Hans Albert Einstein - mwanakomana wekutanga waAlbert Einstein naMileva Marich: biography

Hans Albert Einstein ndiye mwanakomana wechipiri wemumwe wevana fisikiti mukurumbira wehafu yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri - Albert Einstein, uyo akachinja zvachose pfungwa dze sayenzi yezvose.

Baba

Albert Einstein akaberekwa musi waMarch 15, 1987 mumhuri yevaJudha, avo vaigara panguva iyoyo muguta duku reGerman reUlm. Baba vake Herman vaiva nechokusimba iyo yakagadzika mitsipa uye mattresses ane mapepa. Amai vaAlbert vakanga vari mukunda weimwe mutengesi anoziva chibage muguta.

Muna 1880, mhuri yeEinstein yakatamira kuMunich. Pano, baba vaAlbert, pamwe chete nomukoma wake Jacob, vakazarura chikwata chiduku chinotengesa midziyo yemagetsi. MuMunich, Albert aiva nehanzvadzi, Maria. Mumuguta rimwe chete, mukomana akatanga kuenda kuchikoro. Yakashanyirwa nevana veKaturike. Maererano nekuyeuka kwesainzi, atova nemakore gumi nemaviri akabva pamatenda echitendero uye akabatana nesayenzi. Zvose izvo zvakataurwa muBhaibheri hazvina kurega kuonekwa kwaari zvakajeka. Akatanga kuumba semunhu, asina chokwadi pamusoro pezvose, kusanganisira simba.

Izvo zvakanzwisisika zvakajeka zvehuduku, izvo Albert zvaive nazvo muupenyu, ikambasi uye basa raEuclid "Beginnings."

Amai vakatsigira kuti ramangwana reNobel rakagadziriswa riite mumimhanzi. Albert akatanga kutamba violin uye akatakurwa nayo. Kuda kwemimhanzi kwakagara pamwe naye kweupenyu. Akatova mumakore ake akakura, achiri muUnited States, musayendisiti akatopa kambani kune vanobva kunyika yeGermany. Akaita zvakanyorwa naMoart pa violin.

Muna 1894, mhuri yeEinstein yakatamira kuguta duku rePavia pedyo neMilan. Pano, kubva Munich, yakashandurwa uye ine purogiramu.

Muna 1895 musayendisiti weramangwana akauya kuSwitzerland. Munyika ino aida kupinda muchikoro kuti ave mudzidzisi wefizikiki. Zvisinei, Albert haana kukwanisa kupedza miedzo pabhodendi. Ipapo musikana wechidiki akaenda kundodzidza muguta rekuArau. Pano akaendeswa mberi nekudzidza kwaMaxwell's electromagnetic theory.

Nzvimbo inotevera yekudzidza ramangwana rakanaka Nobel raiva Polytechnic yeZurich. Pano akaonana nemudzidzi wezvidzidzo Grossman. Pano akawana mudzimai wake weramangwana - Milev Marich.

Dhipatimendi rePoltechnic rakapiwa kuna Albert Einstein mugore ra1900, zvisinei kuti haana kuwana basa rekusingaperi muhutano. Kuti vararame uye vafudze mhuri, ramangwana reNobel laureate raifanira kuva mushandi wehurumende yepamutemo. Munguva yake yakasununguka, haana kurega kusangana nezvinetso zvesayenzi.

Muna 1903, baba vaAlbert vakafa. Mugore rimwe chete, akazora ukama hwake naMileva Marich.

Kuuya kwesimba raHitler kwakamanikidza Albert kuti abve kuGermany. Akatamira kuAmerica, kwaakazova purofesa paPrinceton University. Nyanzvi huru yesayenzi yepanyama yakafa muna 1955. Chikonzero chekufa kwake yaiva aortic aneurysm.

Amai

Mileva Marich ndiye mukadzi wokutanga waAlbert Einstein. Akanga ari muSerbia kubuzvarwa, akaberekerwa muHungary. Uyu ndiye musikana chete akadzidza paZurich Polytechnic School.

