Pfungwa, features, unhu, marongerwo uye mhando mumapoka maduku evanhu kwepfungwa

Zuva nezuva, munhu mumwe nomumwe, zvisinei nezera, zvaunofarira, zvinofarirwa, munzanga uye mararamiro uchikurukura nevamwe vanhu kubasa, kuchikoro, pakati pehama, shamwari, vafambidzani, uye dzimwe nguva vavasingazivi. Kuvakwa siyana ukama, vomunzanga uye ushamwari. Vanhu vakabatana muzvikwata mubereko, nyanzvi specialization kana zvimwe zvinhu. Chero nzira kutaurirana nevamwe zvakananga zvarinoita paumbwe unhu uye kutsunga chairo nomumwe nzvimbo nevamwe. Knowledge zvimwe mupfungwa hwaro paumbwe mapoka kunogona kubatsira munhu kuti kusarudza zvakavapoteredza. Nyanzvi-vanachiremba mashoko akadaro anodiwa kusika akanaka ezvinhu rwekuita chikwata, uye musoro kuchabatsira zvinobudirira kuronga kugadza, dzichengete interpersonal mabasa vashandi. Nhasi, tichagovana ruzivo pamusoro chii vari mhando dzakasiyana mapoka maduku uye chii maitiro avo.

Chii boka duku wepfungwa?

In zvepfungwa, boka duku yainzi Kubatanidzwa vashoma vanhu vane chete kukurukurirana kubatana kuvatori vechikamu vese, paine zvakafanana yokushamwaridzana nevanhu uye vadyi mabasa. uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kwakadaro achiumbwa chikwata chimwe nechimwe. Mhando mumapoka maduku evanhu zvepfungwa Munokudzwa ne nzira inotungamirwa: chakagadzirwa kana dzinongozviitikira nzira.

The mubvunzo pamusoro chii vatori vechikamu vanofanira kuva akadaro duku neshamwari, vanachiremba uye evanhu vari kukurukura pose. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti kusikwa boka duku revanhu vaviri chete. Vamwe, Zvichakadai, tenda kuti mhando ukama mune boka duku, raiumbwa dyad (vanhu vaviri), akasiyana zvikuru, vane unhu avo, vamwe pane chiratidzo diki kubatanidza vanhu. Naizvozvo, vatsigiri zvekungofungira zvakadaro zvinoratidza kuti maonero kuti shoma vatori vechikamu iri boka duku inofanira kuva 3 vanhu.

Kunyange zvakawanda gakava unomuka pamusoro kunonyanyisa nhamba yevanhu vari mumapoka maduku. In mabasa nevanyori akasiyana kunogona kuwanikwa pakati pamusoro 10, 12 kana kuti kunyange 40. In zvakanyorwa yakakurumbira chiremba wepfungwa Dzhekoba Levi Moreno, uyo akanga kushanda dambudziko evanhu mapoka, zvinoratidzwa kunonyanyisa vatori vechikamu iri boka duku. In ake pfungwa, vanhu 50. Asi zvakanakisisa ndiye paumbwe shamwari ose 10-12 kuvashanu. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti munzvimbo ine vazhinji rinotsemuka kuitika kakawanda, saka nokuumbwa pakubhadhara itsva mapoka maduku.

zvinhu

Kuona kuunganidzwa vashoma vanhu sezvo boka duku, zvakakodzera pamberi zvimwe zvakasiyana zvinhu:

1. misangano nguva dzose pakati vechikamu.
2. Nezvekugadzirwa chinangwa imwe, zvinangwa.
3. General basa.
4. Kuvapo mamiriro, tsanangudzo mutungamiriri, mutungamiriri.
5. Kutsanangura mabasa uye mabasa neimwe yeboka.
6. Inotungamirwa yomunyika interpersonal ukama boka.
7. Education mitemo, tsika, tsika, mukati boka duku.

The kwomuzvarirwo paumbwe boka duku

Inenge nguva kunoitika huru collectives masanga weboka vatori vechikamu kuita vashomanana nokuwadzana. Concept uye mhando mapoka maduku, idzo dzisingadi sezvingatarisirwa, anofananidzira kuongorora nevamwe zvinhu uye unhu. Akaparadzanisa vanhu chete nezvido, zvaunofarira, upenyu chinzvimbo, pfungwa kugarisana uye zvichingodaro. Shamwari dzakadaro dzinonzi yakajairwa.

Mumwe zvakatipoteredza ane yazvo chaiyo weboka nhengo dzeboka. Izvi zvinofanira kuonekwa vatungamiriri uye varongi munharaunda dzakadai paumbwe mapoka maduku kunokanganisa kugona kushanda uye mukuru mumhepo muchikwata. Somuenzaniso, nokuti vanobudirira mabasa pakudzidza ari chikwata chevana dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa kuti Zvinoumba kurongwa mapoka akasika kuchinja duku chaizvo zuva nezuva, statuses uye soMupi vechikamu zvinosiyana. Yakadaro sangano angawanika, achitungamirirwa munhu mutungamiri mukuru. Pakati vana vemazera akasiyana mutungamiri vanofanira kuhwina ive vakabuditsa mukurumbira.

