Munyika kuchengeterwa mari - zviri ... Vangani kuchengeterwa mari munyika?

Hapana chakavanzika kuti munyika yanhasi, mari ine rinorema kukosha. Chii chiri kuitika chete upfumi Russia kwakabatana zvakananga kwete chete kune mutengo ramafuta, mamiriro ezvinhu Ukraine, asiwo musika mari. Munyika kuchengeterwa mari - ndiko, pakutanga kwezvose, vamwe igwa, iro vagari Russian vanonzwa zvishoma kwaaiva akachengeteka. The Ruble hwagara zvakurukurwa asina kugadzikana chaizvo, asi akatora zvakakodzera nzvimbo musika mari. Sezvineiwo, zviri munyika kuchengeterwa mari nokuti kuti National Ruble ichangopfuura haazvibati isingagari chaizvo, vakawanda vakasarudza vachengetedze mari yavo. Rudzii mari zvinogona yakakodzera sechinhu zvakadai? Pashure pezvose, vari pamusika mari vazhinji akasiyana mari inokwana kuti anogona kunzi yakavimbika. Sei munyika chengetedza mari uye nei vakasarudzwa sezvo rudzi "vanotsvaka"?

Chii kuchengeterwa mari?

Modern mabhizimisi nzanga pasi pfungwa yose kuchengeterwa mari anonzwisisa mari dzaishandiswa, izvo zvaida mabhanga kune dzimwe inoti kuti kusikwa imwe mari reserves. Chokutanga, rinoshandiswa sechekushandisa kutengesa pakati nyika. Also kushandiswa basa dzakawanda yesangano, achitanga ukama hwakasimba pakati maviri tiite mari. Kazhinji izwi iri rinoshandiswa kureva mari dzakabatana kubhengi kuti zvemari dzimwe nemasangano. Kare, izvi zvaishandiswa mari kwakavakirwa goridhe uye mafuta pamisika, uye pakudaro kuziva kukosha zvinhu izvi. Nhasi vari ainyanya kushandiswa kuunganidza vatorwa vanochinjanwa reserves, uyewo kuwedzera ekisipoti mikana makwikwi ne simba warwo mari.

Munyika kuchengeterwa mari - inenge "yakachengeteka chairarirwa" iri huye kusagadzikana zvemari. Asi pakutanga zvinokosha kuziva kuti mari reserves zvakadai ave yakachengeteka mambure kana mari dambudziko. Hapana chakavanzika kuti kwakaderera National mari, kukurudzira izvozvo munyika chengetedza mari. Chii chaizvo - funga zvakare.

kuchengeterwa vangani mari munyika?

Kwenguva yakareba zvave kuzivikanwa kuti Reserve mari anogona kuva chero mari. Kuti aite izvi, chete vanoda kutsiga zvoupfumi munyika yaro, uyewo kusavapo nokumukirana nezvimwe ukapisa murwi. Asi kunyange kana currency akatsiga, vanobatanidzwa nyika zvokutengeserana uye kwakasimbiswa musika zvemari, hazvirevi kuti ane mamiriro kuchengeterwa chimwe. Pashure pezvose, chinzvimbo ichi wana mari chete pashure vaikudzwa Banks dzimwe nyika dziri kutanga kuzvishandisa kuti vakachengeteka pachavo padanda ravo. Saka zvinoitika kuti munyika kuchengeterwa mari - munhu mari dzaishandiswa, izvo kuita mashandiro ane pfuma twa. Pari, mari kuchengeterwa vanoonekwa anopfuura chete mari. Kutanga, zviri Chokwadi, US Dollar (USD) uye vakaita zvakafanana European mari Euro (EUR), Japanese Yen (JPY), British paundi (GBP), Franc Swiss (CHF), uyewo nevamwe vanoverengeka. Zviri mari idzi yesangano vazhinji inotaura.

Reserve Currency Dollar (USD)

The dhora akadzoka muna 1861. Zvadaro, panguva chikumbiro of Congress aidhindwa vanenge mamiriyoni 57 Banknotes. Kunyange zvazvo pamutemo musi kuberekwa dhora vachiri kuonekwa 6 July 1785. Kuti zuva rakanga pamutemo. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti dhora - kwenyika chengetedza mari №1. Zvechokwadi, mumakore gumi adarika, anopfuura 50% of zvachose dzimwe Exchange matura ose nyika dzenyika dzakaratidzwa Zvinofungidzirwa kunyatsoreva mune mari dzaishandiswa. Nei dhora ndiyo nyika kuchengeterwa mari uye kugarwa? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, unofanira kuva shoma kusvetukira mukati kupinda kare.