Mileva Marich akanga akwegura kupfuura Albert Einstein kwemakore matatu nehafu. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kumisa rudo rwavo. Nguva pfupi mushure mekuzivana, vanhu vaduku vakatanga kurarama nemhirizhonga. Kune vanhu vakavapoteredza, kubatana kwakadaro kwaiita sechinhu chinoshamisa. Mushure mezvose, wechidiki Einstein ainge aonekwa nechitarisiko chinoshamisa, kukwezva uye kusununguka kwekutaurirana. Kusiyana neizvi, Mileva akanga asina kunaka. Chimiro chayo chakakanganiswa chakakonzerwa nechitsi uye chiremera chakasimuka mushure mekunge pfupa yeti TB yakatamiswa. Asi panguva imwechete Mileva akanga ari nyanzvi yemasvomhu ane nyanzvi, aive nenjere yakadzika. Uye kusavapo muhupenyu hwake hwekuremekedza zvakanyanya zviremera zvakasiyana-siyana zvakazomuswededza pedyo naAlbert.

Mukuwedzera, vechidiki vose vaida mimhanzi uye zvokudya zvakanaka. Zvakakoshawo kuti Mileva aive akanaka chaizvo. Zvinogoneka kuti Einstein akanyatsomutsvaga akatsvaka mukadzi anogona kubvisa kubva kwaari mutoro wematambudziko emhuri. Mushure mezvose, maererano nezvinoyeuka shamwari, semudzidzi, Albert haana kukwanisa kuisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvezuva nezuva. Mirevhi, zvakasiyana naye, aiva munhu anoshanda, uyo akayeuchidza Einstein wei vake.

Muchato waHans vabereki

Kuramba kwake kwevanhu vevanhu Einstein haana kuvanza. Vabereki vake vaizivawo nezvake. Asi havana kupa mwanakomana wavo mvumo yemuchato. Amai vaAlbert vakafunga kuti Mirevi anonyangadza uye akaipa, uye baba vaida kuona sekuti muroora wake musikana wenyika yevaJudha chete.

Zvinhu zvose zvakachinja mushure mokunge Herman Einstein akanga ava kurwara. Kutaurira mwanakomana wake, iye akakomborera imba yake. Uye pana 601.1903, vechidiki vakazova murume nemudzimai, vachiita zvekuita ukama hwavo muBern.

Mwana wokutanga

Hans Albert Einstein haana kumboona hanzvadzi yake. Akaberekwa muna 1902, vabereki vake pavakaroorana. Mwana asina mhosita anogona kukanganisa basa resainzi revechidiki. Uye saka, ava nepamuviri, Mileva akaenda kuvabereki vake. Pano, muHungary, akabereka mwana weLieserl. Kuti parege kuva nomunhu anodzidza nezvemucheche wemubereki, musikana wacho akabva atorerwa kuti akurudzire vabereki kuti vakurire.

Milev akavimbisa kuti haazombotarisi mwanasikana uye kwete kumuwana. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, musikana haana kurarama kwenguva refu. Sechecheche, akawana chikara chekare chikafu uye akafa. Einstein haana kumboona mwanasikana wake uye haana kuudza munhu pamusoro pake.

Mwanakomana weunyanzvi

Musi wa14.05.1904 Hans Albert Einstein akazvarwa . Nhoroondo yemukomana iyi yakatanga kuBern. Migwagwa yeguta iri yakamhanyira baba vake vanofara, avo, vachidzidza pamusoro pokuberekwa kwemwanakomana wavo, vakamhanyira kusvika kunotsvoda mudzimai nemwana.

Mwana wekutanga weEinstein aidiwa zvikuru nevabereki vake. Maererano neyekuyeuka kwehama dzesayendisiti mukuru, vaigara vachiona Albert, uyo mune rumwe rutivi akabata mapepa emapepa akanyorerwa uye akayambuka, asi imwe yacho yakazunungusa ngoro yemwana ine mwana akarara.

Mugumo wemwanakomana wechipiri

Muna 1910 mumhuri yeEinstein akazvarwa mumwe mukomana - Edward. Akange ane unyanzvi hwakanaka hwemimhanzi. Zvisinei, mwanakomana wechipiri wesainzi aiva nemarwadzo kwazvo, uye pazera remakore makumi maviri, mushure mekutambudzika kwekutya, akaonekwa kuti ane schizophrenia. Pane imwe nguva, Eduard Einstein aiva pasi pekutarisira mai vake. Asi imwe gare gare Mileva akaisa mwanakomana wake muchipatara chepfungwa.

Albert Einstein, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga arambana nomudzimai wake, haana kumboshamiswa nekurwara kwemwanakomana wake, uyo aidaidzwa chaizvo kuti "Tetel" kana kuti "Tete." Ichokwadi ndechokuti hanzvadzi yaMileva yakatambura nechichichiphrenia. Edward Einstein aigara achiita nenzira inoratidza zvakajeka kuvapo kwechirwere chacho. Zvisinei, imwe pfungwa yakaitwa nemwanakomana wekutanga wemasayendisiti mukuru. Hans Albert Einstein aidavira kuti kuparadzwa kokupedzisira kwepfungwa yake yehanzvadzi kwaive nekuda kwekurapa kwakakurumbira mumazuva iwayo achishandura magetsi.