In kurongwa nyanzvi zvikwata kuti sangano vabudirire mabasa anofanira kuva musoro mutungamiri. Kusingadzoreki mubatanidzwa vashandi marudzi akasiyana mapoka maduku zvinogona dzimwe nguva kukanganisa basa kambani. Generalize vanhu vanokwanisa yokusagutsikana mapato utungamiri, kushanda mamiriro uye zvimwe zvinhu zvicha- ranwa, hombe layoffs. Saka, mapoka makuru, unopirwa nguva uye mari dziri dzinounzwa pamusoro zvepfungwa yevashandi, kushanda nguva yakazara wepfungwa. Mumwe mabasa ari nyanzvi nderokuziva vashandi 'Ushamwari munzanga uye kuziva zvadziri, basa. With yakarurama yokutaura, mapoka yakadaro inogona kushandiswa kuvandudza mabasa kambani.

rongeka boka

Govera pamutemo mhando duku evanhu mapoka. The zvaiitwa neboka akadaro kuti vanhu vakabatana kunyange panguva chido uye zvaunofarira, sezvo zvakafanira, chinzvimbo uye zvinodiwa basa. By zvinenge mapoka maduku ingasanganisira Somuenzaniso, kubatanidzwa ari administrative bhodhi wekambani.

Panguva iyoyowo inogona kuumbwa, dziripo uye dyidzana yakarongwa uye yakajairwa mhando mumapoka maduku musangano. Mamaneja uye vanachiremba basa pakutevedzera mabasa mapoka akadaro runyararo, nokuti kambani kukura.

Mashandiro anoita mapoka maduku

Mapoka Small kuita zvinokosha Unoshanda kukura uye paumbwe wacho uye chikwata yose. Vanachiremba ndeizvi zvinhu akafanana, zvisinei mhando duku evanhu mapoka kuripo neimwe revanhu:

1. Socialization of munhu. Kutanga gotwe munhu anodzidza kushamwaridzana nevamwe, vakaumba zvaunofarira uye mafungiro, maitiro uye nzvimbo munzanga.
2. Kuratidza basa nderokuziva imwe nomumwe boka duku, nzvimbo yake mairi. Saka kuumbwa nokuzviremekedza, pachake nyanzvi unhu chaitwa kudiwa kusimudzira munhu uye kufarirwa.
3. Instrumental basa kunoita munhu aite yasarudzwa oparesheni.
4. Rinoshanda rubatsiro zvepfungwa ndiko kutsigira vechikamu nokuora upenyu uye matambudziko basa. Pane zvidzidzo vakaratidza kuti vatori mumapoka maduku kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva navo, kunyange kupfuura kugara nehama. Tsanangura Fani iyi inogona kuva chokwadi munhu asingadi kuti kuvakuvadza akatakudza matambudziko avo vadiwa. Nepo nhengo chikwata duku vangateererawo, kupa mazano, asi regai kufungisisa mashoko, vachisiya sanganisika pachake inosvika wacho.

Types uye mashandiro anoita mapoka maduku kuvimba kusarudza zvinangwa uye zvinangwa, ainyanya kutandadzana shamwari dzakadaro.

Kupatsanura yemapoka maduku

boka duku Classified maererano zvinodiwa? Mhando mapoka maduku, hunhu basa ravo inofanira pakutsvaga kuongorora zvimwe zviratidzo.

kuparadzana yakarurama izvi evanhu dzakabatana havapo. Vanachiremba vakatanga kurumbidzwaka pamusoro kupatsanura mapoka akadaro. Below Anozivisa mhando zviduku mapoka tafura.

mamiriro

Types uye mamiriro mapoka maduku vari pedyo pedyo zvinodyidzana. Zvichienderana worudzii shamwari duku kuumbwa, achiumbwa mukati nharaunda mamiriro. Hazvina womukati kukurukurirana, zvemagariro, zvemanzwire uye zvepfungwa noushamwari pakati vanhu chikamu. Patsanura zvinotevera mamiriro siyana:

1. Sociometric mhando pazvikanganiso interpersonal zvatinoda uye nezvaasingadi.
2. Taurirana akatsunga mhando mashoko aibuda mukati boka, nzira yokukurukurirana pakati vechikamu.
3. Basa mamiriro ndiyo kuparadzira chinzvimbo uye mabasa pakati nhengo duku boka. Nokudaro, boka rakakamurwa vaya zvisarudzo uye vaya vanoita uye rutsigiro nezviito.

The ukama evakurukuri yemapoka maduku

Dambudziko interpersonal ukama pakati boka duku revanhu vakazvitsaurira kuna yakawanda mupfungwa uye munzanga nemabasa, zvidzidzo, kuedza. Generalizing ruzivo, tinogona kusiyanisa zvinotevera mhando ukama muboka duku: yakarongwa uye yakajairwa. Muchiitiko chokutanga, pamwe iri pachena nokudzorwa zvemitemo mabasa: kune mukuru uye omurume.

