Company uzivi - chii ichi?

Kutarira muuzivi vanhu haangaparadzaniswi kubva uzivi hwevanhu, kunyange haagarimo pacharo kuti dingindira iri. Chero pavaipfuura kukura, vanhu - chinhu chisinganzwisisiki, chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda sangano rine siyana, yakarukwa nemumwe kukurukurirana, izvo zvinosanganisira ukama hwevanhu. vanhu upenyu haagarimo upenyu vanhu dzarwo chete. Society creatively nokuumba siyana pakunamata uye zvinhu tsika, izvo zvisina kusikwa nevanhu. Somuenzaniso, ano uye uri, ose masangano, sainzi namarimi, mutemo, tsika uye zvematongerwo enyika, uzivi pakupedzisira ... Ndicho kunzwisisa uye dzinopesana interweaving kwevanhu zviito, zvabuda uye kufambidzana chinokosha nzanga yose muviri.

tsananguro kwouzivi

The dzinonakidza ndechokuti nzanga uzivi - ndiwo husingaoneki pfungwa. Hazvina evasingatombonamati yokungotaura. Chaizvoizvo, pane mhando chaizvo zvakananga munzanga nedzimwe nhoroondo midzi uye nezvimiro: marudzi ekare, feudal, asiatic umambo, etc. Kana totaura chaiyo sangano revanhu, zvinofanira hazvo kuva chiratidzo wevakadzidza unhu boka iri ... Munhu wose anoziva chinhu chakadai imwe "mhuri -. Ari chikwata sero nzanga" Kunewo zvakasiyana munzanga, zera, shamwari dzinza revanhu. Uyezve, pfungwa "vanhu" vari uzivi - kuzivikanwa ichi pamwe nehurumende. Asi zvinonzi tichienzanisa yose yokuti "nyika munharaunda."

Philosophy uye pfungwa nezuva

Chero bedzi munhu haafungi nezvokuti munzanga dzakadaro, zvinoita sokuti dzidziso iyi iye zvinozivikanwa. Hwezuva nezuva kufunga vanhu - vose vakakomberedza vanhu vatinosangana kukurukura uye vari kure nesu, asiwo nhengo chete muvanhu. Worudzii vanhu tiri kurarama, izvozvo zvinoenderana unhu hwedu. Modern munzanga uzivi - vanzwisise kuti anenge yakabuda pamusoro XVII-XVIII emakore anoonga chitange European tsika. Asi etymological zvinoreva vanhu mumitauro yakawanda - ishoko kunozivisa asiri murume oga, uye vamwe muunganidzwa vanhu vakabatana.

mhando vanhu

Modern vanhu ane mumatanho maviri inotungamirwa: maindasitiri uye postindustrial. Nechekare pakupera ari XVIII remakore, pfungwa veruzhinji, yaisanganisira tsika, tsika vanhu vose. самодеятельностью, самоуправлением населения, участием в политической жизни простых людей . Zvaidavirwa kuti munzanga kwakadaro haisi rinotungamirirwa neHurumende, uye dzakasiyana mudzidzi, kuzvitonga vakawanda, kuita upenyu enyika zvevanhuwo zvavo.

Zvinofadza kuti kunyange zvavo vanhu havasi vaiona nhengo vanhu. Naizvozvo, kubudikidza tsanangudzo, panguva, nzanga uzivi - chiri vakakwirira, ane maoko dzichiitika simba uye upfumi. Nhasi, rezasi chikamu munharaunda inonzi Upper Light, vapfumi yacho.

tsika

More Plato naAristotle vakanga dzoga nzanga rutivi mamiriro, kusanganisira chete vagari vakasununguka. Varanda asingagoni kunzi nenhengo dzaro. Asi kunyange munguva dzekare, vanhu yave vashoma. Mushure French Revolution vakachinja enyika chiso Europe, uye pfungwa "nharaunda yevanhu" rinoshandiswa Mupfungwa yakazara. Zvino rava nevakawanda ani kuratidza vanhu uye chishuvo chavo kuita zvematongerwo enyika uye upenyu vanhuwo zvavo, ruzhinji kwevanhu.

