Vologda Kremlin: The State Museum-Reserve (Mufananidzo)

Mukati chaiwo yeVologda ndeyezvakaitika kare uye zvekugadzira, izvo zvakagadzirirwa neChirevo chaIvan IV senhare (1567) uye yakazadzisa basa rinodzivirirwa mumazana emakore XVI-XVII. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechina, masvingo aro neshongwe zvakaparadzwa. Nhasi Vologda Kremlin ndiyo State Museum-Reserve. Tichakuudza pamusoro peiyo chikumbaridzo chenhoroondo uye mapurani.

Vologda Kremlin - nhau

Kuvakwa kweKremlin kwakatanga mukati megore ra1566, manheru ezuva revaapositori Sosipatra naJason. Basa racho rakatungamirirwa neine injini yekushanyira kubva kuUn, Humphrey Locke.

Ivan anotyisa akaronga kushandisa Vologda Kremlin senzvimbo yake yokugara. Nharaunda yekuvakwa yakanga yakatarwa kubva kuchamhembe neRwizi Vologda, kubva kumaodzanyemba, mhepo yakagadzirwa, iyo inozivikanwa seMvura yeZolotukh, kubva kumadokero muganhu wakamhanya paNhasi Leningradskaya Street.

Muna 1571, basa rokuvaka rakamiswa maererano nekutama kwamambo. Panguva iyo, rusvingo rwematombo uye shongwe gumi nerimwe rwakanga rwakagadzirwa, maviri ayo, ane tsvina, aiva nechekumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwekona.

Gare gare munharaunda yeKremlin kwaiva nechechi yekereke - imba yakakura yematombo, St. Sophia Cathedral. Panguva imwechete yakaonekwa imba yamambo, yakagadzirwa nematanda, uye kereke yaJoachim naAna. Jeri rehuni uye shongwe 21-hood yakavakwa. Rusvingo rwematombo rwakanga ruchibva kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva uye kubva kuchamhembe-kumavirazuva. Pasinei nokuti Vologda Kremlin yakanga isati yapera, ikozvino mumazuva iwayo yakarova nekukura kwayo kukuru.

Zvimwe zvitatu zvigadziro zvehuni uye shongwe dzomukati dzakavakwa munguva yekutonga kwaAlexei Mikhailovich.

Migwagwa iri mukati meKremlin yakanga yakarongwa ichifunga nezvekutungamirira kwemigwagwa mikuru yakaiswa kubva kuSango reSpassky, uye yakatungamirirwa kuSt. Sophia Cathedral. Pakati pemigwagwa mikuru yakasikwa kugarwa kwemigwagwa uye zvipfeko. Nzvimbo yakakwirira yainzi Sobornaya. Yakagara Sophia Cathedral, imba yamambo uye makamuri emabhishopu.

Vologda Kremlin yaiva nemasangano enyika, ari pedyo nemadziro okumabvazuva, ayo akatungamirira kuRwizi Zolotukh. Kupikisa kwaiva kamba kaduku kakanyora-mairi akagara makarikisi. Mumunharaunda maiva nejeri rakanyadziswa, uye shure kwayo rakamira magirare masere, umo zviyo zvakachengetwa, zvakabatanidzwa kubva kumatare evanhu. Chishoma kumaodzanyemba kwePyatnitskiy chakanga chakagadzirirwa imba ine ruzivo umo vaifamba navo vaigara. Vakatsvaga mhosva dzemhosva. Pakarepo paivawo nechivanze chejeri chakakomberedzwa nefensi yakakwirira.

Panharaunda yeKremlin yakarongeka yakakurumbira Trade Square. Muna 1711, yakavakwa mitsara gumi nemaviri. Gare gare, pavakatanga kushaikwa, mitsara yekutengesa yakatanga kumira pamahombekombe eZolotukh.

