Ndiyo gungwa guru panyika

Kusvikira 1513, vanhu vakanga vasingazivi kuti gungwa nderipi guru. Mufambisi weSpain Vasco Nunez deBalboa aiva nerombo kuti ave wokutanga kuona mvura zhinji inoshandiswa. Gungwa guru rakatumidzwa kuti Great Ocean. Makore manomwe gare gare, muna 1520, mufambi wegungwa kubva kuPortugal Fernand Magellan akaita rwendo rwepasi pose. Kuvonga kwacho kwakazozivikanwa pamusoro penharaunda kubva kuAtlantic kusvika kumahombekombe egungwa munyika yose - Nyarara.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kusvikira pakuguma kwezana remakore rechi19, pasina munhu aigona kugara pazvitsuwa zviri kumaodzanyemba kwegungwa. Asi gungwa guru rakanga rine (uye rine iye zvino) chinhu chinokosha chinokosha. Ndicho chikonzero nei makoloni akakunda zviwi zvikuru. Kubva pane zvakarongwa, nhasi nyika dzepasi dziri kuedza kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzavo munzvimbo yePacific. Saka, America inotora Mariana Islands, uyewo zvitsuwa zveHawaii nePalau. Russia ndeyeIriary Islands, France - New Caledonia, Futuna uye Wallis Islands, French Polynesia. Dzimwe dzenharaunda dzeBritain dzakashandurwa kuva nheyo dzehondo.

Gungwa guru pane kaviri kuAtlantic. Pedyo nekunze kwemakondinendi, nzvimbo yaro mvura inoparadzaniswa mumakungwa. Saka, pedyo nehombekombe yeSouth-East uye East Asia Selebes neBanda, Japanese, Yellow, South-China neMaodzanyemba kweMakungwa zvinoumbwa. Gungwa reOkhotsk rakaumbwa kubva kumhenderekedzo yeKamchatka , yakakwirira kumusoro (kuchamhembe) - Beringovo.

Mumvura yePacific mvura yakadzika pasi pegungwa. Saka, somuenzaniso, Mariana ine yakadzika ye gumi nerimwe nemazana makumi matatu nemana mana. Nharaunda iyo iyo yakakura yegungwa iripo inosanganisira zviuru zvezvitsuwa zvakapararira izvo zvakaparadzana zvikamu zviviri. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira zvitsuwa zvekuputika kwepasi (Japan, Hawaii, somuenzaniso). Zvitsuwa zviduku zveKayle neAleutian zvinoumba "bhanhire rinopisa" kumucheto kwekumvura. Chikamu chechipiri chinosanganisira koral reefs. Iko iri pedyo neEquator. Kuonekwa kwezvitsuwa zvekorori kunokonzerwa nebasa re polyps.

Nharaunda yegungwa guru kune mamiriyoni zana nemakumi masere makiromita. Iyo yakareba yakakwirira yehuyu, iyo yakanyorwa zvakanyorwa, ndiyo mamita makumi matatu nemana. Mvura yemvura muPacific Ocean inopfuura mamiriyoni mazana manomwe nemakumi maviri emakiromita makiromita.

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti mhuka nemichero yenzvimbo yemvura zvakanyatsogadzirwa. Kunyanya, izvi zvinoonekwa pakati peAustralia neAsia. Pano, nzvimbo huru pane dzose dzinogarwa nemakungwa emakoral, uyewo maruva emangrove. Mvura isina kudzika, pane anenge makumi matatu emhando yemiti yemaruva uye anopfuura zviuru zvina zvinyorwa zvakasiyana. Pakati pavo pane kunyange mahombeti chaiwo, ane urefu hwemazana maviri mamita.

Pakati pezvuru zviviri zvemhando dzehove unogona kuona vamiriri vekare, zvisingawanike mune mamwe mvura. Mvura yePacific inowanzowanikwa vamiriri vemhuka. Semuenzaniso, pano anogara tridakna - iyo huru bivalve mollusk. Kurema kwayo kunosvika mazana matatu kilogiramu. Iwe unogona kusangana nemafuta makuru.

Inenge makumi matanhatu kubva muzana yekubatwa kwenhove yenyika kunowira paPacific Ocean. Pakati pezvokutengeserana kune zvakawanda, salmon, cod, perch, nemichero. Munyika yePacific Ocean, invertebrates (mollusks, oysters, crabs), mhuka dzesango (mhombwe nenyuchi, gungwa reshumba), zvinomera (gungwa kabichi, somuenzaniso) zviri kugoverwa. Pasi penzvimbo huru yemigodhi yemigodhi yemari iri kuumbwa. Tin, mafuta, gesi, mhangura, nickel, cobalt, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa pano.

Izvo zvisinganyanyi kukosha ndiyo nzira yekufambisa, inofamba mumvura uye ichibatanidza nyika dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Russia, China, Taiwan, United States, Japan, Canada nevamwe.