Chii basa uzivi munzanga uye ruzivo hurongwa

Somunhu sainzi, uzivi hwagara nezvezvandaifanira zivo masayendisiti munyika, asi panguva imwe chete riri kunonyanyisa kuratidza zvido zvikurukuru makirasi uye sectors munzanga. sainzi ichi, sezvo munhu wose gadziriro pfungwa pamusoro nyika, rinosanganisira dzematongerwe enyika munzanga mukirasi. Somugumisiro yakawedzera nebope nzvimbo pakati nomumwe uzivi. Sezvo basa uzivi munzanga kukanganisa pfungwa dzaro, chinhu chinokosha kudzidza ezvinhu ruzivo mune zvesayenzi enyika.

A chinokosha chikamu ruzivo ouzivi aesthetics. Kutanga maonero ouzivi nyika, creators zvayo zvinofanira rusununguko pfungwa runako uye kuwirirana. Kwouzivi sayenzi chokuita unyanzvi, sezvinoratidzwa basa Camus, Roerich, Čiurlionis, Tagore, Goethe nevamwe vanyori.

Muitiro pakukoka pfungwa 'vanhu'

Zvakarurama refu uye gakava nzira paumbwe vanhu kwapfuura pamberi ukaisa evanhu vemazuva ano. Uzivi kwagara rinotarisa pakudzidza mitemo kuvapo uye kuziva nzira kuti mutemo ukama munzanga. Muitiro rokuumba pfungwa "vanhu" kwave refu, nharo uye kunzwisisa. Kuchine dzimwe nyika apo vakadzi havana kodzero dzokuvhota. Panewo mamiriro apo yezvinoreva yose muvanhu akatunhidzwa kwevanhu.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri vaiona XVIII remakore kunze, kushandura upfumi achitungamirirwa Europe. Izvi nokuda kwemaindasitiri, kana kuti kutsiva mhuri workshop akauya pamwero mukuru indasitiri pamwe vanobhadharwa vashandi. Urbanization uye maindasitiri kuparuka evanhu vemazuva ano. Philosophy sayenzi, zvakare, haana vakamira uye akatanga nokukurumidza kukura.

Rusununguko vagari uye dzidzo yavo nokukurumidza akatanga kukura. Upfumi kwakagonesa vakawanda kuwana tsoka dzavo. Izvi zvakakonzera kupararira pfungwa "ndivanaani" uye vanhuwo vagari, uyo kusvikira ichangobva haana vaiona kuti dzakazara munzanga. законом . Ndakatanga kuva munhu mutsva chimiro munzanga - gutsaruzhinji, kwakavakirwa kuenzana mumwe munhu pamberi mutemo. The flagship kuti maindasitiri mu Europe akaita se England akapa inomera kuti maindasitiri kukura, vakasununguka zvebhizimisi, uye mutemo mutsva.

Zvinhu zvoupenyu, hunhu uye vanhu

Philosophy sezvo pasocial nesayenzi kudzidza murume wake zvakavapoteredza, apo hunhu uye zvinovanetsa. Naizvozvo, rimwe huru pamusoro kuongorora nzanga mafungiro ayo nechisikirwo chacho siyana pakubhadhara. Zvinhu uzivi pachena zvinhu zviri interrelations pakati murume uye hunhu :

• nemagene Link;
• kushanduka;
• anthropogenesis nemagariro Genesis;
• hwedzidziso yekurarama kubatana.

Pfungwa yokuti "zvisikwa" - hwaro chokuvapo kwevanhu, panobva zvakafanira zvinhu, zvinhu uye zvinhu. Epistemological, kubatana kwomudzimu, izvo zvakasikwa uye vanhu, uzivi se chimiro zvishande basa vanhu uye nemamiriro mupfungwa uye mupfungwa dzavo isimbe.

"Nature" zvoruzivo - kwakafanana shoko "runyararo", "nyaya", "zvose", "kuva". Zvinorevawo musimboti mananara zhinji (hunhu magetsi, chirwere, etc ...); panyaya vanhu anodzivisa dzinongoitika masango (zvose hazvina mugumisiro basa kwevanhu).