Pakati peSpassky neVologda shongwe yakanga iri Gostiny Dvor, iyo muna 1627 yakave nenharaunda yemamita 98 mamita 92 muhupamhi. Pano pane madzimambo emadzimambo, akavakwa pasi pedenga rimwe, kereke yaPetro naPauro.

Nhasi Vologda Kremlin ndiyo nheyo yematongerwo emitambo yeguta racho. Zvasara zvezvivako zvakawanda zvinodzivirira zvino zvinomiririrwa nenzira yemadziva uye matongo mumusitamende park uye pedyo neRwizi Zolotukhi.

Nhoroondo ye museum

Imwe musamuziyamu muVologda yakaonekwa muzana remakore re XIX. Yaiva imba yaPeter I, uyo akagamuchira vaenzi vokutanga muna 1885. Makore 11 gare gare (1896), diocesan Ancient Vault yakaonekwa muVologda, umo maiva nezvinhu zvekare kare zvechitendero zvakakosha uye magwaro anokosha eVologda diocese.

Mifananidzo yekutanga yeVologda yakabuda muna 1911. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusikwa kweMusamende yeHomeland.

MunaMarch 1923, maererano nechisarudzo chemasimba emunharaunda, zvose musamuziyamu eguta pamwe chete.

Pamusoro penzvimbo ye museum yemunharaunda, Vologda State Historical uye Architectural Museum-Reserve yakarongeka.

Nhasi inobatanidza Vologda Kremlin uye matavi 9. Izvi ndezvi:

1. Architectural and Ethnographic Museum.
2. Museum of lace.
3. Imba yaPetro I.
4. "Vologda Reference" (museum).
5. Imba-museum yeMozhaysky A.F.
6. Museum-imba Batiushkov K.N.
7. "Zvinyorwa. Art. Zvekare XX »(museum).
8. "Zvinhu zvakakanganwa" (museum).
9. "Vologda pakupera kweXIX - XX mazana emakore" (kuratidzwa kwekuratidzira).

St. Sophia Cathedral

Iri ndiro chivakwa chekare kudarika muguta. Vologda Kremlin uye St. Sophia Cathedral zviyeuchidzo zvekuvakwa uye nhoroondo yezana remakore rechi16. Temberi inonakidza zvikuru muhukuru. Masvingo ane urefu hwemamita 38,5, kureba kunopfuura mamita 59.

St. Sophia Cathedral muenzaniso wekuvakwa kwechechi yeRussia yezana remakore rechi16. Zvivako zvakadaro zvakagoverwa mumaguta, vakavakwa maererano nemhando yeAssumption Cathedral kuMoscow. Panguva imwecheteyo, Vologda Cathedral yakasiyana nedzimwe dzakafanana mumasvingo ayo eononic, izvo zvinopa kereke yepamusoro kune imwe nzvimbo yekumusoro yakasimba.

Zvikamu zvegadziriro

St. Sophia Cathedral ine chimiro chinokosha. Maererano nechechi yekare yekereke, aritari yetemberi inofanira kugara iri kutarisana kumabvazuva. Pachinhu chakanaka chaIvan chinotyisa, aritari yekereke yakavakwa nenzira yakadai yakatungamirirwa kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva. Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, Ivan IV aifarira kuti aritari yetemberi yakashandurwa kurwizi, kunyange izvi zvakapesana netsika dzekuvaka kereke.

Kusvikira ikozvino, shandi shanu yematanda yakavezwa iconostasis yakachengetedzwa zvizere. Yakasikwa muna 1738 uye ikava yechitatu kubvira pakuvakwa kwechechi yeRoma. Mifananidzo yake yakaveza mufananidzo wemuPolish Maxim Iskritsky.

Nokuda kwenguva yakareba kare, Sophia Cathedral yakavakwazve kakawanda. Kuonekwa kwaro kwemazuva ano kwakawanikwa chete muzana remakore rechi20.

Belfry weVologda Kremlin

Muna 1659 ganda rakagadzirirwa matende rakagadzirirwa munharaunda yeKremlin.

