Nhoroondo yeguta. Lviv: nhoroondo yokusika uye zita reguta

Chimwe chezvinhu akanaka uye yakapfuma mapurani Monuments of panzvimbo Ukraine ndiye Lviv. Nhoroondo guta kubva chaizvo inception raro nanhasi izere mujenya kunonakidza chokwadi. Tichaedza kusimbisa kwazvo akakurumbira vavo. History reLviv kwaro UKURU zvose zvichiitika pamberi pedu.

prehistory

Ancient necheSalvic misha iri munharaunda yeguta ano rine yakatangira zvakawanda V remakore BC. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti ndiyo nhoroondo Lviv inotanga kubvira panguva ino. Nechekare kubva VII remakore, iri kugarwa pamusoro vachishingaira kutoitwa munzvimbo nyanzvi dzokugadzira, zvakamupa kodzero kunzi guta. Asi chii akabva kunzi kugarwa, chinoramba zvisinganzwisiswi dzakaitika. Inogarwa kugarwa mumazuva iwayo, madzinza White vokuCroatia.

Muna 981, nzvimbo yakapoteredza remangwana reLviv, mukurwa ane wechidiki umambo Polish, akanga yakatora kuna Prince Vladimir pamusoro Kiev Rus. Kubva panguva iyi, nzvimbo iyi waibatanidzwa zvoupfumi uye enyika kunoita Old Russian mamiriro upenyu.

Mushure pakutanga feudal kusabatana chete masimba Russian yekare yenyika, iro zvino pamire Shumba, zvakanzi pakutanga dziri Galician hugota, uye kubvira 1199 - muna Galicia-Volyn kwavabati Monomakh. Musiki wehurumende iri kuonekwa itsva Mstislavovich, baba ramangwana muvambi reLviv, Daniel Romanovich Galitsky.

Pavapenyu pamusoro Galician weutungamiriri

Yaiva nguva rokutonga Daniel chokuita enyika uye zvoupfumi maruva enyika Galician hurumende. Uye vanoita izvi pasinei nokuti vose ake akanga upenyu kuitwa mukurwisa yomunharaunda kwamachinda uye zvimwewo vavengi - Poland uye Hungary.

Asi panonyanyisa nokurohwa kubva yokumadokero mamiriro akaita Mongol-wechiTatar nechisimba. Nokufamba ari mirwi, maguta akawanda Galicia dzakaparadzwa. Kusiyana nezvimwe machinda Daniel kusvikira okupedzisira oupenyu hwake basa kune dzimwe joko zvachose. Anogara achitsvaka nzira kupa kuramba zvisingaiti, akaedza kuumba mubatanidzwa pamusoro eMongolia, rine vatongi Western. Nokuti ichi, akanga kunyange akagadzirira kuenda pamwe Catholic Church, kunyange iri tsika kumbobvira akatengesa Orthodoxy. Achibvuma pakushumira kwake kutenda muna hondo pamwe eMongolia Daniil Galitsky Pope akapiwa musoro Mambo Russia.

mabasa akadaro muchinda Chokwadi, haana kufanana Horde khans, uyo akatumira kuri rwendo pashure pomumwe kumanikidzira kuvimbika kwake. Nokuda vachirwisa idzi Galicia nemisha yakawanda zvakaparadzwa.

Lviv garo

Tatar vachirwisa vari mumwe zvikonzero kuvambwa guta zita Lviv rakanaka. History kwezvisikwa wake anotanga Countdown zvayo 1256. Panguva kuti moto dzaparadzwa zvakakomba guta guru Galicia-Volyn kwavabati - Hill. Nezvenyaya iyi, Prince Daniel, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka guta idzva guru munharaunda dzisingambosvikiki kuti Tartar vachirwisa.

Panguva iyoyowo, vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika dzinoti musi Lvov nheyo kusvikira imwe nguva yakanga yapfuura - muna 1247 kana 1240. Nokudaro, muna hypotheses izvi nezvechiitiko ichi yakarongwa kuti iitike muchato mwanakomana wake Daniila Lva, uye kuti kutora eMongolia pamusoro Kiev.

guta Name

Anenge kare zvose zvakafanana mafungiro, sei guta akapiwa zita Lvov. History of zita vanomutsirwa mwanakomana uye mugari wenhaka Daniila Galitskogo - Lev Danilovich. Yakanga vachikudza baba vake guru rinonzi guta, iro kwaifanira kuva guta guru weutungamiriri. Maererano neimwe shanduro, zita rakapiwa pazuva muchato pamwe mwanasikana Lion Mambo Hungary.

guta Russian oumambo

History reLviv akatora mutsva dzokai pamwe 1269, apo Leo akava muchinda Galicia-Volyn King uye Russian. Ndiye akatamira guru kuguta Galich kukundwa kuparadza akadzokorora uye akapisa pasi gomo. Kubvira musi Shumba asangova guta guru iri Galicia-Volyn kweutongi, asi chaizvoizvo pakati Russian umambo.

Maererano yayo itsva chinzvimbo, guta rakatanga hombe kuvakwa. Muna 1270 zvakanzi akavaka anonzi High Castle - munhare muguta. Kunyange zvazvo muchinda vaigara Lower Castle. Rwose munzanga upenyu kweguta paruchaitika pamusika, kuti moyo wake. In guru vakadirana vanhu vakawanda kubva akapoteredza uye kure nemisha. Saka akakura Lviv. Nhoroondo guta rava chinhu vasingasiyani chikamu nhoroondo yenyika.

