Muzivi Friedrich Shona: Biography uye mabasa

Friedrich Shona, uyo Biography zvikuru nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda, aibva mumhuri Whitehead Textile mugadziri, asi kubudirira panguva. mai vake rakanga akangwara, zvakanaka, aiva uchifara, aida unyanzvi uye mabhuku. Frederick aiva 8 hama nehanzvadzi. Kupfuura zvose, akanga kuda Mary. Funga zvakare pane yakakurumbira Friedrich Shona. Biography, okugadzira zvinhu, pfungwa vanonziwo munyaya.

youth

Friedrich Shona (akararama 1820-1895) akaberekerwa Barmen. Muguta rino, akaenda-makore 14 kuchikoro uye chikoro Elberfeld. Panguva kuomerera baba vake akanga 1837th akasiya zvidzidzo zvake, akatanga kushanda kambani dzokutengeserana muridzi ne mhuri. Muna August 1838 kusvika April 1841 Friedrich Shona, pikicha iyo chinopiwa munyaya akapfuurira kudzidza panguva dzakagadzirirwa kutengeserana. dzidzo ichi akagamuchira muna Valenza. Ikoko akawana wenhau. Ava nemakore 18, Friedrich Shona (rokuzvarwa musi November 28) akanyora nyaya yake yokutanga. Kubva September 1841 mberi, akashanda muBerlin. Imomo vaiva nomukana kuenda kuyunivhesiti hurukuro uye vanosangana pamwe Young Hegelians.

Friedrich Shona: A Biography (pfupiso kugara England kubva 1842 kusvika 1844).

Muna November 1842, akanga achipfuura Cologne. Muguta rino, akanga musangano wake wokutanga pamwe Marx. Zvino akashandiswa "Rheinische Zeitung". Zvinofanira akati kuti chitsva shamwari vakamutora zvikuru chando. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti Marx vakatenda Hegelians ake vaduku. Uye pfungwa dzavo havana anotsigirwa. Pashure paizvozvo Friedrich Shona akaenda Manchester. Ikoko oda apedzise dzidzo yake donje chigayo baba vake. MuEngland, akapedza anenge makore maviri. Pano akasangana naye Irish Lydia uye Meri Berns. With vose kuguma mazuva ake asati akaramba inodziya pabonde. Nenguva iyo Maria aiva wokutanga, uye Lydia - mukadzi wake wechipiri. With vaviri, aigara kwevagari ukama. Asi pamwe rokutanga uye rechipiri, akabuda pamusoro pemisimboti rufu Shona ose akapedzisa chakarongwa muchato.

echimurenga matanho

Friedrich Shona, Biography uye mabasa ari zvakabatana chaizvo kune zviitiko kwakaitika kubasa, kuEngland, ndakakwanisa tinyatsoziva hwemazuva upenyu kushanda vanhu, vakazochinja akanga ari ake maonero chinokosha zvikuru. Pano akatanga kudyidzana rake "League of Just" (echimurenga sangano iyoyo), uyewo Chartists muLeeds. MuEngland, vakatanga kuenda nyaya yake kuti bhuku Owenisten, dzakanga anobudiswa "North Star". Mukuwedzera, tsamba yakanga zvinoitiswa "Rheinische Zeitung". In November 1843rd Friedrich Shona akanyora nyaya pamusoro utongi hwechiKomonisiti iri kondinendi European. In February 1844 tsamba yokutanga akazviratidza mumabhuku German-French wepagore. Paaigara kuEngland, aiva kuziva Nyanduri uye Trade Manager Werth. Gare gare, aizova musoro mbiru satirical nyaya dziri echimurenga nguva mu "Neue Rheinische Zeitung".

Friedrich Shona: A Biography kubvira 1844 kusvika 1845.

Yokutanga zvinokosha Nemhaka pakudzidza enyika upfumi yaiva nyaya vakasuwa 1844. It Friedrich Shona akaedza kuenzanisira kupokanidzana capitalist munzanga. Iye vakapomera Bourgeois apologetics nesayenzi ari mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Neimwe, ichi ndicho nyaya akaita Marx basa zvoupfumi mabhuku. Muna 1844 akauya Nyaya yokutanga iri-French German Yearbook. Ake rakabudiswa Marx uye Ruge muParis. nyaya New vava chikonzero refu tsamba. Paaienda Germany, Friedrich Shona uye Karl Marx akasangana kechipiri. Panguva ino, mhepo yakanga noushamwari. Ivo vaviri vakasvika pakugumisa kuti maonero avo ndiwo emavambo zvakafanana. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Friedrich Shona uye Karl Marx akatanga dzinoshanda.