Muna 1869, Bhishopi Palladius, uyo aidavira kuti bhero yekedhedral inofanira kuva yakakwirira kudarika mabhero-shongwe mu diocese, akarayira muvakiriti VN Schildknecht kuvakazve. Tende rakabviswa, uye pane imwe yekare kune bhenji rakange riripo nhasi, iro rakashongedza bhero mabheti.

Chinhu chikuru chebhenji iyi yaiva chimes yakaitwa muMoscow, pfineji yehama dzeGuenenop (1871). Nhasi ivo iawa huru yeguta.

The unique belfry

Heino mhemberero yakasiyana yezviremberi zvekare. Zvakachengeteka mabhero ezana remakore re XVII. Vamwe vavo vakagamuchira mazita ekutanga - "Sentry" (1627), "Big Swan" (1689), "Little Swan" (1656) nevamwe.

Pakati pehupamhi hwemusoro ndeyechechi chekucherechedza deck. Kubva mauri unogona kurangarira maonero akanaka kwazvo eguta, rwizi.

Musoro webhero shongwe yakasimbiswa. Nguva yekupedzisira basa iri rakaitwa muna 1982. Zvadaro zvakatora 1200 g gashizha regoridhe.

Imba yaPetro I

Iyi musamuziyamu yakatanga kushanda kuVologda iri kure 1872. Inowanikwa munzvimbo yekare yeguta, pamahombekombe egungwa reVologda, mune yekare yainzi Gutman. Iyi ndiyo chete chivako chinogara chiripo chevaDutch vatengesi. Pano Petro ndakashanyira kazhinji.

Iye zvino kukohwa kwemu museum kunoumbwa nemazana emakaratidziro. Vose vari zvapupu zvisingatauri zvemazuva iwayo ekare. Izvi zvipfeko zvefaira apo engraving "AG" (Adolph Gutman), iyo yaiva yevadzidzisi veimba, yakachengetedzwa.

Kunyanya kukosha kwakaratidzwa ndiyo mirairo yakaitwa naPeter Mukuru. Izvi, chokwadi, ndiyo Mutemo weSt. Andrew wekutanga-Anonzi. Mumazuva iwayo, vakapiwa vanhu 38.

Excursions

Nhasi vazhinji vevanhu vedu vanouya kuzoongorora Vologda Kremlin, mufananidzo waunogona kuona munyaya yedu.

Iyi museum inosanganisira makumi mana emagadzirirwo emadziro, nzvimbo yose iyo 9000 square mita. Vashanyi vanopiwa mabhuku, maitiro, masayenzi-masayenzi, zvinyorwa zvekare uye maitiro. Musangano weMusamumusi unosanganisira zvinopfuura mazana mashanu emakaratidzo - mifananidzo yakakosha yeAkare Rus, mifananidzo, zvinyorwa, mari yekare nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Zvinopfuura makumi ezviuru makumi matanhatu zvekuratidzira zvinoratidzwa pamasangano akasiyana-siyana. Zvizhinji zvakakonzerwa kubva kuunganidzwa yemu museum zvakaratidzwa muEngland neGermany, Vatican neFrance, Finland neNetherlands, Hungary neAustria. Zvose zvinoenda kuVologda Kremlin zvinogona kushanyirwa zvose zvevanhu uye boka. Uye zvirongwa zvekufambisa zvakasikwa kwemazera akasiyana-siyana, kutanga nevana vepakutanga. Kuenda kunopfuura 80 kunowanzoitwa pamusana pemu museum uye matavi awo.

Mamiriro ekushanda kwemu museum

Nhasi vazhinji vanofambira vanoenda kuVologda Kremlin. Maawa okuzarura emusitamusi mazuva ese kubva pa10: 00 kusvika ku17.00. Imyuziyamu yakavharwa nekushanyira musi weMuvhuro neChipiri. Nharaunda yeKremlin yakasununguka kupinda zuva rega rega.