Basa reMitochondria uye chimiro chavo

Mumasero ezvisikwa zvipenyu kune zvikamu zvepamusoro zvinotama, kushanda, kuungana uye kuwedzera. Vanonzi mitochondria kana chondriosomes. Zvigadzirwa zvakafanana zviri mumasero ezvisikwa zvakajeka, uye mumasero emiti nemhuka. Kwenguva yakareba, mabasa eMitochondria akadzidza zvakare mukudzidza kwekugadzirwa kwemasero , nokuti yakanga yakanyanya kufarira.

Zvechokwadi, pamasero emasero, mitochondria inoita basa rakananga uye rinokosha zvikuru - inoumba simba nenzira yeAdenosine triphosphate. Iyi ndiyo nucleotide yakakosha mumatabolism ezvisikwa zvipenyu uye ichiita kuti ive simba. ATP inoshanda sezvose zvakasikwa zvemasimba, zvakakosha pakuyerera kwemhando ipi zvayo yezvinyorwa mumuviri. Mune izvi, mabasa makuru e mitochondria ndeyekuchengetedza basa rinokosha pamasero emagetsi nekuda kwekuumbwa kweAATP.

Izvo zvinowanzoitika mumasero kwenguva yakareba zvaifarira masayendisiti, nokuti zvakabatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani chimiro uye unyanzvi hwehupenyu. Nzira yekugunun'una nguva dzose inotora nguva yakareba. Saka Karl Lohmann muna 1929 akawana adenosine triphosphate, uye Fritz Lipman muna 1941 vakaona kuti iye ndiye mutengi mukuru wesimba kumasero.

Maitiro e mitochondria

Kuonekwa kune imwechete kufanana nezvinoitwa mitochondrial. Ukuru uye maumbirwo emigumbe iyi ndezvisingagumi uye zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzezvisikwa zvipenyu. Kana tikatsanangura maitiro anokosha, saka mitochondria yegranular uye filamentous ine membrane mbiri ine mazamu ehutachiona hwemamiriyoni mashanu emakiromita muhupamhi, uye urefu hunokwanisa kusvika 60 micromillimeter.

Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, masayendisiti vave vachiedza kwenguva refu kuedza mubvunzo wekugadzirisa uye mabasa e mitochondria. Matambudziko makuru aiva nehuwandu hwekugadzirisa midziyo, nokuti hazvibviri kuverenga nyika duku mune dzimwe nzira.

Mitochondria ine mamwe masero mumasero emhuka kupfuura mumasero emiti, nokuti kumhuka kushandurwa kwesimba kubva pakuchinja kwemaonero kunokosha zvikuru. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kutsanangura nzira dzakadaro, asi mumasero emiti mabasa akadaro anotorwa nemakloroplast.

Mumasero, mitochondria inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, uko kune chido cheAATP. Tinogona kutaura kuti mitochondria ine sarudzo yakakwana, saka inogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Basa reMitochondria

Iko basa guru re mitochondria ndiko kushandiswa kweAXM molecules. Iyi ndiyo mhando yesimba remasero echitini, iyo inogadziriswa yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzera simba nekuda kwekuora kwayo.

Iyo ndiyo nyanzvi ye simba, i.e. Mushonga unoshandiswa pakuparara ipo pyruvic acid. Izvo, uyewo, muviri unogamuchira kubva kumaproteine, makhahydrates uye mafuta. Kune nzira mbiri dzekuita simba, uye mitochondria inoshandiswa zvose. Yokutanga yeiyi inofananidzwa nekusvibiswa kwe pyruvate mumatrice. Yechipiri inosanganiswa ne cristae yemagetsi uye inopedza zvakananga kushandiswa kwemagetsi.

Muzhinji, iyi nzira yakaoma kwazvo uye inoitika mumatanho akawanda. Kurongeka kwenguva refu kwekugadzirisa kunovakwa, chinangwa chega icho chinopa simba remamwe maitiro emagetsi. Kuchengetedzwa kwechiripo pamasero emunharaunda kunobvumira kuchengetedza basa raro rinokosha sezvose. Ndicho chikonzero masayendisiti vave vachiedza kwenguva refu vachiedza kunyatsoziva kuti izvi zvinoitika sei. Nokufamba kwenguva, nyaya dzakawanda dzakagadziriswa, kunyanya mukudzidza uku kweDNA uye zvakagadzirirwa masero mashoma mashoma emakororld. Pasina izvi, munhu haagoni kufungidzira kufambira mberi kwesayenzi yakazara, pamwe nekudzidza kwehupenyu hwevanhu nemhuka dzakagadziridzwa.