Maitiro ekudhindwa kwenhamba anoverengwa

Mutsara (refractive index) ndeyebhuku nhamba iyo inofananidzira simba rekubvumira remusviki wakajeka. Inotsanangurwa netsamba n. Kusiyanisa pakati pemhedziso yekudzivisa yakakwana uye coefficient yakakwana.

Yokutanga inotaridzwa neimwe yemazita maviri:

N = chivi α / sin β = const (apo chivi α iine sine yemakona echiitiko, uye chivi β ndiro sine yemakona ekudzivirira kwechiedza chechiedza chinopinda nepakati kubva pakusina)

Kana

N = c / υ _λ (apo c ndiyo nguva yechiedza musingaiti, υ _λ is speed of light in mid medium under study).

Pano kuverenga kunoratidza kuti kazhinji chiedza chinoshandiswa sei nekukurumidza kwekuparidzirwa kwayo panguva yekuchinja kubva pakusviba kusvika pakati pekunze. Nokudaro, refractive index (absolute) yakatemwa. Kuti uwane hukama, shandisa chirevo:

N = n ₂ / n _1.

Ikozvino, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mhedziso yakakwana yokubvuma yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, semuenzaniso girasi negirazi, zvinofungidzirwa.

Kakawanda, zviyero zvakakwana zvemamwe miviri, ingava gaseous, mvura kana yakasimba, nguva dzose inopfuura 1. Zvinyorwa, zvido zvavo zvinotangira kubva pa1 kusvika kune maviri. Pamusoro pechipiri, chinhu ichi chinogona kunge chiri mumatambudziko akasiyana. Kukosha kweiyi parameter kune dzimwe nzvimbo:

• Refractive index yegirazi (korona) - 1,5163;
• Mhepo - 1.000292;
• Glycerol 1,473;
• Eteri - 1.358;
• Ethyl doro - 1.363;
• Carbon disulphide - 1.629;
• Pamusoro pegirazi yeganda - 1.49.

Ichi chinokosha mukushanda kune zvakanyanya zvakaoma zvinhu zvepanyika pasi, diamond, ndeye 2.42. Kazhinji panguva yekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi, nezvimwewo, zvinotarisirwa kuziva ruzivo rwekudzivisa mvura. Iyi parameter ndeyo 1.334.

Sezvo kuwedzerwa kwechiratidzo chiratidzo, hongu, kusina tsvimbo, rondedzero inopiwa kune tsamba n. Zvarinoreva zvinobatsirawo kunzwisisa kuti inofanirwa kudii iyo inopa. Paunenge uchitarisa chinhu chimwe chete, asi nekuwedzera kwechiedza-wave yakareba, refractive index ichaderera. Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kuparara kwechiedza mukati mechirwere sezvo ichipfuura nepayenzi, chirongo, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Nekukwirira kwekuyerera kwekuratidza, iwe unogona kuona, semuenzaniso, kuti ingani imwe yezvinhu inopera mune imwe. Izvi zvinobatsira, somuenzaniso, pakushisa kana paunoda kuziva huwandu hwemashuga, michero kana majiroji mujisi. Ichi chiratidzo chinokosha mukugadzirisa kunaka kwezvinhu zve petroleum, uye mune zvishongo, apo iwe unoda kuratidza kubwinya kwebwe, nezvimwewo.

Kuti uone kugadziriswa kwenhamba, chigadzirwa chinokosha chinonzi refractometer chinoshandiswa. Kuti urishandise, kutanga pane zvose zvakakosha kuichenesa nemucheka wakanyorova, wozoshandisa maronho 2-3 echiyero chemuviri kusvika kune jeri rinopinda muchimiro. Uyezve, hombe yakasvibirira yemasikati yakavharwa .

Pasina kushandiswa kwemhando ipi zvayo, chiyero chinowanikwa muziso chechigadzirwa chichave chakatsvuka bhuruu. Kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uine mvura yakasvibiswa mvura, uye nekugadzirisa kwakarurama kwechiridzwa, muganhu webhuruu nemuchena mutsvuku uchapfuura zvakanyanya pa zero. Muchidzidzo cheimwe chizivo, chichafamba pamwe nechiyero maererano nechitenderedzero chekuregera chinenge chiri mazviri.