Albert Einstein akasimudza kugara muUnited States mushure mokunge Tete aendeswa kuchipatara chepfungwa. Uye kubvira ipapo, kukurukurirana nevanakomana vake kwakange kusingogumiri nemagwaro. Edward akatumira baba vake chinhu chisingawanzoitiki, asi chinonyatsobva pamwoyo. Mumwe wavo, somuenzaniso, sainzi akafananidza vanhu negungwa, achiti vanogona kuva shamwari uye kugamuchirwa, pamwe nekuoma uye kusagadzikana.

Mushure mekufa muna 1948 mai vake, Eduard Einstein aiva mumusha waiva pedyo neZurich, kwaakarindwa naDean Henry Miley. Akararama Tete kubva kumufundisi weko uye zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kutaurirana nevanhu Eduard vakatotanga kuwana mari nekunyora kero pamapuvulopu pamusoro pemirairo yeimwe yekambani dzemunharaunda.

Zvisinei, mushure mechinguva, muchengeti akaendesa ward yake kune chirikadzi yemweya aigara kunze kweZurich. Izvi zvakaipisa mamiriro ekufunga e Edward. Muna 1954, musayendisiti mukuru akaramba kurangana nemwanakomana wake muduku. Akatsanangurira chiito chake nekutenda kuti mutsamba yacho yakanga yakanyanyisa ivo vose.

Muna 1965 Edward akafa. Maererano nemumwe wevatsvakurudzi, akaurayiwa nerudo kune vavakidzani vake, izvo zvakaratidza kuva mutoro unoregererwa kwaari.

Kurambana kwevabereki

Kubva muna 1912, hukama pakati paAlbert naMilev hwave huwandu. Izvi zvakaitika nekuda kwechido chemuzukuru wesayendisiti Elsa Levental. Muna 1914 Marich akasara nevana vake muZurich, agamuchira kubva kune wawakaroorana naye kuzvipira kwekucherechedza kugadziriswa kwegore negore mumhuri muhuwandu hweReifsmarks 5,600. Kusunungurwa kwehurumende kwevakaroorana kwakabudiswa musi waFebruary 14, 1919.

Pakati peEinstein naMaric yaiva chibvumirano. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuendeswa kumunhu waimbova nemudzimai wemari yeNobel Prize inotarisirwa neasayendisiti. Mari iyo inoreva kuti Albert Einstein aizotambira, vana vaifanira kutora mukutonga kwavo. Marich akaramba achigamuchira kufarira.

Upenyu mushure mekurambana kwevabereki

Muna June 1919, musayendisiti akauya kuZurich, kwaakashandisa nguva nevana vake. Mwanakomana waElbert Einstein Hans akafamba nababa vake parwendo rwekufamba nemhenderekedzo iri pedyo neLake Constance, uye Edward ane guru rezvisikwa akashanyira Arosa, uko chirongwa chechipatara chemukomana chikaitwa.

Mileva nevanakomana vake vaigara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Zvisinei, muna 1922, mushure mekutambira Nobel Prize kumurume wake wekare, akawana dzimba nhatu muZurich. Mumwe wavo Marich akatamira kunogara nevanakomana vake, uye vamwe vaviri vakashanda semari yakareba kwenguva yakawanda yemari. Zvisinei, zvose zvakachinja mushure mokunge Eduard aonekwa kuti ane chirwere chakaipa. Imba mbiri Mileva aifanira kutengesa. Mari yose yakaenda kunobhadhara kurapwa kwemwanakomana wake kuchikoro chemayunivhesiti muZurich. Kuti arege kurasikirwa neimba huru, mukadzi wacho akaendesa kodzero kune zvake aimbova murume akazadzisa zvaanosungirwa kuti atore mari yekuchengetedza yaimbova mhuri.

Basa remwanakomana mukuru wemasayendisiti mukuru

Hans Albert Einstein akasarudza kutevera mumakwara evabereki vake. Kuti aite izvi, akagamuchira diploma kubva kuSwitzerland Federal Institute of Technology, iri muZurich, uko akapedzisa zvidzidzo muna 1926. Ipapo, kwemakore mana, akashanda semuumbi wehuniro purojekiti yebhiriji iri kuvakwa muDortmund. Sekunge muna 1936, Hans Albert akadzivirira chiremba chake chechiremba, agamuchira chikamu chake nokuda kwake.