mudariro itsva

Muna 1845-m, vakadzokera Germany uye Fridrih Shona akanyorera basa rakakura riri ezvinhu vashandi muEngland. Pakazosvika nguva akatanga kuva zvinetso ukama nababa vake. Uyezve, zvinetso zvakamuka nemapurisa (nokuti iye pasi nokuongororwa). Marx aivawo zvakaoma pamwe mutemo French. Zvose izvi kumanikidzwa shamwari kutamira Belgium. nyika iyi kwainzi panguva iyoyo kupfuura vakasununguka Europe. In July 1845 shamwari vakaenda England. Ikoko vakasangana pamwe vamiririri "League of Just" uye Chartists zhinji. Vadzokera kweBrussels muna 1846 pamusoro Communist Committee yakatangwa. Yakanga rakapotsa muviri kuita paishandiswa basa pakati Socialist kuEurope inoti zvose. Pamberi muzhizha 1846, ivo akakurukura yokukakavadzniswa-zvinhu maonero, sezvo vakaratidza gare gare muna ravaigona basa "dzidziso German". In basa iri takaendeswa vaishora maonero avo Feuerbach kwakaita pfuma uye idealism rejaya Hegelians. Mukupera Muzhizha 1846 Friedrich Shona akatanga kunyora kuti French pakadhindwa La Réforme, uye kubvira muna 1847 kuti kutanga pepanhau reGermany-kweBrussels. Mugore iroro gore League of Just akagamuchira mukana kupinda kwayo sezvamunoita. Shona uye Marx akarikunda. Naizvozvo, havana zvakabetsera renaming ari sangano kuna League kuti vaKomonisiti. First Congress akarayira Marx kutanga mashoko gwaro "yechiKomonisiti chitendwa." Gare gare vakaumba hwaro Manifesto of Communist Party.

Revolution pamusoro 1948-1949.

Pakazosvika nguva tinoziva ani Fridrih Shona muna madenderedzwa zhinji. Munguva chimurenga iye, pamwe chete bhururu wake, akanyora zvinhu nokuti yakanga ichangotangwa Rheinische Zeitung. In basa redu, kutaura zvaidiwa Communist Party mu Germany, vakanga vaipikisa aina echimurenga zviitiko munyika. Muna 1848, sezvo chikamu boka kurovedzera Shona vakatamira Cologne. Pano akanyora nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro June yemuna kuParis. Iye rakarumbidza chiitiko sezvo wokutanga hondo pakati proletariat uye bourgeoisie. Muna September 1848 akamanikidzwa kusiya Germany. nguva ino akaregera muna wekuLausanne (guta Swiss). Pane akaramba achishingaira kunyorerana "Neue Rheinische Zeitung". In wekuLausanne Shona akatora chikamu pabasa racho. Muna January 1949 akadzokera Cologne. Ikoko akanyora nyaya pamusoro National yerusununguko of Italian uye Hungarian kwevanhu.

hondo yevanhu venyika imwe

Zvakatanga kumaodzanyemba-nechokumadokero uye vokumadokero nharaunda German muna May 1849. Muna June gore rino, Shona wevashumiri Vanhu Palatinate uye Baden hondo. Akatora chikamu hondo kuzorwa Prussia uye Elbertfeldskom chimurenga. Panguva iyoyowo akatanga kuziva Becker. Last Baden akatungamirira nevakawanda nemishonga. Mushure mechinguva Pane ushamwari hwakasimba pakati pavo vachadaro. Mushure uto echimurenga vakakundwa, Shona anoenda kutanga kuSwitzerland uye ipapo kuEngland.