Kana zvakazokonzerwa Second World War atopiwa akachenurwa, zvakava pachena kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kutora zvikuru matanho. Saka, panguva inotevera Congress of chete mutengo 1 magiramu chemafuta uwandu $ 35 rakazoshandiswa. Uye kuti nyika dzakawanda aiziva US Dollar sezvo chete kugarwa uye chengetedza mari. Sezvaunoziva, munguva yehondo, upfumi America kwakaita wakatambudzika mudukusa, uye muuto negoridhe United States rave kwazvo. Mukuwedzera, United States ine bhizimisi simba. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira zvikurukuru chokwadi kuti uri kutengeswa pamusika nyika kazhinji vanoda kuti chimwe chinhu kudzoka. Izvi zvinobvumira kwete chete United States kutarira sezvinoita mutungamiri pamusoro musika nyika, asi kuti kusimbisa upfumi munyika yose. Hazvishamisi kuti panguva iyo nyika aifanira kuwedzera mubasa aina, nekuti nzira iyi kunoita kuti kuunganidza goridhe uye mari. Saizvozvo zvakaitika kuti United States mubasa aina yavo mari, akagamuchira mamiriro mudanga kupfuura nyika, uye mari atora kutungamirira nzvimbo uye zvepamusoro.

Euro (EUR) sezvo munyika chengetedza mari

Nhoroondo mari iyi ine yakatangira 1995. Zvaive munguva gore rino vari EU Madrid akasarudza "tibhabhatidze" ramangwana vanhuwo Currency gumi rinoti - "Euro". Nepo kukura chirongwa European mari rakatanga muna 1979. pfungwa iyi yaiva zvechokwadi chikuru. Pashure pezvose, pamberi kuedza zvose kusika ose fiscal pamwe vamwe mhando rakaguma zvichiva nemigumisiro ine ngozi. Uyewo dhora, euro ane rutsigiro guru dzimwe nyika, izvo anopa mukana wokuva aitungamirira mari nokuda paumbwe Exchange. Asi chokwadi chokuti nhengo European Union kutsigira mari, uye inokanganisa chokuita spasmodic kukura inoti izvi. Vaongorori vanodavira kuti munguva pfupi nokuti kuti internationalization kweeuro chamuita kuti paumbwe imwe nechirwere nyika mari ino, dhora simba achava pamusoro munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye nenharaunda. Euro chinowanzoitika kuramba mukati Central uye Eastern Europe, uye mari uchava mukati South uye East Asia, uye Latin America. Asi nhasi, tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti vaviri simba kupfuura zvenyika chengetedza mari.

Japanese Yen (JPY) - nzvimbo yechitatu

Pakuvamba, Japan Yen raiva rimwe simba kupfuura mari outiziro. Asi ayo kukurumbira Zvechokwadi ichidzikira mashomanana adarika. Uye nhasi, mari iyi ndiyo chete nzvimbo yechitatu iri pamusika mari. Yen akasikwa muna 1871, asi yakafanana nayo, kwaiva nedzimwe goridhe, sirivha uye pepa mari. Eya, international musoro vakauya kwaari May 11, 1953, chaizvo apo International Monetary Fund kwepamutemo kuwirirana ayo nendarama yairema 2.5 milligram.

Chokwadi, huwandu wawo pamusika mari yanhasi zvikuru muduku kutungamirira dhora uye euro. Asi ichi hachidzivisi Japanese Yen kutora nzvimbo yechitatu pakati munyika chengetedza mari. Izvi zvakasiyana kubva currency kuti vakwikwidzi ayo yakakwirira zvakakwana wachi liquidity yose. Uye pasinei munzvimbo yayo pakati vatungamiri, asi Yen hunokosha pazvinhu misika yemari dzakawanda.

Global Currency Pound Sterling (GBP)

Pound wakanaka - zvakanaka nhumbi mari munyika. Ndokusaka runotsiva chechina tichitarisa kwokuvimba wezvizvarwa zvenyika yose. Kokutanga rokuti "paundi wounhu" akazviratidza muna 1694. Zvino nguva kubva 1821 kusvika 1914, ndiyo mari iyi kwainzi huru kuchengeterwa mari pamusika mari. Zvinosuruvarisa pashure peHondo Yenyika II, United Kingdom ari yekudyidzana simba. It akapa United States mukana kuva mutungamiri mupfungwa yakati, uye mari chakatsiva paundi hwakakwirira.

VeMubatanidzwa kweeuro pamisika yemari rave akanga zvakarwadza chaizvo currency. Pashure pezvose, pamberi EU chakazoitwa kuumba chete European National mari, pondo vakabatsirwa ose makuhwa pamusoro rakada kufanana nemashoko Gengi. Uye kana migumisiro referendamu muna UK akanga akanaka, pondo angadai akabatanawo euro 2000. The yose musika anoda kusvika 14% ine pondo. Uye ichi ndicho mugumisiro wakanaka kwazvo.

