Medici chigaro: Mhuri muti, nhoroondo, chakavanzika imba, vamiririri akakurumbira pakati Medici youmambo

The yakakurumbira Medici chigaro kakawanda chokuita Italian Renaissance. Ndinobva mumhuri yakapfuma kuti vakatonga Florence kwenguva refu uye akaita nawo tsika uye musayenzi muzinda Europe.

Origin chigaro

Pane maonero akawanda pamusoro pemavambo genus ichi. A zvakafanana mumadhorobha nengano vaiti ukama Medici chiremba Karla Velikogo - muvambi vechiFrank Empire. Mhuri pacharo vari maonero kuti midzi yavo kudzokera mumwe Knights, uyo akashanda ari muruvazhe mambo.

Muzana XII remakore, mhuri Medici yakatamira Florence. Vomumhuri vaiita mhindu, uye nokukurumidza akatanga richibudirira. Rich vokubhengi nokukurumidza kupinda managerial mudonzvo kweguta ndokutanga kugara zvokuwedzera zvepamusoro muFlorence. Yaiva mhuri uye nemateru nezvisingafadzi. Muzana XII remakore vokubhengi vakaedza kutora chikamu mune upenyu enyika muguta, kutsigira mumwe emo. The chikuru kurwisana nezvido muFlorence ipapo avete pakati pevapfumi nevarombo kwamachinda. Salvestra Medici akatsigira tramps, uyo akaronga kumukira pamusoro vakakwirira. Vakati vakakundwa, kuti financier akanga adzingwa muguta.

In nhapwa, Medici hwedzinza haana kugara kwenguva refu, asi kunyange panguva ino yabudirira kunooneka kubudirira mhindu. wokutanga bhengi mapazi Venice neRoma akazarurwa.

kukwidziridzwa

Musoro Florentine zvokuvhoterwa mumhuri Medici akatanga Cosimo Old. Iye akabata chinzvimbo ichi kubva 1434 ne 1464. Akakwanisa kuuya nesimba, vachishandisa kwavo mari, simba uye kusagutsikana vanhu nokuda rapfuura hurumende, iyo otaura mitero kunyanyisa uye sutu maturo hondo. It Cosimo akava muvambi netsika patronizing unyanzvi uye nedzimwe nzvimbo Renaissance.

Medici chigaro akabudirira mari. Chokwadi kuti XV remakore Italy akava musimboti tsika uye uri Europe. It akamhanya yakawanda vaGiriki vakaramba pasina nyika mushure kubatwa weConstantinople nokuda vokuTurkey muna 1453. Vakawanda vavo vakaunzwa Italy (kusanganisira Florence) mabhuku akasiyana uye vakaronga hurukuro, asingazivikanwi kuti vokuEurope. Izvi zvakakurudzira vanofarira nhoroondo yekare. Pairi, chikoro yose Humanism. All izvi zviitiko zviri nemari uye kwakamutsa Medici hwedzinza. History akaramba kutenda kwaari, pasinei enyika dzakawanda anonyengera, vakanga ndozvakajairwa panguva.

Lorenzo ari Magnificent

Kunyange pashure pokufa Cosimo muFlorence akaramba kutonga Medici hwedzinza. Lorenzo zvikuru (muzukuru wake) yakanga yakakurumbira nhengo yemhuri. Akaberekerwa muna 1448 uye akava mukuru zvokuvhoterwa muna 1469-m.

Panguva ino, muna Florence makanga rangano, mugumisiro raiva muromo Medici dzinza. Family Tree akatosvika akadambura, asi Lorenzo kufukidzwa urongwa vavengi. Akatotsigirawo Pope Sixtus IV. Asi kunyange izvi hazvina kuponesa mukoma wake Lorentso Dzhuliano, akaurayiwa unoranganawo.

Florence ipapo akazivisa hondo dzakawanda ukuru pedyo, vakanga vachitsigirwa weRoma choushe. Lorenzo akakwanisa kukunda wemasangano. Uyezve, akawana yakabatana mune munhu mambo French. It akatya Rome, izvo ndisingadi kurwa Paris, uye kurwisana kwapera.