Kana yechipiri zviri zvikuru kuoma. Pano, nemhaka unhu, mumwe nomumwe anova mashoko ndibatsireiwo mutungamiri veboka. Kwakadaro ukama asina nokudzorwa chinhu kunze tsitsi vamwe nhengo duku boka. Nzvimbo iyi iri kazhinji zvikuru kusagadzikana: pangava vatungamiri akawanda, kusavapo zvakakwana makwikwi akadaro pakati mapato, akaisa mberi nokuda kusada kutora basa mamwe matambudziko ari kukurukurirana nokuparadzirwa mumagariro mabasa.

Usarerutsa basa zvisina ukama. Kazhinji nokubatana kwakadaro kukonzera kuchinja wevakadzidza vatungamiriri madenderedzwa.

Chii chinzvimbo wacho duku boka?

Mumwe munhu munharaunda, uye mune chikwata zvikurukuru, ane imwe hweHIV. Kuti vanokurondedzera, zvakakodzera kupindura mubvunzo: Ndiani murume uyu? Pakuzvarwa, vanogona kupiwa Somuenzaniso, rudzi uye munhui. The chinzvimbo anogona kuwanikwa kana kubudirira Somuenzaniso, mumwe chiremba kana muzivi.

Kuona mamiriro wacho ari boka anogona kushandisa sociometric nzira. In masangano dzidzo, masangano vashandi 'kazhinji kuitisa kuongorora umo mibvunzo yabvunzwa pamusoro AUNOITA vamwe nhengo dzeboka mumwe. Rwaiitwa kunyanya muchimiro makadhi, nemibvunzo, kana yakazara chizvaro, apo pose kunoratidza padanho tsitsi mumwe munhu. Somuenzaniso, akakumbira kungotaura waunodzidza anofarira chiremera chikuru mukirasi. Pahwaro kwakaitwa zvakaparidzwa tichibatsirwa yakarongerwa makiyi anotsanangura kurongwa vatungamiriri, vemifananidzo nezvimwe statuses zvevanhu.

Pakusarudza nzira uye nzira mupfungwa zveBhaibheri munzanga mabasa mune chikwata vanachiremba kunokosha zvikuru kuti rakavimbika migumisiro kufungawo chii siyana nemapoka maduku kutora chikamu mune ongororo.

Pfungwa boka duku utungamiri

dambudziko utungamiri Active vakava kuroorana vanachiremba uye masayendisiti mukuvamba ramakumi remakore. Sei vamwe vanhu vakasununguka kutungamirira vamwe? Ndezvipi zvinofanira kuva uye zvaunoda kuita? Zvinosuruvarisa saka hapana wakapa zvevakomana, mhinduro yakarurama dzemibvunzo iyi. Mumwe munhu anogona kunge ari mutungamiri mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu uye mune imwe boka revanhu, nepo mune dzimwe boka rinenge rarasika chose, uye achaita asazivikanwa basa. Somuenzaniso, mutungamiriri timu mitambo havangagoni zvakakwana kutaura pachavo vari boka vakadzidza. Naizvozvo, mutungamiri - asi, ndiye munhu anonyatsoruramisa kwaiyerwa yaaizova, rinorondedzerwa zvinangwa uye nzira matambudziko mune zvakananga ezvinhu.

Kune mupfungwa mabasa, izvo Akaongorora zvakafanira unhu mutungamiri. Chinonyanya dzakakurumbira nzira ndiye "Big Mashanu" R. Hogan, iyo inoratidza 5 chinonyanya kukosha zviri ane kutaura poutungamiriri ari chikwata.

Chii basa mutungamiri iri diki revanhu? Zviri nyore kugumisa kuti mutungamiri - munhu pasi akanaka ezvinhu anotungamirira chikwata kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo, uye akaipa kwete chete havagoni kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvabuda boka, asiwo chose zvakadaro.

diki mapoka Control

Kuti kuronga, zvinangwa uye zvinangwa, kuvandudzika, budiriro uye kubudirira pakati migumisiro boka duku kutarisira. Ndingaitei kuita izvi? Pasinei mhando mapoka maduku dzakaumbwa, munzanga zvepfungwa kusiyanisa zvitaera wandei utungamiri:

1. The anomanikidza Style kunoratidzwa mutungamiriri ukuru pamusoro dzimwe nhengo dzeboka vari chete Artists.
2. Liberal Style kunosanganisira seboka mabasa rimwe nerimwe nhengo chehondo.
3. Democratic Style ndechokuti mutungamiri anotumira Vatori pane zvimwe zviito, ekufambisa uye kukurukura kwacho pamwe imwe neimwe yeboka.

Kuti muchidimbu, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti mhando mumapoka maduku zvepfungwa - pfungwa dzisina kururama, kuchinja achifuridzirwa nechitarisiko zvinhu uye mamiriro. Asi musoro chikwata chero mhando vanofanira ngadziteerere kukura zvose yakarongwa uye yakajairwa nevanhu munyika. Sezvo boka nekodzero zvakanangwa kusvika anogona nechokwadi kukura chikwata yose, kutungamirira nani kuita uye inobudirira Implementation matambudziko.