Kushanda Communist League

Muna November 1849, Shona akasvika London. Pane kuramba basa rake muna Union. Mumakore akatevera akanyora wandei nyaya dzakasiyana. Zvikurukuru, mumwe wokutanga waiva mugumisiro echimurenga zviitiko. Achitaura ari nhengo Central Committee of Union, Shona akanyora nyaya, kukumbira nhengo dzesangano. Panguva iyo vakatora nzvimbo hondo Schapper uye Willich, muna. Vakadana kukurumidza chimurenga. Shona akataurawo pamusoro uchinzvera aya, vakatya kutsemura of Union. The weboka sangano zvose zvakaitika mumatsutso 1850.

journalistic basa

Muna 1850, Shona akasvika Manchester. Ikoko akashanda kutengesa kambani wababa vake, akasiya mwanakomana wake kuita zvavakanga vachida kuita. Papera nguva, Shona ayo chikamu richiri kutengeswa. mari yake, kusanganisira kunyora yakanga yakakwana kune chinhu hazvitadzise. Uyezve, kubva mari ayo akapa mari rubatsiro Marx. Last apo kugara imwe zvakaoma chinzvimbo. Shona akanyora kuti New York "Daily Tribune" pepanhau. Pakati nyaya nayo pfungwa pokuchinja muGermany. Vari vatsvene mibvunzo mazano kutungamirira hondo zvombo. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Friedrich Shona - muvambi Marxism.

misoro muchiuto

Shona aiva kumbonyanya akapfuma upenyu ruzivo. It zvakamubatsira kuva nyanzvi muchiuto. Akanyora anoverengeka nyaya vakazvipira nyaya zvechiuto. Pakati pavo paiva chinyorwa ezvinhu China neIndia, muUnited States. Articles vakanga vakazvitsaurira kuna Italo-Franco-yeAustria uye Franco-Prussian War. manotsi "Navy" uye "Army" yakabudiswa Encyclopedia Americana. Munguva Italian hondo Shona yakabudisa kusazivikanwa turakiti rakanzi "Po uye Rhine". Pakapera hondo pakanyorwa nyaya savoy, Nice uye Rhine. Muna 1865 zvakanga akasunungurwa bhurocha riri mubvunzo Prussian muchiuto uye German Workers Party. Vazhinji nyaya ake aivagamuchira vaverengi mabasa rakanyorwa Prussian mukuru. Hurumende Prussia pacharo kanoverengeka akaedza remuSamoa kuwana Kuregwa Marx uye Shona.

pasi rose

Kubvira pakaguma September 1864-fung Shona pakati vatungamiriri ayo. Akatanga vanoshingaira pamwe Liebknecht uye Bebel. Pamwe chete ivo vakarwa paumbwe SDLP muGermany uye Lassalleanism. Muna October 1870, Shona kuLondon. Kubva 1871 aishanda sezvo nhengo General Council of International, unoenderana munyori Spain uye Belgium, uye ipapo kuItaly. Pane musangano muLondon, Shona akadana paumbwe munyika nerimwe echimurenga dzebato vashandi. Saizvozvowo ivo vakati kuti kudiwa wakateya udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat.

pachako basa

Kubva 1873 akatanga kunyora sezvo muzivi wokuGermany. Friedrich Shona akatanga kushanda "Dialectics pamusoro Nature". In basa izvi aifanira kupa yokukakavadzniswa zvinhu zvavo zvose nebudiriro rwokuzvarwa nesayenzi. Kunyora zvinyorwa kwemakore 10. Asi Shona basa iri kumbobvira kwangopera. Muna 1872-73 gg. akarondedzera redzimba mubvunzo, simba, mabhuku emigre. Muna 1875 akatanga pamwe chete Marx musi Lassallean akatsoropodza vaitaura kuti purogiramu vashandi German 'bato. In 1877-78. zvimwe zvinhu pamusoro Dühring rakabudiswa. Gare gare, vakaenda mumwe shanduro. basa iri anonzi kupfuura yakasimba vose, iye akasika nokusingaperi. In March 1883 Marx akafa. Kubvira ipapo yakatanga nani yakaoma kumwedzi.

mberi basa

Pakafa Marx, basa rose okuguma uye bhuku rechipiri uye rechitatu zvemaBhaibheri "Capital" wakawira Shona. Saka, chokwadi, aishanda kusvikira parufu rwake. Panguva iyoyowo, zvisinei, havana yapiwa uye pachake nemabasa. Muna 1884 nayo apedza basa, razova mumwe kiyi mukunzwisisa Marxism. Rinotsanangura yakatangira mamiriro, chaiyo uye mhuri. Muna 1886 akauya rimwe basa rinokosha vakazvipira Feuerbach. The 1894th yakabudiswa basa riri mubvunzo murimi mudiki muGermany uye France. It pakarwiwa vakawanda pauperization vemo.