Florence - the Renaissance Center

Medici chigaro chavo simba pamusoro pokumuka Italian tsika panguva ino kusvika yepamusoro. Lorenzo akaita mari masangano akawanda edzidzo. Mumwe wavo aiva akakurumbira Academy of Careggi, razova mugango-European muzinda pachikoro itsva Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza. Florentine Chivanze vakaripira geniuses zvakadai ounyanzvi sezvo Sandro Botticelli uye Michelangelo. Lorenzo aivawo connoisseur mabhuku. Akaunganidza uye zvakapfumisa raibhurari yake, iyo yava tourist kukwezvwa. Musoro zvokuvhoterwa akafa muna 1492. Hwake inopenya upenyu akatowedzera runyerekupe pamusoro mhuri Medici. Chigaro zvakavanzika kufara makuhwa uye vanoda rangano dzidziso.

nokukurumidza Mafungiro kuna Renaissance Lorenzo yakapararira kumaguta akapoteredza. chete kumhanya chaizvo akatanga kugara Venice, Rome, Naples uye Milan. Renaissance zvairatidzika ichatonga zvine mbiri kare, nokudaro kuwana zita rayo.

Vanapapa uye Duke pamusoro Tuscany

Vamiririri inozivikanwa akawanda Medici youmambo vakava vabati Florence, asiwo vanapapa kwete chete. Muna 1513 vakaonekwa Pero Medichi, uyo akatora zita Leo X uye akaramba pachigaro choushe kusvikira 1521. Kunyange vapristi havana kuita munyaya zvenyika, iye vakatsigira zvinofarirwa nemhuri yake Florence.

Saizvozvowo vakapfuura bhodhi Clement VII (1523-1534). Munyika zita rake raiva Dzhulio Medichi. Under mhuri yake kudzingwa zvakare kubva Florence. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti Papa akaita ukama Kesari Mutsvene hweRoma Charles V pamusoro Habsburg, "chine masimba zuva harinyuri munyika". Mubatanidzwa akakunda muvengi, uye Medici vakadzokera Florence. Mukuwedzera, vakagamuchira zita Duke pamusoro Tuscany.

Vatongi Florence iyi vakaramba kuvazvidza unyanzvi. Apo Cosimo I (1537-1574) rakavakwa inozivikanwa maberere Uffizi. Nhasi, chinokwezva mamiriyoni vaishanya Florence. Rinochengeta akawanda ounyanzvi kupenda, semuenzaniso, kunozivikanwa Leonardo da Vinci ( "Annunciation" uye "achikudza").

Mambokadzi France

Simba vatongi Florence akateerera dynastic michato. Somuenzaniso, vakadzi vaviri kubva kuva madzimai ose French madzimambo mhando iyi. Yaiva mudzimai Catherine Henry II (1547-1559) uye mukadzi Marie Henri IV (1600-1610). Wokutanga wavo kunyange regent uye kazhinji vakanga enyika makuru simba. Catherine anozivikanwa kumamiriyoni mafeni ari tarenda Aleksandra Dyumy, ane enganonyorwa akanga chimiro huru. Iye akaitawo nhoroondo mushure reropa hwokuuraya St. Bartholomew uye hwokuuraya Huguenots mujenya.

The imba reFrance Ekateriny Medichi kuti kutapudzwa vana vake vaviri - Charles IX uye Henry III. Maererano baba, ivo vaiva Valois. Pashure pavo nesimba muna 1589 yakauya Bourbons. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kurerutsa matambudziko kuti yose Europe akapa mhuri Medici. Hwedzinza akava pachake ari Renaissance nezvose zvayo mavara uye nharo zviitiko.

Kwokuderera Florence

Pasinei nezvazvinoreva dzimwe nyika, chikuru nzvimbo kufarira yagara iri Medici Florence - dzavo umambo zita huru uye nzvimbo yechizvarirwo. Decline Tuscan duchy akatanga pa Cosimo II (1609-1621). Akapedza mari yakawanda iri hondo uye kurwisana navo nevavakidzani. Duke vaisiyana anopenga zvirongwa achikunda vavengi vake, kusanganisira korona Spanish. Panguva iyoyowo, aizivikanwa rutsigiro rwake Galileo, iyo inopfuurira tsika Lorenzo zvikuru.

Under mwanakomana wake Ferdinand II (1621-1670) paiva pani-European matatu Hondo pakati pevaKaturike nevaPurotesitendi. Panguva ino, ini mberi kwokuderera Florence, riri haichawaniki novimba Medici. Kuwanikwa America nedzimwe vachivimbisa misika aita Italy wepurovhinzi nyika, pane upfumi muzinda Europe. Financial Rwako vaiva Spain, England uye mamwe masimba dzayaitonga.

Mugumo imba youmambo

Panguva iyoyowo akatapudza uye iye Medici imba. mumiririri Its wokupedzisira Giovanni Gastaut (vakatonga 1723-1737 gg.) Kwaiva kurwara uye mwana. Pashure pokufa kwake Duchy pamusoro Tuscany akapfuura Mutsvene weRoma Francis I Stephen, uyo muna Florence akatanga kuti vanoda Francesco II. Saka guta Medici kwenguva refu yapfuura kuti Habsburgs.