Emigration

Mushure mokunge Albert Einstein, achizaidzira kutyisidzirwa kwevaAnti-Semiti, akabva kuGermany, akarayira kuita zvakafanana kumwanakomana wake mukuru. Muna 1938, Hans Albert Einstein akabva kuSwitzerland ndokuenda kuSouth Carolina, muguta reGreenville. Pano akashanda semuchina we hydraulic muDhipatimendi reMari reUnited States. Uwandu hwemabasa ake hwaisanganisira kudzidza kwezvinyorwa. Kushanda muDhipatimendi kwakabva muna 1938 kusvika muna 1943.

Kubvira muna 1947, Hans Albert Einstein ndiye purofesa wehukama paCalifornia Hydraulic University muBerkeley. Asi pane izvi basa rake harina kuguma. Gare gare akazova purofesa wekuremekedza paye yunivhesiti imwe chete.

Sekuve nyanzvi yepamusoro mumunda wake, Hans Albert akapota nyika yakawanda. Akaramba achitora chikamu mumisangano ye-hydrotechnical yezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana kunyange shure kwe191, apo akanga atoenda kumusha. Pane imwe hurukuro idzi mumusangano weWorshall, Mass., Hans Albert Einstein aivawo muna 1973, apo paJuly 26 akaurayiwa nechirwere chemwoyo.

Awards

Hans Albert akapiwa mukana webasa rake mumunda we hydraulics uye kuongorora kwepasi pasi:

- Guggenheim scholarships (muna 1953);

- mibairo yesayenzi yeAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (muna 1959 na1960);

- Chiremba Chekuremekedza kubva kuDhipatimendi reMari reUnited States (muna 1971);

- mubayiro weYunivhesiti yeKalifornia (muna 1971);

- chidziro chekucherechedza kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri esirivha uye yakatsaurirwa basa kubva kuAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers (muna 1972).

Upenyu hwega

Mushure mokurambana kwevabereki, ukama huripo pakati paHanbert Albert nababa vake hwakawedzera kudarika. Mwanakomana wacho akapomera musayendisiti mukuru wekuti akaisa Milev mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru emari, achimupa mukana wega muNobel Prize.

Kusabvumirana pakati pababa nababa kwakava kwakadzama shure musayendisiti mukuru achipikisa kuroorana kwaHans kwaFred Knecht. Musikana uyu akanga akwegura kupfuura mukomana kwemakore matatu. Mukuwedzera, maererano naEinstein, mukuru, pakanga pasina chinhu chakanakisisa mairi. Musayendisiti akatuka ukama hwakadaro, achipomera Frida wezvakashata uye kutambudzwa kwemwanakomana wake. Mushure mekunge kubudirira kwekuedza kurwisana nevechidiki Albert Einstein vakatanga kuvakumbira kuti varege kuva nevana, kuitira kuti varege kumanikidzira, mumaonero ake, kurambana kusingaitiki.

Kuyananisa pakati pebaba nemwanakomana hakuna kuuya kunyange munguva yehupenyu hwavo muUnited States. Vagara vagara vari voga. Mushure mekufa kwesayenzi mukuru, hapana chinhu chaakagara nhaka mwanakomana wake.

Pasinei nekukakavadzana nababa vake, muna 1927, Fried Knecht akaroora Hans Albert Einstein. Upenyu hwake hunobudirira kubudirira. Uye nemukadzi uyu akanga ari pamwe chete kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1958. Chirikadzi, akawana zvakare. Mudzimai wake aiva Elizabeth Robose.

Hans naFrida vaiva nevana vatatu. Zvisinei, chimwe chete chazvo chakasara kusvika pakukura. Bernhard Caesar Einstein (10.07.1930 - September 30, 2008) akanga ari injini-physicist. Vaviri vacho vaivawo nemwanasikana akarerwa, Evelyn. Akafa muna 2011 muurombo hwakanyanya.

Hans Albert aiva mugwairi anofarira. Kazhinji nevashandi pamwe nemhuri yake, akaenderera mberi kuSan Francisco. Mwanakomana wemasayendisiti mukuru aida kuverenga. Zvidzidzo zvake zvezvesayenzi, akaverenga zvakare kushandisa shandisi yekudhirodza. Kungofanana nababa vake, Hans aida mimhanzi uye akakwanisa kutamba nyere uye piano. Izvi zvinotaurwa pamusoro peguva rake.