Kudyidzana pamwe kuipandukira Russian

Shona, Kunyanya kufarira zvinhu munyika. Akakwanisa vagadze chokuita Lopatin, Lavrov, Volkhov nevamwe kumhanya-anotyisa. Ivo zvikuru chaizvo mabasa Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky. Shona akaona kuhukukutu hwemwoyo yavo hunhu, kutsungirira, kuzvipira. Panguva iyoyo yakanga vakatsoropodza populist zvinonyengera dzavo. Zvakanyatsorongwa iye yakambotora Zasulich uye Plekhanov. Mufaro. akasangana nemashoko akanaka pamusoro dzidzo Russian neshamwari kushamwaridzana "Kusunungurwa of Labor". Shona aitarisira kuti kukwanisa kurarama kusvikira nguva apo Russia achange maguta tsarism uye kukunda pamusoro mugovanisi chimurenga.

A rinokosha iri kufamba

Shona zvakarurama vaiona muvambi zvinhu pamuviri nhoroondo. Iye, pamwe chete bhururu wake, kubudiswa kunze Bourgeois enyika upfumi. Pamwe chete Marx, iye akasika yokukakavadzniswa pfuma, zvesayenzi communism. In dzinotevedzana mabasa ake, akataura chiratidzo mutsva ari kunyatsoteerera enderana chimiro, akasimbisa ayo zvinokosha, yokungotaura matsime. Zvose izvi vakabatsira zvikuru mukukunda pfungwa Marxism munyika dzakawanda vashandi 'kufamba mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Munguva kukura dzidziso socioeconomic idzodzo, rakachengetedzwa inorondedzerwa dzakananga mapatani wandei pave chinyakare munzanga, zvekare uye feudal panguva. Zvakanga akatsanangurira kwaita private pfuma, nokuumbwa makirasi, kusikwa ehurumende. Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, Shona akateerera zvikuru matambudziko ukama pakati ezvoupfumi kunyatsogona, enyika uye pfungwa superstructures. Kunyanya pakubata kwake rinosimbisa kuti tinofanira kutsanangura hombe kukanganisa evanhu upenyu enyika pfungwa mamwe makirasi, avo kutamburira kutonga, uye dzidziso uye dzepamutemo ukama. Shona airidza chihombe basa kukura kwezvinhu Marxist dzidziso ounyanzvi uye mabhuku. Zvimwe zvinhu nesayenzi vava kupfuura mugumisiro mupiro wake kuti kudzidzisa. Pakati pavo - dzidziso mitemo yokukakavadzniswa rwokuzvarwa sayenzi uye hunhu, zvechiuto uye hondo.

Mupiro kuna basa racho

Shona uye Marx vakasimbirira kubatana yokungotaura uye zvinonyatsoshanda. Ivo anorenda zvakagadzira purogiramu nesayenzi, nzira uye mazano pamusoro proletariat. Vakakwanisa kupembedza basa rwekuita kirasi soMusiki kwenzanga itsva, kudiwa paumbwe imwe echimurenga webato, vakatakura mugovanisi chimurenga vagadze udzvinyiriri vashandi. Shona uye Marx vakava vanyatsowana internationalism. Ndivo wokutanga kuwadzana vashandi dzakawanda dzakatangwa.

Jobs asati afa

Mumakore achangopfuura, services Shona kunyanya guru. Panguva ino akanga ava kukwanisa kuva Marxist sayenzi, rokuvandudza nzira uye nzira dzinoshandiswa manyoro yokungotaura kunanga. Mukuwedzera, vakatanga kurwisana pamusoro kuruboshwe mapoka uye opportunism, dogmatism mukati mugovanisi kumapati. Mumakore achangopfuura, akashanda ari wechitatu Vhoriyamu "Capital". In kuwedzeredza, akataura zvimwe zvinhu zviri runozivisa wokudzora - itsva padanho kukura capitalism. Munguva mabasa ose Shona, pamwe bhururu wake uye co-munyori vaiona chisimba Anti-capitalist kushanduka sezvo yokupedzisira pavaipfuura hondo pakati bourgeoisie uye proletariat. Asi pashure nezvezviitiko 1848-49. vava zvikuru kudhakwa tinyatsonzwisisa rugwaro kunetsana vashandi kodzero dzavo. The 1894th Shona utano hwaipa yekudyidzana. Doctors nechirwere naye kenza yegurokuro. Muna 1895, 5 August, akafa. In ake okupedzisira uye muviri yakanga cremated. The urn namadota akanga akatura mugungwa pa Eastbourne.