Yakadzikama CHF (CHF)

Kokutanga iri mari iyi vakatanga kutaura 1850. Nechepakati sezvadziri, ichi chikwata mari yakanga akaenzana Franc French. The chikuru mukana zvokutsinhanisa ichi ndechokuti anenge kupfuura mudanga munyika. In nhoroondo kuderedza pamusoro Franc zvakanzi akanyorwa nguva mashoma. Nokuda kwaizvozvo ine mukuru azvipire kuvimba pakati vagari venyika.

Setsika, kuti Franc Swiss akataura mari yakaderera-mutero munyika dzine pamwe razero mitengo. Sezvo kuchengeterwa mari, midzi panzvimbo rechina. Uye kunyange ndiro chete mari kuti haana kuiswawo pakati EU uye "Big Zvinomwe" nyika, uye mugove waro rinenge kumbobvira hunopfuura 0.3%, ndiko, nemhaka kwayo "kusingaperi" kudzikama, hazvina anorasikirwa nzvimbo yayo pamusika pose . Kunyange zvazvo pakatanga yeEuropean chete mari kugara unmodified, kuti Franc Swiss zvikuru kudzikire.

The Russian Ruble uye Currencykuva sezvo kuchengeterwa mari

munyika kuchengeterwa mari nhasi zvose vakatora nzvimbo yavo yakakodzera. Uye kana makore mashoma apfuura, muna 2007, hurumende yacho Russian Federation akataura kuti Ruble aigona zvakachengeteka kupinda munyika kunze kwenyika, pashure nematambudziko zvose noruzivo yava kutoita zvisingaiti. Ndokusaka vanoongorora vakawanda vakagumisa kuti Ruble munguva yemberi iri pedyo havazokwanisi kutora nzvimbo pakati dzakachengeteka-yakachengeteka mari.

The chete pfungwa, haagoni akati pamusoro, Chinese yuan. Munyika kuchengeterwa mari, sezvazvakanyorwa anozivikanwa, vanofanira kuva "akaisawo eutungamiri unyanzvi." Nhasi, China ari kuita zvose kuitira kuti ayo nyika mari akasimbisa uye ndokukura. Uye, maererano nenyanzvi kutungamirira, ndizvo zvakanaka kwazvo. Kutaura zvazviri, maererano nemashoko pamusoro 2014, ichi ndicho currency yazova rimwe 10 aishingaira vaitengerana mberi nemashoko 22 "muvengi" mumakore matatu apfuura. pamusoro pemvura pamusika basa uyewo mumakore achangopfuura, asingagari mirai, uye ikozvino pakupera March 2014, Germany akaita akabvumirana China iri pamwe mu kundoongororwa, uyewo Masvomhu zviri Currencykuva. Uyewo, Hong Kong Stock Exchange uye Shanghai akazarura mashandiro pamuchinjikwa-kutengesa, yekudyidzana vakawedzera reserves nendarama China, uye 40 dzomunyika mabhanga vakaita upfumi munyika Chinese mari dzaishandiswa. izvi zvose zvinotungamirira kuti mumakore mashoma ari Currencykuva kuchaitika kudada nzvimbo sezvo mutungamiri №1 kuchengeterwa mari munyika.

For 2015

Zvakaoma zvokufungidzira chii chichava nyika mari ino mumakore anouya. Maererano dambudziko kwakakonzerwa unopinza kuderera mitengo mafuta, kufunga kuti nyika zvemari iri kumirira, ndizvo zvakaoma. Ruble akakundikana, asi nhasi Russia pamwe China kuita zvayo zvainokwanisa kurerutsa matambudziko US mari iri nyika misika yemari. Uye zvisinei sei zvinoita izvozvo akasuwa nokuti United States, asi Currencykuva, chero zvazvingava, kuitira remangwana chengetedza mari. Pashure nezvazvo, kwete chete nyanzvi, asiwo mashoko pamusoro kudzidza nyika misika vatorwa mukutsinhana mumakore mashoma apfuura. Zvomuchadenga kwagara mutengo wayo sechinhu chikuru zvokutengeserana simba uye ekisipota hwakasimba yechipiri pakukura upfumi munyika. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti pashure pemakore 10, ari Currencykuva kuchasvika zvinangwa zvavo. Uyezve, China yave kuita chivimbo matanho kurutivi ichi. Sezvaunoziva, munyika kuchengeterwa mari - currency penyika Zvave zvisiri nyore!