Chii chinonzi impedance inonzi wave

Imwe yemiganhu yenzira ipi neipi yekutengesa ndiyo mhepo inoputika. Inonyanya kukoshesa mu-high-frequency radio transmission teknolojia, apo kusaruramisa kuduku kwebasa rekufambisa kunokonzera kukanganisa kukuru pane zvakabuda. Kune rumwe rutivi, muridzi wese wekombiyuta akabatana nevamwe kune imwe nzvimbo inotarisana nemasangano anotarisana nepfungwa ye "kushivirira kushanduka" zuva rega rega. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kubuda kweEthernet mitambo yakadzika kubva pazvikwata zvakakanganiswa kwakabvumira mubati wekupedzisira kuti asafungisise zvakanyanya pamusoro pehubatanidza, kugadzirisa, kupedzisa nekugadzirisa unhu, sezvakangoita ne coaxial cable mitsara ye megabits 10 (uye pasi). Zvisinei, kunyange nekuremekedza vaviri vakavhiringidza, shoko rokuti "mhirizhonga yemhepo" inoshandiswa. Pasi pose, zviitiko zvekushanda kwemakombiyuta masangano zvichakurukurwa gare gare.

Saka, chii chinonzi impedance wave? Sezvatotaurwa, iyi ndeimwe yemamiriro ekutungamirira kunoenderana nesimbi yevatengesi. Kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira kunodiwa kuitira kuti usasakananidza mazuva ano ekufambisa kwemashoko ekufambisa uye mazana ematafura emhangura, apo simba rekutakura hazvikwanisi kutengeswa, asi chiedza-mimwe mitemo inoshanda ipapo. Ichi chinokosha chinoratidza kuti kukwikwidza kwakadini kunogadzirisa jenereta (iyo inobva mumagetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi). Usavhiringidza kupikisa kushingaira, izvo zvinogona kuyerwa nehuwandu hwemasimba ehupamhi, uye kushorwa kwemajairo emvura, nokuti izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose. Izvozvo hazvirevi nehurefu hwemuitungamiri (izvi zvatove zvakakwana kuti tibvunze nezve "kufanana" kwekudzivirira). Panyama, iyo yakaenzana nemukati wepakati weiyo inonzi inductance (Henry) ku capacitance (Farada). Chinyorwa chiduku: pasinei nokuti chokwadi chezvinhu zvinogadziriswa zvemuganhu zvinoshandiswa mukuverenga, chirevo chinoputika chinogara chichionekwa sechishanda pakuverenga.

Zvakanakisisa kufunga zvinhu zvose nemuenzaniso. Fungidzira dunhu rakajeka rinosanganisira simba (jenereta, R1), vatungamiri vane unopikisa (R2), uye mutengi (mutoro, R3). Apo zvose zvitatu zvinopesana zvakaenzana, simba rose rinoshandiswa rinosvika kune mutengi uye rinoita basa rinobatsira ikoko. Kana kune rumwe rutivi uku kuenzana hakuoneki, saka kushandiswa kusina kugadziriswa kunoitika. Panguva iyo tsamba yacho inoputsanurwa, yakaratidza majeko achioneka, uye mamwe emagetsi anoshandiswa kudzoka kudzokera kune jenereta. Saizvozvowo, zvakakosha kuwedzerwa simba rayo kuitira kubhadhara kukosha kwesimba rakaratidzwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, mamwe emasimba akaparara, zvinoreva kurasikirwa uye kusagadzikana kwekushanda. Mukuwedzera, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kusavhiringidzwa kunowanzovhiringidza kushanda kwemutsara wose.

Iye zvino vadzokera kumakombiyuta ekutengesa, uko kupera kwemhepo kunopinda basa rinokosha. Nokuda kwemitsara yakagadzirwa nekodhiyo (50 ohm), zvakakosha kuchengeta mamiriro ekuti kushorwa kwemaketani emaketani uye mutungamiri pakati pavo kunofanira kuenzana. Chero munyaya iyi iyo terminator uye pasi system inoshanda. Kana imwe chikamu chekambani inotambanudzirwa zvishoma (shandisa mutoro pairidziri), saka nekuda kwekuchinja kwehupamhi hwevatungamiri, kupisa kwemazhenje kuchachinja panguva ino, kuratidzwa kwemajeko kuchaitika, izvo zvingavhiringidza kushanda kwehurongwa. Muchiitiko ichi, kuenzanisa kushanda kwakasimba kwemuganhu kunogona kushanduka kusashandura (bhajeti zvigadzirwa hazvina kunyora kuwedzera kwekudzivisa zvachose). Kuedza kugadzirisa mutsara nekugadziridza vatungamiri munzvimbo yakakonzerwa kuchawedzera kuwedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu, sezvo kwete chete kurwisana kunowanzoonekwa, asi musanganiswa wezvimwe zvemashoko (tin, mhangura) umo mafungu anopararira nenzira dzakasiyana.

Munharaunda yakakurumbira yakakanganiswa yeboka 5, impedance is 100 ohms. Nemhaka yeizvi, inobvumirwa kudzorerwa nekugadziriswa uye kunyange kutengesa.