Mafuta emakristani

Misi yakafuridzirwa ndeyezvinhu izvo zviri munzvimbo ye mesomorphic (mukati, mukati-kati) pakati pe isotropic liquid uye yakasimba crystalline. Izvi zvinenge zvakasvibirira, zvinokwanisa kugara mumhando yemadonhwe. Pamwe pamwe nekuratidzwa kwezvinhu izvi, makirasi emvura anoratidza anisotropy yemagnetic, magetsi, optical, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nehutano mu molecular orientation. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvinhu zvine maitiro akawanda. Kana kusavapo kwekunze kwemaitiro, kutengesa kwemafuta, magetsi ekutengesa, magetsi ekudzivirira , dielectric permeability is anototropic mumakristuru emvura . Dichroism uye birefringence inowanikwa mune zvinhu.

Zvichienderana nekugadzirira, lyotropic uye thermotropic liquid crystals zvinorongwa. Panewo kugoverana mumarudzi maererano nehutano hwema molecules.

Liquid crystals smectic

Vakatanga kuwanikwa musipo (saka zita rokuti "smegma" - sese). Mhedziso yemamoreksi inoratidzika yakagadziriswa mumapurisa zvichienderana nemaitiro awo akareba. Utsi hwemakristuru hunosvibiswa hunoratidzirwa nechimiro chakakoshwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinogadziriswa zvemasese emvura, ethyl ester ye azoxybenzoic.

"Vakasviba" vanofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yakadzika yekirasi yemakristal. Zvimwe zvemarudzi adzo zvinowanikwawo mu ferroelectric (kuvapo kwekutsvaira kwepakati pane imwe nzvimbo yekushisa). High viscosity haina kubvumira kuwana kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemakristani emvura anonakidza muunyanzvi.

Nematics

Nematic liquid crystals inosiyaniswa nekutungamira kwe longitudinal molecular axxes pamwe neimwe nzira. Mune mamwe mazwi, ivo vanoratidzwa nehurefu hwekutsvaga mazano. Zita remakristasi rakabuda kubva muchiGiriki tsanangudzo ye "hapana-kwete" - tambo. Dyssynclinations (filaments) vane mafambiro akakwirira, anonyatsooneka muchiedza chechisikigo.

Cholesteric liquid crystals uye kushanda kwavo

Muteeketomu yezvinhu zvechimiro ichi zvinosanganisira kufanana oblong lamellae. Cholesterol inopa propyl cholesterol ester, cholesteryl cinnamate, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveklesterol.

Zviratidzo zvemafuta emakristani emvura ehupenyu hwecholesteric zvinowanzoshandiswa mune zvehutano uye zvekuongorora. Kunzwisiswa kwezvinhu izvi kune kutonhora kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuona muchimiro kuparadzanisa kwekushisa kumusoro. Izvi, zvakare, zvinoshandiswa muinstroscopy (kutarisa kwezvinhu mukati memiviri, optically opaque), pakuonekwa kweimwe zvirwere, uyewo mumashonga ekushisa. Iyi makristani inoumba kutonhorera mufananidzo wechati chemavara. Cholesterikine inogona kushandiswawo kufungidzira ma microwave masimi. Kuti kubudise zviratidzo, simba rekupararira kwechiedza rinoshandiswa rinoshandiswa. Liquid crystal rinoratidza kushandisa chiedza. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uwedzere zvakanyanya simba rekushandisa. Nokudaro, simba re liquid crystal zviratidzo nderokuronga kwepamusoro zvakadarika pane mufirimu uye powder phosphors, chiedza-emitting diodes, gas-discharge indicators. Cholesterikisi inoshandiswa pamwoyo wekushandurwa kuva mufananidzo unooneka uri mukati.

Mune cholesteric liquid crystal (mukusiyana ne-a nematic liquid crystal), kupararira kwechiedza kunogona kuva nekuyeuka - nyika inopesana nechiedza inogona kuchengetwa kunyange mushure mokunge munda wacho wabviswa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvimwe zvivako zveku cholesteric zvinoshandisa nguva yehurumende. Saka, chiyeuchidzo chinogona kupera kubva pamaminitsi akawanda kusvika kumakore akawanda. Nyika yekutanga (isina kupararira) yehushusha yega yega inopiwa nechimwe chinokonzera. Nzvimbo yakatarwa inoshandiswa paunogadzira masero memusoro.