa. Iyi dzidziso yakasara yakanyatsoratidzirwa pamasangano akawanda evanhu mumakore ekuma20.

Iyi dzidziso yefilosofi yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi19 naKarl Marx naFriedrich Engels. Panguva imwecheteyo, gare gare, mapoka akasiyana-siyana uye masangano ezvematongerwe enyika kazhinji anotsanangura dzidziso iyi nenzira yavo pachavo.

Muzvokwadi, Marxism ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzechishumo, vane zvakawanda zvakafanana mune zvose. Zvitatu zvikamu zvakakosha munyaya iyi. Nhoroondo yezvokunyama, apo nhoroondo yevanhu vevanhu inonzwisiswa sechinhu chaiye chechiitiko chezvakaitika kare. Uyewo dzidziso yehuwandu hunokosha, apo mutengo wokupedzisira wezvinhu zvisingagadziriswi nemitemo yemusika, asi zvinongotarirwa chete pamabasa akashandiswa pakugadzirwa kwayo. Mukuwedzera, nheyo yeMarxism ndiyo pfungwa yekudzvinyirira kwehuwandu hwematongerwo enyika.

Kuenzanisa kwezvesayenzi dzidziso

Kuti unzwisise zvakajeka kuti imwe neimwe yezvinorevei zvinoreva, zvakanakisisa kushandisa mibvunzo kuti uenzanise. Munyaya iyi, kusununguka, kuchengetedza, uye hukama hwemagariro evanhu huchaonekwa sezviri pachena uye zvakajeka pfungwa.

Chinhu chinokosha ndechokunzwisisa - basa rehurumende muhupenyu hwehupfumi mune imwe neimwe yezviitiko izvi, nzvimbo yekugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu, uye mune imwe nzira inoona zviyero zvekusununguka kwemunhu.