Pakafa Leo I muguta haana kurasa rayo guru mamiriro. Akaramba chikuru guta rehurumende uye pasi anotevera machinda, iye zvose vaitakura rokuti Mambo Russia. Izvi zvakaramba kusvikira 1340 norufu George II Boleslaw Mutongo nhangemutange haina kukundikana.

Shumba mukati Commonwealth

Kamwe muna Galicia vakaputsa kutonga imba, kodzero yake hugota, uye zvikurukuru Lviv, akaudza mambo Polish Casimir III. Muna 1340, mauto ake akakunda guta uye akasimbisa ipapo youmambo simba. Zvisinei, mambo akapa hurumende guta uye ari muMagdeburg mutemo, asi panguva imwe chete, shumba vakatanga nokukurumidza Polonized. Nokukurumidza dzakawanda vomuguta vaiva Poles. A chinokosha chikamu vemo vakanga vaJudha. History reLviv kubva ikozvino kusvikira 1939 iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe Poland.

Muna 1412 kuguta Galich archiepiscopal cheya akavhunduka.

Muna 1569 Poland uye Lithuania akaumba mumwe mubatanidzwa wehurumende - Rzeczpospolita. Senzira Shumba ake kusvikira 1772, apo somuuyo pakati partition yacho-Lithuanian Polish mamiriro rokutanga, iye, sevamwe Galicia, akanga rapinzwa yeAustria Empire of Habsburgs.

Umambo Galicia uye Lodomeria

Senzira Habsburg umambo, Lviv rakava guta guru repurovhinzi rinonzi Umambo Galicia uye Lodomeria. Pasinei nokuti guta raiva chikamu chimwe ehurumende uye akagadzwa kuva gavhuna Vienna, munzvimbo kuramba kuridza kutungamirirwa basa rakaramba Polish kwamachinda.

Zvisinei, iyi inogona kunzi tsika kumutsidzirwa guta. University rikaporeswa, rakavhurika yemitambo, Imperial simba kutsigira pakurwisa dzechitendero obscurantism. Panguva iyoyo takatanga vamutsidzirwezve tsika Ruthenian munharaunda, sezvo Habsburgs vakaedza kuvawana rutsigiro pavanotaurirana vaPolish kwamachinda.

Kuedza kudzorera Ukrainian statehood

Pashure mugumisiro kukundwa Munyika First War muna 1918 pakava pokuwa hweAustria-Hungary, wokuUkraine intelligentsia reLviv kuedza kudzorera yavo nehurumende chakaitwa. Iye kwakunoitwa kuziviswa Declaration wehurumende rusununguko kuWestern Ukrainian vanhu Republic (ZUNR) October 19, 1918.

Asi dambudziko rakanga kuti vakawanda vacho reLviv panguva vaiva Poles, uyo akaona pachake sezvo chikamu chitsva Polish ezvinhu chete. Naizvozvo ZUNR mugumo rakange rakanamwa. Muna November, musoro Polish mauto Pilsudski atova kudzora Lvov, uye nguva ZUNR mauto akanga pakupedzisira vakakundwa.

Pavaitonga Polish

Saka, nhoroondo Lviv asati 1939 aishamwaridzana hurumende wePolish. Ukrainians kodzero yatyorwa zvachose munguva iyi. Saka akatanga chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuwisa mapeji munhoroondo yacho. Zvaive munguva iyi akatendeuka reropa hondo pakati Ukrainian vezvourudzi uye zviremera Polish, chikuru waitirwa zvakanga zvavo pakati vamiririri vaviri mumwe uye imwe nyika.

Muna 1939, Poland chaizvoizvo kugoverwa pakati Germany uye Soviet Union. Lvov uye Galicia dzinenge vose yakatora kuna Soviet Union.

Shumba iri USSR

Not refu teshilsya nyika Lviv. Nhoroondo yakamupa akatevedzana zvinosuwisa. The Great Patriotic War. Mauto yeNazi mundokunda guta June 29, 1941. Panguva Nazi basa aizivikanwa rimwe vachiurayiwa kupfuura vaJudha. Mauto eSoviet aiuya akasunungura guta rakanga chete muna 1944.

Pashure paizvozvo, akatanga akurumidze kudzorerwa kumusha. Senzira Ukrainian Lviv akava kupfuura maindasitiri netsika muzinda mudunhu. Panguva ino, mukusiyana kune yapfuura nguva, ruzhinji vagari vari dzinza Ukrainians akatanga.

Shumba pashure kuziviswa rusununguko rweUkraine

Haana kurasa kukosha kwayo uye Shumba pashure kuziviswa August 24, 1991 Ukraine kuti rusununguko. Zvisinei, sezvo maindasitiri zvinogona weguta kunoderedza zvinokosha, asi zvakadaro, kwaiva upfumi pakati nharaunda. The nemagariro kukosha panguva Lviv nokuti nyika haigoni dzakanaka. Vakawanda vanoona moyo Ukraine.

mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona, vazhinji zvinosuruvarisa uye nekusiyana, chakanga kufara peji nhoroondo yeguta. Muchidimbu uchatamisa zvose dzinokanganisa ayo uye majana hazvishandi. Kuongorora zvoupfumi uye enyika kukura muguta kupedza mwedzi kana kunyange kwemakore. Eya, kunzwisisa musimboti reLviv womudzimu, ayo ane anofanira kushanyira ari munhu.