Vakawanda tinogona kutaura kuti pfungwa "zvakasikwa" inoita basa rinokosha. vanhu rinorondedzera uzivi sechikamu vemo.

kusawirirana

The Tsika mutengi pachinhu zviwanikwa kwaita kuti nokuvhiringidzirwa aipindirana zvakatipoteredza. Kutanga kubva XX remakore, zvakava pachena kuti paiva kutyisidzira kuvapo kwevanhu rose sezvo rudzi, zvikuru kwezvakatipoteredza dambudziko. Tinobvuma pakusvibiswa mvura, mhepo, ivhu, kushaya mari, kunyangarika kwezvimwe Zvirimwa uye mhuka, kuparadzwa kwemasango, kudziya kwepasi, makomba ozone, uye zvichingodaro. N. Somugumisiro, hutano Vagari yepasi hwaderera. Kuoneka aiva kudzikisirana ari Gene dziva.

Somunhu sainzi, uzivi muupenyu hwevanhu uye nzanga yasvika kuridza aitokosha zvikuru. Kuudzidza, mumwe anotanga kufunga nokusingaperi, zvinoreva upenyu uye hwomunhu basa munyika. Zvakakosha kuchinja pfungwa dzevanhu, zviri zvakare nemiviri uye "akanamatira" nenyama. The kuziva vanhu ano akanyara nevatengi. Zviri pachena, zvose zvakasikwa, nemhuka vakasikwa ave zvinobatsira kuti vanhu, asi kana musingadi kuvabata nokungwarira, nepfungwa kuonga, ipapo nokukurumidza tichava kwete chete mumamiriro ezvinhu dambudziko, asi tichangoramba kutsakatika.

vakawanda kuziva

Nhasi, kwezvakatipoteredza aiva nehanya chikuru chinoratidza achiumba kuziva yose inoti munzanga. Saka, mazuva uzivi hwevanhu, mune pfupi anokanda kukudziridza kuzvipira ruzivo uye basa vanhu pamberi yose nyika, zvisikwa zvose panyika ino, uye kunyange zvose, kuti vazive kukosha kukura uye shanduka kwayo kudzikisirana pamwe. Kana munguva ichangopfuura zvakawanda rehurumende kwezvakatipoteredza kutyisidzira vanhu akamboona chete chaiye, runako rwayo, ipapo nhasi tinonzwisisa - zviri zvakananga kukuvara utano hwedu, zvakanaka uye nechouviri.

Modern Uzivi munzanga zvakare nezvezvandaifanira hukama zvakasikwa. The puraneti rose - ndiwo muviri chete, saka vanhu vanofanira kubatana rokugadzirirsa zvakatipoteredza dambudziko. Pashure chinoshamisa hunhu haako. Zviri mumwe, uye nyika iri vatarisana nengozi. Society aiva pachikumbaridzo itsva padanho pamwe kwedu kuziva kunosanganisira pfungwa kunozivisa nokure chikonzero.

noosphere

Pfungwa iyi inoratidza wakakwirira pamwero kusangana aripo siyana nyaya, semubairo kwevanhu basa, izvo rebuilds zvinofarirwa vanhu maererano zvinodiwa biosphere, zvichiita basa rayo shanduka. Modern Kugadzirwa uzivi kambani anoona sezvo ukama pakati murume uye zvisikwa haasi nemaonero simba rake pamusoro wake, uyewo intertwining pakati yakafanana pakukura uye kudyidzana. Noosphere pfungwa rinosanganisa pfungwa kudiwa pfungwa sangano nzanga uye nekuita waro zvakasikwa, pane kwatangwa uye dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya mafungiro.

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti vanhu ariko chete kuburikidza mhenyu kwezvakatipoteredza. Modern munzanga, sezvo kwegadziriro uzivi chisingafaniri kuva kurutivi pfungwa noosphere, achaiswa vakatongerwa kutsakatika. Hakugoni kuva ratyama mafungiro kurutivi nyika. Man, somunhu, chikamu nyika hombe, uye anofanira kuzobvunza mitemo, zvainanga kuvaka uye kwete kuparadzwa. Zvikasadaro, hazvingaiti anogona kuisa vanoti kuva vanonzwisisa zvikuru munhu.